Targeted level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
180 credits
Duration
3 years
Training structure
Faculty of Science, Faculty of Pharmacy
Language(s) of instruction
French
Presentation
The Life Sciences degree is a generalist program, which covers all disciplines related to the study of life: animal and plant biology, cellular and molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, plant and animal physiology, infectiology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, etc...
Theory is complemented by laboratory work (biochemistry, bacteriology, animal and plant physiology, in vitro cultures, dissections, etc.) and/or field work (sampling, etc.).
The curriculum also includes a methodology component: scientific method and reasoning, data analysis, scientific writing of reports, observation drawings, acquisition of techniques and tools (microscope, for example).
Complementary disciplines necessary for the training of any scientist are also taught: mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science as tools for the biologist, earth sciences, and general and scientific English.
Training begins in L1 within a single Life Sciences - Health and Environment (LSHE) portal, with options that allow students to customize their path. Specialization courses are then offered from L2 onwards or in L3.
The 3-year Bachelor's degree program includes lectures, tutorials, practical work and, depending on the program, an internship organized as a teaching unit (UE). Each unit is evaluated by continuous assessment and/or a final exam at the end of the semester. The degree entitles the student to 180 credits.
Graduates will be able to work in various fields: agri-food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, environment, research, teaching, etc.
Objectives
The Life Sciences degree is a generalist and multidisciplinary program that aims to provide a comprehensive education in the field of life sciences. The curriculum combines both fundamental and theoretical teachings, and the learning of methodological tools.
The SV degree provides an integrated vision of biology. It focuses on the environment, biodiversity, biomedical research, plant improvement and health, and the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of life.
The specialization in courses allows students to orient themselves towards the different fields of biology.
Know-how and skills
- Disciplinary Skills:
- Mobilize the fundamental concepts and technologies of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, microbiology, physiology, immunology, classification of living organisms, developmental biology and evolution to address a problem in the field or analyze a research or presentation document.
- Mobilize the fundamental concepts of ecology and ecosystems to situate biological and physiological issues.
- Understand, identify and carry out independently the different steps of an experimental approach.
- Identify, select and apply a combination of analytical tools (current techniques, instrumentation) adapted to characterize organisms (from the biomolecule to the individual in its complexity) and their functioning at different levels of analysis (intracellular metabolism, biology and physiology of complex organisms, interactions between individuals and groups, interactions with the environment).
- Interpret and analyze experimental data to consider their modeling.
- Validate a model by comparing its predictions with experimental results and assess its validity limits.
- Identify sources of error to calculate the uncertainty of an experimental result.
- Manipulate fundamental mechanisms at the microscopic scale, model macroscopic phenomena, relate a macroscopic phenomenon to microscopic processes.
- Operate data acquisition and analysis software with a critical mind.
- Mobilize the concepts and tools of mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science in the context of life science problems.
- Identify the specific regulations and implement the main preventive measures in terms of health and safety.
- Pre-Professional Skills:
- To situate one's role and mission within an organization in order to adapt and take initiatives.
- Identify the process of production, dissemination and valorisation of knowledge.
- Respect the principles of ethics, deontology and environmental responsibility.
- Work in a team as well as independently and responsibly in the service of a project.
- Identify and situate the professional fields that are potentially related to the knowledge acquired in the field as well as the possible paths to access them.
- Characterize and value one's identity, competencies and professional project according to a context.
- Step back from a situation, evaluate yourself and question yourself in order to learn.
- Cross-cutting and language skills:
- Use digital reference tools and computer security rules to acquire, process, produce and disseminate information and to collaborate internally and externally.
- Identify and select various specialized resources to document a topic.
- Analyze and synthesize data in order to exploit them.
- Develop an argument with critical thinking.
- Use the different registers of written and oral expression of the French language with ease.
- Be fluent in written and oral comprehension and expression in at least one modern foreign language (scientific English is strongly recommended).
International training
Training with formalized international partnershipsInternational dimension
It is possible to do part of your studies abroad through the ERASMUS program and various other programs (e.g. ERASMUS-MUNDUS, BCI (Quebec), etc.). It is necessary to prepare your application in advance.
Organization
Knowledge control
Continuous or terminal control, depending on the UE.
Success rate:
40-50% in L1, 60 to 80% in L2, depending on the course, 80 to 90% in L3, depending on the course.
Special arrangements
Accommodations are available for high-level athletes, students with disabilities, and students who work outside the classroom; see the FDS website for more details.
Program
The first year, L1 Life Science and Health and Environment (LSHE), is a common core year during which the fundamental subjects for learning biology are taught (basic notions of biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics), as well as the scientific method and reasoning. It is possible to choose options (1 in the first semester, 2 in the second) to personalize one's course. It is also possible to integrate training courses in preparation for health studies (medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy, dentistry, etc., L1 LAS), or in preparation for competitive exams in agronomy or veterinary schools (PCAV course).
During the2nd year (L2), it is possible to keep a generalist aspect in biology, with options to start a specialization, or to integrate a specialized course in scientific ecology and evolutionary biology (BE course).
During the3rd year, it is possible to specialize by integrating one of the 8 courses offered by the Biology-Mechanisms of Life department (Bio-MV): Animal Physiology and Neuroscience (PAN pathway), Biochemistry (Bioch pathway), Molecular Biology and Cell Biology (BMC pathway), Microbiology (Mic pathway), Plant Biology and Agroenvironment (BiPAgro), Biotechnologies, Biotraceability and Bioresources (BBB pathway), or Teaching Professions (BioME pathway), but also SVT-CME pathway within the ST license).
The list of Teaching Units for each year and portal is available on the Faculty of Science website.
NB: there are constraints on the number of places in the courses and for certain optional courses, linked to our capacity to accommodate students (staff and premises).
It is also possible to do additional UEs (with a maximum of 36 ECTS per semester) or in certain cases to have an associative commitment validated as an additional UE.
Select a program
License 2
License 3
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
To know the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized structures or groups of cells. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed as well as their properties used by industry as dyes, flavors, fragrances, drugs, biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials is discussed (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) and the production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefineries in Europe.
Keywords: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, biomolecule valorization, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information:
Visits of 2 analytical platforms are planned on the Montpellier pole (duration 1h30 each)
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Biological investigations
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It deals with different aspects of biomarkers :
Molecular markers / techniques of identification by genomic analysis in medicine and agronomy.
1) Concept of polymorphism and detection technique: The RFLP / ER-probe nucleic acid
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic analyses of polymorphism: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods
Studies of examples of application in the food industry:
- study of the diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of the freshness of fish by determination of histamine (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.
2.3) Their usefulness for the different fields of investigation in research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions
4) HPLC and FPLC and Gas Chromatography.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description*: This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Biochemistry Techniques
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. This course focuses more on the practical aspect. The principles of the usual biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, protein determination techniques by spectrophotometry, Western Blot/Elisa, ...) will be treated in class and then experiments related to these techniques will be carried out in practical work. It will be necessary to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed during the lab.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In-depth study of cellular and molecular biology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to deepen in small groups the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in the BMC2 and BMC3 courses by approaching them through more concrete notions. The lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to simply explain the main scientific approaches and to learn how to analyze and interpret the results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: transcription and translation in vitro and study of interaction by GST-pull down). The practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, construction of expression vectors, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Biochemistry Techniques
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. This course focuses more on the practical aspect. The principles of the usual biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, protein determination techniques by spectrophotometry, Western Blot/Elisa, ...) will be treated in class and then experiments related to these techniques will be carried out in practical work. It will be necessary to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed during the lab.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description*: This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
To know the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized structures or groups of cells. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed as well as their properties used by industry as dyes, flavors, fragrances, drugs, biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials is discussed (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) and the production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefineries in Europe.
Keywords: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, biomolecule valorization, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information:
Visits of 2 analytical platforms are planned on the Montpellier pole (duration 1h30 each)
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms in their environment. These microorganisms act alone or in community. They can have negative or positive effects on plants, their growth, their nutrition, their health. In this module, we will present the different forms that these biotic interactions can take (symbioses, parasitism-pathogenicity) based on popular biological models (mycorrhizal or nitrogen-fixing symbioses, diseases caused by different microorganisms). It will also be an opportunity to present emerging concepts in the field such as the microbiome or the holobiont.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
To know the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized structures or groups of cells. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed as well as their properties used by industry as dyes, flavors, fragrances, drugs, biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials is discussed (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) and the production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefineries in Europe.
Keywords: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, biomolecule valorization, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information:
Visits of 2 analytical platforms are planned on the Montpellier pole (duration 1h30 each)
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Experimental ecology and scientific approach
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a practical teaching of construction of an experiment in scientific ecology: construction of a protocol, implementation and follow-up of the experiment, data analysis, oral and written reports.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Description of variability 2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the complementary practical application of the course Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).
The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in the R software, in parallel with the practical exercises, as well as the obtaining of graphs and numerical parameters allowing to characterize the samples and their variability.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Basic ecology: concepts and methods
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organization, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors of distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: the importance of experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports of an experiment
Ecology, diversity, and evolution of fungi
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit aims to explore the fungal kingdom in its biological, ecological and evolutionary dimensions. Through a series of lectures, supported by group work sessions (Td and TP), students will become familiar with these organisms, their biological specificities (particularly with regard to their reproduction) and their roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the place of fungi in human societies (food and medicine in particular) will be explored in the framework of this course, which also aims to analyze the links between biodiversity and human societies.
Basics of plant biology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course deals with the theoretical notions of plant biology, using the Spermatophytes as a model. It aims at defining the notions and the specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.
Diversity and evolution of present and past metazoans N1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
0h
The EU is interested in describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as in explaining their origin and their dynamics of appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on paleontology and zoology. It will mainly deal with the origin of metazoans and the main divisions that are diploblastic and triploblastic as well as basic notions related to the positioning and phylogenetic relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence...). It is classically divided into lectures, tutorials that will mainly aim at illustrating and supporting aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa and practical work in sessions aiming at the acquisition of skills, especially and necessarily in dissection.
Comparative animal physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Objectives of the course: Comparative study of the major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.
Models addressed: mammals in comparison with other vertebrate models (teleosts....) and invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, mollusks,...).
Description: This course will cover some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation) as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teachers. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesize the key points to be retained in the form of a written summary. Practical work and a practical test will also be offered to illustrate the courses.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Sedimentary geology, tectonics and cartography
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course brings together three complementary and fundamental disciplines of the Earth Sciences: sedimentology, tectonics and cartography. The different types of sedimentary rocks will be taught in detail in order to interpret their formation context and associated processes. The ductile and brittle tectonic objects will also be discussed at different scales in order to establish their formation context, especially in terms of stress regime. Practical work on samples will be carried out in parallel to allow students to develop their sense of observation and drawing and to take advantage of the rich collections available in the department. Finally, an initiation to the reading and working on geological maps will be carried out (diagram, section), putting into application the notions of sedimentology and tectonics previously acquired. This course should enable students to define the main lines of the geological history of a given region.
Hourly volumes:
- CM : 12
- TD : 3
- TP: 21
Description of variability 2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the complementary practical application of the course Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).
The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in the R software, in parallel with the practical exercises, as well as the obtaining of graphs and numerical parameters allowing to characterize the samples and their variability.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Basic ecology: concepts and methods
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organization, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors of distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: the importance of experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports of an experiment
Ecology, diversity, and evolution of fungi
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit aims to explore the fungal kingdom in its biological, ecological and evolutionary dimensions. Through a series of lectures, supported by group work sessions (Td and TP), students will become familiar with these organisms, their biological specificities (particularly with regard to their reproduction) and their roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the place of fungi in human societies (food and medicine in particular) will be explored in the framework of this course, which also aims to analyze the links between biodiversity and human societies.
Basics of plant biology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course deals with the theoretical notions of plant biology, using the Spermatophytes as a model. It aims at defining the notions and the specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.
Diversity and evolution of present and past metazoans N1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
0h
The EU is interested in describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as in explaining their origin and their dynamics of appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on paleontology and zoology. It will mainly deal with the origin of metazoans and the main divisions that are diploblastic and triploblastic as well as basic notions related to the positioning and phylogenetic relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence...). It is classically divided into lectures, tutorials that will mainly aim at illustrating and supporting aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa and practical work in sessions aiming at the acquisition of skills, especially and necessarily in dissection.
Comparative animal physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Objectives of the course: Comparative study of the major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.
Models addressed: mammals in comparison with other vertebrate models (teleosts....) and invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, mollusks,...).
Description: This course will cover some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation) as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teachers. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesize the key points to be retained in the form of a written summary. Practical work and a practical test will also be offered to illustrate the courses.
Diversity and evolution of present and past metazoans N2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is an extension of the L2 S3 course, which focuses on describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as explaining their origin and dynamics of appearance through the acquisition of skills in paleontology and zoology. In S4, the course will mainly explore the major subdivisions within the protostomian organisms that are the lophotrochozoa (molluscan annelids, brachiopods,...) and the ecdysozoa (arthropods, nematodes,...), while underlining their phylogenetic relationships as well as their importance or socio-economic impacts. The UE is classically divided into lectures, tutorials that will mainly aim at illustrating and supporting aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa and practical work in sessions aiming at the acquisition of skills, in particular and obligatorily through the realization of some dissections.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
From genotype to phenotype
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn about the links between the genetic makeup of an individual and the development of its morphology, physiology, and lifestyle. The focus will be on understanding the links between the information carried by the genome and the life cycle of the organism under consideration, through the cellular characteristics corresponding to the expression of the genetic information. These data will be placed in an evolutionary framework and will shed light on some major evolutionary transitions, particularly in metazoans.
Functional ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The functional ecology course aims to provide a solid foundation in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and in particular the role played by living organisms in the flow of matter within them. The main processes covered are primary production, consumption and in particular herbivory, and the process of decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter. For each of these processes, particular attention is paid to (1) the link between the strategies of the organisms and their function in the ecosystem, and (2) basing the presentation of concepts on field observations, highlighting characteristics of the organisms or the ecosystem that students might encounter during a field trip.
This UE is thus inserted between a broader presentation of ecology in S1 (HLBE304) and brings notions necessary to the UE of L3 of ecology of the communities.
Emphasis is placed on practical aspects, notably through a series of group assignments, where a simple but scientifically relevant hypothesis will be tested experimentally using an appropriate protocol.
Quantification of the hazard
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a natural continuation of the "Description of variability" course presented in S3. Its aim is to provide the concepts and methods underpinning modern biostatistics, i.e. the quantification of randomness, which is an omnipresent issue in the life sciences. This course will provide an introduction to inferential statistics: parametric and non-parametric tests, linear regression, analysis of variance. Particular attention will be paid to the conditions of application of these methods, as well as to the notions of type I and II errors, power, replication and confidence intervals. Each notion will be illustrated by analysis of real and diversified biological data, contributing to the biostatistical culture useful for training critical thinking with regard to scientific results. In addition to training in this reference language and the statistical tools it implements, practical work in R will enable students to understand what they have learned in class and apply the methods presented.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Earth materials
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to introduce the concepts and tools necessary to observe and describe minerals and magmatic and metamorphic rocks and to understand their genesis. The course will begin with an introduction to the concepts of mineralogy (crystallography, crystallochemistry) and the tools needed to identify the minerals that make up magmatic and metamorphic rocks. You will then study the structure and nature of the mantle as well as the processes involved from the formation of magmas to the eruption of magmatic rocks: partial melting processes, crystallization, crustal assimilation, magmatic mixing. You will learn to distinguish the different magmatic series by their chemical compositions and physical properties. The link between eruptive processes, hazards and volcanic risks will also be discussed. In a third part, we will introduce the main variables (pressure, temperature, time) and the different geodynamic contexts of metamorphism. We will see the different metamorphic facies, structures and textures of metamorphic rocks, and you will learn to recognize mineral reactions and interpret them in terms of metamorphic evolution.
The coupled study of magmatic and metamorphic rocks will provide the basis for understanding issues related to the geodynamics of the inner Earth, geochemical cycles, mineral resources ...
History of plants and natural environments
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The UE approaches the history of plants, on the one hand in a diachronic way, by studying each of the great geological periods (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic), and on the other hand, in a transversal way, by deepening certain methods of study of the paleoenvironments (macroflora, palynology, climate, geochemistry, biomechanics).
After an introductory lecture, the lectures present the history of plants by major geological period (Lecture 2 - 3: Paleozoic; Lecture 4 - 5: Mesozoic; Lecture 6 - 8: Cenozoic) and cross-cutting approaches (Lecture 9 - 10: Isotope geochemistry; Lecture 11 - 12: Biomechanics).
The practical exercises illustrate, on the basis of the study of fossil records, examples of paleoenvironmental reconstitution: Practical exercise 1, Paleozoic macroflora (Graissessac); Practical exercise 2-3, Early Pleistocene macroflora (Bernasso); Practical exercise 4, Recent Pleistocene pollen (La Gourre); Practical exercise 5, Holocene geochemistry.
Ecophysiology of Aquatic Organisms
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand the mechanisms used by organisms to cope with the constraints of the aquatic environment. Using animal (mollusks, crustaceans, fish) and plant (macro- and microalgae, aquatic angiosperms) models, this course will address the different dimensions of the adaptive biology of organisms, ranging from acclimatization and adaptation to change, to physiological limits and optimization of phenotypic traits in response to environmental constraints. This EU aims to study:
- major concepts and approaches in ecophysiology ;
- ecophysiological responses (from gene expression to organism performance and behavior) using various aquatic ecosystems (intertidal, estuarine, polar, cavernicolous and abyssal) as examples;
- the integration of structure-function relationships in a given environmental context.
On a practical level, this course will allow students to study the functioning of organisms through simple physiological measurements and to learn how to set up experiments. Presentations of scientific articles chosen by the teachers will complete the knowledge acquired in class.
Eukaryotes Parasites
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course presents the biology of eukaryotic parasitic organisms, taking into account their diversity. We will deal with unicellulars as well as vertebrates.
In addition to the physiological, anatomical and morphological aspects, a great deal of attention will be paid to the description of their life cycles, which imperatively require a transmission phase to an obligatory host.
Naturalist Specialization 1
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective is to provide students with knowledge on the biology, ecology and evolution of three taxonomic groups in question. Beyond the identification of species (which will be largely addressed), this course will deal with the evolution and systematics of the taxonomic group in question, fundamental ecology (evolutionary and functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation), physiology, legislation as well as methods of study and identification.
After a general introduction course, 2 axes of work will be proposed in parallel. One will focus on the Mediterranean flora, the other on the fauna (amphibians, reptiles and birds).
Flora
The French Mediterranean region contains more than 2/3 of the richness of the flora of metropolitan France. This course is an introduction to this exceptional diversity and to the underlying mechanisms. It is designed to enable students to 1. describe a plant in order to identify useful characteristics and 2. use different identification tools and understand their strengths and limitations. The teaching will integrate innovative pedagogical approaches, by coupling the use of traditional tools (paper flora) and digital tools (FloreNum, PlantNet), in order to allow a learning adapted to the knowledge of the student (from the beginner to the informed amateur). The identification of species will constitute a basis to study their biology, their ecology and to approach the concepts of evolution and phylogeny. For this, workshops will be conducted in parallel with the practical sessions: 1. construction of a morphological classification to be compared with the classical classifications (morphological and phylogenetic), 2. introduction to the ecology of species through a habitat approach, and 3. diachronic study of developmental biology by monitoring the growth of wild species planted under controlled conditions.
Animals
The objective is for the student to acquire/improve a body of knowledge on the biology of birds, amphibians and reptiles, which constitute models of choice in fundamental ecology (ethology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation biology) and environmental education/teaching. Beyond the identification of species, this axis of work will deal with the evolution and systematics of these taxa, their physiology, their ecological and behavioral particularities.
Each group (Fauna - Flora) will have at its disposal 12 hours of field trips (half of which will be common to both groups) to be carried out according to modalities to be defined (4 half-day trips, or 2 long one-day trips). The practical work could be set up on sites of the university (university campus - Labex CEMEB experimental field at the CEFE - Botanical Garden) favourable to the study of the various organisms.
Cross-cutting concept
The UE is organized around a notion common to both groups of practical work which, through a reversed class, will allow to start from the observed species in order to identify central concepts in conservation biology. In S4, the distribution (chorology) and the notion of rarity at different spatial scales will be addressed. These notions will support methodological questions concerning the estimation of the abundance of organisms. For this, the students will present at the end of the sequence a taxon of their choice, among those proposed in the UE, which illustrates the notion of distribution.
Basics of conservation biology and physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of the course is to link knowledge of biology and physiology with demography and population evolution. This approach aims to lay the groundwork for conservation biology, by providing elements to predict how organisms and populations of animals and plants respond to ecosystem changes and stressors.
Educational forms:
Tutorials in the form of presentation and discussion of scientific data or in a "reversed" form with interventions of small groups, projects by groups in autonomy, analyses of concrete cases of restoration;
TD1 : presentation of the UE : concepts, activities, pedagogical forms. Establishment of the program of the reversed TD
TD2: Ecophysiology and environmental physiology (definitions); case studies (invasive species, reintroductions, ecological management)
TD3: Analysis of the consequences of major pollution (marine and terrestrial), ecological engineering, passive and active biomonitoring tools.
TD4 to 16: In a "reversed" form (students in an "active" position, complements by the teacher), a series of interventions aiming at setting up
- the links between biology and life strategy on the one hand and life history traits on the other, taking several characteristic examples (animal and plant species, generalist/specialist species, rare - types of rarity - or widespread or even invasive species);
- the construction of the demography of a population
- changes in the demographics of a population as a result of various disturbances, including long-term disturbances affecting the population's ability to change.
Two TD sessions (3h in total): analysis of different conservation and biomonitoring strategies taking into account knowledge of organism physiology as well as ecological and behavioral particularities. Research & analysis of documents, synthesis and restitution of studies in oral discussion
Practical work: plant ecophysiological analyses, animal ecophysiological analyses with non-invasive approaches (behavior, physiological and bioenergetic analyses).
Modeling of the living world: theory
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Diversity of plants
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The EU deals with the different groups of plants ("algae", "cryptogams", spermatophytes), specifying for each of them their position and their phylogenetic nature (mono- or paraphyletic group), their origin and their specificities on the morpho-anatomical, reproductive and ecological levels
4 CMs present the different groups of plants: CM1, diversity of "algae"; CM2, biological cycles of "algae"; CM3, "cryptogams"; CM4, Spermatophytes.
6 TDs deal with transversal notions based on oral or written exercises: TD1, Biological cycles; TD2, Endosymbiosis; TD3, Interactions; TD4, Adaptation; TD5, Polyploidy; TD6, Phylogeny.
6 practical exercises illustrate the concepts covered in the lectures and practical exercises with living material: TP1, "algae "1 ; TP2, "algae "2 ; TP3, "bryophytes" ; TP4, "pteridophytes" ; TP5, Gymnosperms, vegetative apparatus ; TP6, Gymnosperms, reproduction.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Biochemistry Techniques
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. This course focuses more on the practical aspect. The principles of the usual biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, protein determination techniques by spectrophotometry, Western Blot/Elisa, ...) will be treated in class and then experiments related to these techniques will be carried out in practical work. It will be necessary to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed during the lab.
Health: The big issues
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a general culture course that will deal with many current topics related to human health. This course will address, in the form of mini seminars of 1h30, a wide variety of topics, with a pragmatic and critical approach. The numerous speakers of this course will bring their expertise on subjects such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, food, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neurosciences, emerging diseases or therapeutic treatments of today and tomorrow. Each presentation will not only provide cutting-edge knowledge and critical analysis of their subjects, but will also guide students in searching and filtering scientific information in order to fight misinformation. On the major human health issues of the 21st century, we will address the real questions, the false polemics, as well as the solutions we can bring to them.
Biological investigations
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It deals with different aspects of biomarkers :
Molecular markers / techniques of identification by genomic analysis in medicine and agronomy.
1) Concept of polymorphism and detection technique: The RFLP / ER-probe nucleic acid
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic analyses of polymorphism: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods
Studies of examples of application in the food industry:
- study of the diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of the freshness of fish by determination of histamine (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.
2.3) Their usefulness for the different fields of investigation in research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions
4) HPLC and FPLC and Gas Chromatography.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Health: The big issues
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a general culture course that will deal with many current topics related to human health. This course will address, in the form of mini seminars of 1h30, a wide variety of topics, with a pragmatic and critical approach. The numerous speakers of this course will bring their expertise on subjects such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, food, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neurosciences, emerging diseases or therapeutic treatments of today and tomorrow. Each presentation will not only provide cutting-edge knowledge and critical analysis of their subjects, but will also guide students in searching and filtering scientific information in order to fight misinformation. On the major human health issues of the 21st century, we will address the real questions, the false polemics, as well as the solutions we can bring to them.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In-depth study of cellular and molecular biology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to deepen in small groups the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in the BMC2 and BMC3 courses by approaching them through more concrete notions. The lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to simply explain the main scientific approaches and to learn how to analyze and interpret the results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: transcription and translation in vitro and study of interaction by GST-pull down). The practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, construction of expression vectors, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Biochemistry Techniques
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. This course focuses more on the practical aspect. The principles of the usual biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, protein determination techniques by spectrophotometry, Western Blot/Elisa, ...) will be treated in class and then experiments related to these techniques will be carried out in practical work. It will be necessary to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed during the lab.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In-depth study of cellular and molecular biology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to deepen in small groups the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in the BMC2 and BMC3 courses by approaching them through more concrete notions. The lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to simply explain the main scientific approaches and to learn how to analyze and interpret the results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: transcription and translation in vitro and study of interaction by GST-pull down). The practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, construction of expression vectors, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Basic computer concepts and tools: PIX
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Computer base:
1- Information and data
Conducting research and monitoring information (search engine, social networks...)
Manage data (file manager, databases...)
Process data (spreadsheet)
2- Communication and collaboration
Interact (e-mail, video-conferencing, etc.)
Share and publish (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)
Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)
Enter the digital world (develop a public presence on the web...)
3- Content creation
Develop text documents (word processing, presentation...)
Develop multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing...)
Adapt documents to their purpose (format conversion tools...)
Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)
4- Protection and security
Secure the digital environment (protection software, encryption...)
Protect personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)
Protecting health, well-being and the environment
5- Environment and digital
Solve technical problems (software configuration and maintenance...)
Build a digital environment (operating system, installation of new software...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Basic computer concepts and tools: PIX
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Computer base:
1- Information and data
Conducting research and monitoring information (search engine, social networks...)
Manage data (file manager, databases...)
Process data (spreadsheet)
2- Communication and collaboration
Interact (e-mail, video-conferencing, etc.)
Share and publish (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)
Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)
Enter the digital world (develop a public presence on the web...)
3- Content creation
Develop text documents (word processing, presentation...)
Develop multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing...)
Adapt documents to their purpose (format conversion tools...)
Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)
4- Protection and security
Secure the digital environment (protection software, encryption...)
Protect personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)
Protecting health, well-being and the environment
5- Environment and digital
Solve technical problems (software configuration and maintenance...)
Build a digital environment (operating system, installation of new software...)
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In-depth study of cellular and molecular biology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to deepen in small groups the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in the BMC2 and BMC3 courses by approaching them through more concrete notions. The lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to simply explain the main scientific approaches and to learn how to analyze and interpret the results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: transcription and translation in vitro and study of interaction by GST-pull down). The practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, construction of expression vectors, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms in their environment. These microorganisms act alone or in community. They can have negative or positive effects on plants, their growth, their nutrition, their health. In this module, we will present the different forms that these biotic interactions can take (symbioses, parasitism-pathogenicity) based on popular biological models (mycorrhizal or nitrogen-fixing symbioses, diseases caused by different microorganisms). It will also be an opportunity to present emerging concepts in the field such as the microbiome or the holobiont.
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously in different areas of microbiology, particularly in microbial ecology.
It will deal with pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will address the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and the associated resistance phenomena and their impact.
The EU will approach the notion of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be treated more specifically and the mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infections in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
The knowledge on microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, the yeast.
The practical work will focus on the realization of an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on the titration of bacteriophages.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Biological investigations
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It deals with different aspects of biomarkers :
Molecular markers / techniques of identification by genomic analysis in medicine and agronomy.
1) Concept of polymorphism and detection technique: The RFLP / ER-probe nucleic acid
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic analyses of polymorphism: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods
Studies of examples of application in the food industry:
- study of the diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of the freshness of fish by determination of histamine (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.
2.3) Their usefulness for the different fields of investigation in research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions
4) HPLC and FPLC and Gas Chromatography.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Basic computer concepts and tools: PIX
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Computer base:
1- Information and data
Conducting research and monitoring information (search engine, social networks...)
Manage data (file manager, databases...)
Process data (spreadsheet)
2- Communication and collaboration
Interact (e-mail, video-conferencing, etc.)
Share and publish (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)
Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)
Enter the digital world (develop a public presence on the web...)
3- Content creation
Develop text documents (word processing, presentation...)
Develop multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing...)
Adapt documents to their purpose (format conversion tools...)
Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)
4- Protection and security
Secure the digital environment (protection software, encryption...)
Protect personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)
Protecting health, well-being and the environment
5- Environment and digital
Solve technical problems (software configuration and maintenance...)
Build a digital environment (operating system, installation of new software...)
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Membrane transfer
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The EU Membrane transfers (semester 4) aims at describing the role and the different types of membrane transfers. Membrane permeability (i) to water (osmosis; water transfer mechanisms; aquaporins); (ii) to ions and solutes (factors affecting ion exchange: electroneutrality and osmotic equilibrium) will be covered. Transporters; ionic and non-ionic channels. Genetic diseases related to transfers: channelopathies and co-transportopathies.
Neurobiology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The "Neurobiology" course covers the basic knowledge of the functioning of the nervous system and its organization. This course presents the anatomy of the central nervous system and specifies the main functions of the different structures. This course also covers cellular neurobiology in which the fundamentals of neuronal physiology are covered. The practical sessions deepen certain important points and propose exercises related to the lectures
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.
The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied:
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment
The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of the EU (max 10 lines):
The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Basics of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module should enable students to acquire:
Basic notions in Physiology : Concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the Internal Environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Basic concepts in Immunology:
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Fluid biophysics
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (about 1/3) of the module will deal with (biological) processes with a time evolution described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications to the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, ...).
The second part (about 2/3) of the module will introduce the notions of fluid and pressure, and present the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters in the module :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Chemistry Agro Vet
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit is a specific UE of the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive examination. It completes and ends the chemistry courses of L1 and S3.
The teaching will be dedicated to the correction of exam annals and to training through regular tests.
The following courses will be taught in parallel:
In Organic Chemistry
Functional Organic Chemistry as per the progress of the HAV310C program.
Carbonyl derivatives, aldehydes and ketones Part 2
Acids and acid derivatives
Some biomolecules (sugars, amino acids) and multi-step synthesis
Regular training on competition subjects
In Physical and General Chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics and physical chemistry as advanced in the HAV310C program
Training on competition-type subjects
- Chemical kinetics
- Reaction mechanisms
Solution chemistry
- Electron transfer in aqueous phase
- Complexes in aqueous solution
Food-Nutrition-Health
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the center of interest of an increasingly large public, the objective of this EU is the establishment of benchmarks for food consumption with a scientific approach.
This course will introduce the basics of food and nutrition through the description of nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. Some food processes and technologies will also be discussed.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is offered to L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can contribute to the current and future challenges of sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and transform multiple resources and services: food products for humans or livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions and its impact on the environment is likely to be reversed, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). It is therefore important, for this production of resources to be sustainable, that its organization (notion of agronomy) integrates the knowledge of these impacts and relies on the understanding of the properties of plants and microorganisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants, contribute greatly to these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Chemistry of the living
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys': from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings. This course will thus highlight, through different examples, the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neurosciences, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology and will help students to pursue their studies in the appropriate fields of Animal Physiology and Neurosciences/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1,5h CM + 3hTD): Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small exercises to extract information in bash/shell. Element used for the analysis of alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): know the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Know how to make relevant and efficient queries, exploit, sort, description of the different formats
3- Sequence analysis (1,5hCM + 4,5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a small introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE of S4 allows students to consolidate and deepen the bases of molecular and cellular biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: The teaching will focus on 4 major themes: 1) The functioning of the cell cytoskeleton, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation for the detection of protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to follow the dynamics of cell distribution, evaluation of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring in semester 3 knowledge concerning the mechanisms of transcription and translation, we will approach the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the bases of the mechanisms of regulation of expression in eukaryotes.
Interview preparation for competitive exams
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is intended for students of L2 Life Sciences preparing the B competitive entrance exam to the national schools of agronomy and veterinary medicine (Parcours Prépa Concours Agro Véto). This exam includes a 30-minute oral test with the jury, which counts for half of the admission grade. This test corresponds to a recruitment interview, during which the student must convince the jury of the maturity of his or her professional project and the coherence of his or her training path to achieve this project.
The objective of this course is to prepare for this type of recruitment interview (content and form) by guiding the students' thinking and work on
- the arguments concerning the professional project on the one hand, and their training, aptitudes and aspirations on the other, and the coherence between these two aspects
- the transmission of this argument in writing through an adapted CV
- the clear, synthetic and organized presentation of this argument during the oral presentation (first part of the interview)
- the answer to the jury's questions
Oral preparation Sciences and Societies
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Science and technology are, more than ever, at the heart of our societies. Many of them are sources of ethical, societal and economic issues. Some of them are major societal issues, both in terms of health (GMOs, pesticides, stem cells, etc.) and the environment (loss of biodiversity, climate change).
We will rely on articles published in daily and weekly newspapers on scientific issues with societal stakes. The aim is first to present the article and the theme at stake, the author's position. Secondly, through the opening of a debate, students will develop their argumentation skills, their ability to listen and to respect the various points of view. This course also allows students to prepare for the Science & Society test of the PCAV B exam.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes, both at the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Based on examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim at presenting in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the various systems of the organism that contribute to maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Chemistry written test training
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit is a specific UE of the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive examination. It completes and ends the chemistry courses of L1 and S3.
The teaching will be dedicated to the correction of exam annals and to training through regular tests.
The following courses will be taught in parallel:
In Organic Chemistry
Functional Organic Chemistry as per the progress of the HAV310C program.
Carbonyl derivatives, aldehydes and ketones Part 2
Acids and acid derivatives
Some biomolecules (sugars, amino acids) and multi-step synthesis
Regular training on competition subjects
In Physical and General Chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics and physical chemistry as advanced in the HAV310C program
Training on competition-type subjects
- Chemical kinetics
- Reaction mechanisms
Solution chemistry
- Electron transfer in aqueous phase
- Complexes in aqueous solution
Genetics 1
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their application in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical and molecular genetics.
Classification and diversity in APA
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional Biology of Animals in PPA
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry in PPA
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional Biology of Plants in PPA
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Statistics and variability in APA
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Interactions in Biology in PPA
ECTS
14 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Pre-professionalization 2 in Biology
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Statistics and modeling in APA
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Coherent grouping 1 UE Scientifiques Semestre 3
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Modeling physicochemical systems
ECTS
2.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Modeling physicochemical systems EC/CC
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical systems modeling Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Microbiology 1
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.
Biochemistry S3
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.
Chemistry for Biologists 2
Level of study
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Immunology-Hematology
ECTS
3.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Basics of Pharmacology
ECTS
1.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Basics of Pharmacology Oral/Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology TP
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 3
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Communication and general culture in English
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Generalities in Pharmaceutical Industry and Quality
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
General information on the pharmaceutical industry
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Consistent grouping of 2 Scientific UE Semester 4
ECTS
24 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Clinical biology practices
ECTS
3.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical biophysics
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical biophysics TP Reports
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biocellular and Biomol and Health Engineering
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical approaches to pharmaceutical substances
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical approaches to pharmaceutical substances. Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physico-chemical approach to pharmaceutical substances TP
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Metabolic biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course will allow students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will allow them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-The understanding of bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells carry, transmit, use, store and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Statistics and Health Engineering
ECTS
2.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Statistics and Health Engineering Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Statistics and Health Engineering Practical or Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Structural Biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course offers an in-depth study of the structural biochemistry of biomolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids.
The basic notions and nomenclature used for the analysis of 3D structures of proteins are briefly reviewed (Ramachandran diagram, structural motif and domain, folding, family, superfamily, etc......). These notions are completed by the study of the stability and dynamics of biomolecules.
The structural classification of proteins is detailed according to the 4 main folding types. Structure-function relationships are illustrated with examples of proteins. The specificities of membrane protein structures (integral proteins, membrane-bound proteins) are discussed.
The main tools for modeling and predicting secondary and tertiary structures are presented.
The different structures and functions of nucleic acids are studied. Protein-nucleic acid complexes are described from a structural point of view (main recognition motifs, ...) and the notions of recognition specificity are detailed.
This teaching is illustrated by tutorials. These works consist in getting familiar with the main databases used in structural biology as well as with the PyMol software for the analysis of 3D structures.
Regulations / Legislation
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of the UE is to bring the students to understand the tripartite between security - legislation - detection tools. Human activity to meet the needs of growth, welfare and health of populations requires the monitoring of industrial practices. Rules of limit levels of pollutants and others imply acceptable limits that must be able to quantify.
The EU deals with the European laws on food safety which imply pragmatic approaches to compliance with the laws of the industries: the normative system. The student of biology who will be led to the different sectors of activity, from agronomy to health, must know the fundamental bases of quality management.
Immunology (from the response to infections to autoimmune diseases)
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the logical continuation of the S4 course (Basics of physiology and immunology) and aims to deepen the knowledge of fundamental, applied and clinical immunology. We will also approach the notions of "unconventional" immunology and we will develop the strategies of innovative immunotherapies. This course will cover all the topics related to modern immunology and will be strongly oriented towards the clinical aspects of this discipline.
Key words
Fundamental immunology, Anti-infectious immunity, Immunotherapy, Vaccination, Autoimmunity, Immune deficiencies, Anti-cancer immunity, Non-conventional immunity
Innovative approaches in metabolic engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will conduct bibliographic research on a selection of medicinal plants during tutorials in order to identify the biomolecules of the plant that may have biological or pharmacological properties. Each group will use documents provided to them to identify, propose and implement an extraction protocol and a simple biological activity test protocol to test the biostatic, antibiotic or antioxidant activity of the targeted molecules. The bibliographic monitoring approach and the results obtained during the practical work, as well as their analysis and interpretation, will be discussed during a poster presentation session, which will result in an evaluation.
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Introduction to Nano-Biotechnologies
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course introduces the basic concepts of nanobiotechnologies dedicated to diagnosis and detection.
1- Introduction to biosensors and embedded systems
The different types of electrochemical sensors (conductimetry, potentiometry and amperometry): - Biosensors from the Clark electrode to the amperometric glucose meter. - The potentiostat: simple system of standardized measurement
- Transistors: semiconductors
- carbon nanotubes or wires, silicon, graphene, ...
- Impedance measurement
2- Introduction to biomimicry
- Self-assembly of spherical structure; viruses, ferritin, dendrimers
- Self-assembly of monolayers
3- Functional organic chemistry
- L1 organic chemistry reminder
- Biomolecules (involved functions, carbonyl, amines, alcohols, thiols)
- Structures
- Basic concept of functionalization
- Oxidation-reduction reaction
Biotechnology S5
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit covers the different categories of biotechnologies according to their field of application:
- Plant biotechnologies concern the agri-food industry and include a series of technologies using the organism of plants and their cells to produce and transform food products, biomaterials and energy, but also recombinant proteins for therapeutic purposes
- Animal biotechnologies concern the fields of health, medicine, diagnosis, tissue engineering as well as the development of genetic or molecular processes with a therapeutic purpose.
- Microbial biotechnologies concern the use of micro-organisms (viruses or bacteria) and their cultivation within the agro-food/pharmaceutical industry or their interest in environmental protection.
The teaching offered to students in the Bachelor 3 Life Sciences is to enable them to discover or deepen their theoretical knowledge of the various biotechnologies as well as to master the associated tools/applications.
History of biology and bioethics
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
The main goal of this module will be to provide a better understanding of the major concepts of modern biology, through the history of their development. In other words, to analyze the intellectual path as well as the experimental and theoretical approaches that led to their construction. For example, we will analyze how the search for a "natural" classification led Jean-Baptiste Monet de Lamarck and Charles Darwin to lay the foundations of evolutionary biology or how the concept of "unity of organization plan" by Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire is at the origin of evolutionary paleontology, developmental biology and evolution/development (Evo/Devo).
Within the framework of bioethical aspects, the problems of the drift of a concept (from craniology to eugenics) or the cases of "Georges Cuvier" and "Trophim Lyssenko" when religious or political ideology interferes with science will be addressed.
Finally, biological philosophy will lead us to discuss the interest of models in biology and the "end of the genetic whole" (from Lamarck to epigenetics through epigenesis).
The whole module will be done through lectures during which some founding texts of modern biology will also be analyzed and discussed.
Practical work in Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The molecular biology laboratory course aims to make students autonomous in the face of a molecular biology protocol and to introduce them to hypothesis-driven research. The students will have 6 days to answer a biological problem which will be proposed to them. They will thus be able to put into practice, under laboratory conditions, some of the techniques they have learned in their theoretical courses to better understand them.
Molecular Engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn experimental principles based on nucleic acid manipulation. The lectures will be articulated around two major axes:
- Implementation of molecular tools (cloning, nucleic acid analysis, vectorology) ii. Their applications (expression of recombinant proteins, genomic banking, transgenesis, CRISPR/CAS9 system etc...) and reflection on the notion of ethics in biology.
TDs will consist of:
- Analysis of articles presenting problems to be solved with the knowledge acquired in the course. The chosen themes will, as much as possible, refer to the parallel UE of the L3. These articles will be presented by the students in the form of oral presentations by groups of 3 to 4 students to the whole class.
- Sessions reserved for the use of basic bioinformatics tools in the computer room.
Molecular tools dedicated to detection and diagnosis
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of the course is to review the molecular techniques of identification with emphasis on biomarkers, advances in the latest generations of biomarkers and selective membranes as well as new instrumentations.
Molecular diagnostic techniques / massive approaches.
Biosynthesis of B cell and T cell Ag receptors
Antigen-antibody reactions
Immunological techniques
Principle of FACS
Proteomics, 2D, LC-MS, MS-MS. Degradome...
Biosensors and instrumentation
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The course provides a deeper understanding of the design of biosensors. It begins to give the general notions of grafting chemistry for the functionalization of supports. Finally, an introduction to microfluidics will lead the students to design the instrumentation. This teaching will be essentially a practical application with a real bibliographic research that will allow the student to work on his own project of instrumental development.
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
Virology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to acquire knowledge of fundamental and applied virology, with an emphasis on an integrative vision of the discipline. It will present the specificities of host-virus interactions and the pathophysiology of viral infections in different types of hosts (vertebrates/insects/plants). It will address aspects of viral ecology, emergence and associated risks for human and animal health. Finally, the course will present the study methods used in research, virological detection and diagnosis tools, and the applications of viruses in biotechnologies.
The course will consist of lectures, tutorials (analysis of current scientific articles and oral presentations) and practical work illustrating the lectures and tutorials (virus amplification and purification and quantification using reference techniques).
Structural Biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course offers an in-depth study of the structural biochemistry of biomolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids.
The basic notions and nomenclature used for the analysis of 3D structures of proteins are briefly reviewed (Ramachandran diagram, structural motif and domain, folding, family, superfamily, etc......). These notions are completed by the study of the stability and dynamics of biomolecules.
The structural classification of proteins is detailed according to the 4 main folding types. Structure-function relationships are illustrated with examples of proteins. The specificities of membrane protein structures (integral proteins, membrane-bound proteins) are discussed.
The main tools for modeling and predicting secondary and tertiary structures are presented.
The different structures and functions of nucleic acids are studied. Protein-nucleic acid complexes are described from a structural point of view (main recognition motifs, ...) and the notions of recognition specificity are detailed.
This teaching is illustrated by tutorials. These works consist in getting familiar with the main databases used in structural biology as well as with the PyMol software for the analysis of 3D structures.
Enzymology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides the fundamental knowledge in formal and structural enzymology.
- The first part of this course deals with formal kinetics (study of reaction rates, determination of the order of a reaction, equilibrium and kinetics, reversible and balanced reaction). Experimental aspects are presented in parallel (determination of kinetic constants by spectrophotometry, fluorescence, radioactivity, immunoassays,...).
- The second part of the course concerns the study of single-substrate enzymatic kinetics.
Definition of an enzyme, catalyst. Nomenclature of enzymes (E.C)
Michaelian kinetics. Michaelis-Menten equation. Definition of the enzymatic parameters,KM, maximum speed, catalytic constant, turn-over. Different graphical representations (Lineweaer-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee).
The different types of inhibition are also studied (competitive, incompetent, non-competitive, mixed) as well as their graphic representation.
Determination of the inhibition constancy. Irreversible inhibitors.
Speed of the reaction. Arrhenius law.
- The third part focuses on describing multi-substrate enzymatic kinetics from a formal point of view. With ternary complex. Random or ordered mechanism.
Without ternary complex. Ping-Pong mechanism, Theorell-Chance. Cleland's representation.
Graphical determination.
- The fourth part concerns equilibrium bonds and allostery.
Receptor-Ligand / Enzyme-Substrate binding. Determination of the dissociation (or association) constant. Specific and non-specific binding.
Demonstration and graphical representation of Scatchard. Allosteric receptors (or enzymes). Non-Michaelian enzyme. Notion of cooperativity. Positive and negative cooperativity. Hill number, Hill graph.
Models of allosteric regulation are presented. Allostery. Cooperativity models, concerted (Monod-Wyman-Changeux), sequential (Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer). Role of effectors, activator or inhibitor. Example of hemoglobin and oxygen fixation.
- The fifth part of the course relates enzyme structures to their function using several examples. Description of the 3D structures and catalytic mechanisms of acetylcholine esterase, proteases and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Notion of catalytic triad, binding pocket, etc...
Communication Techniques and Scientific English
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course describes the methodology used by researchers in the life sciences to communicate the results of their experiments, both in writing and orally. As English is the common language of international researchers, a large part of this course is taught in this language.
Written communication is addressed through the study of the structuring (macro) of a research article as well as through a study of the publication process in scientific journals. Several elements of written structuring (micro) are examined in order to understand the differences between scientific and literary English: clarity, cohesion, coherence.
These studies are complemented by a tutored project during the semester during which students are required to analyze a recently published research article in the scientific literature and to transcribe it into an oral presentation (conference) in English.
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Functional genetics
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional genetics aims to better understand the relationships between genotype and phenotype. This course integrates the different aspects of the analysis of gene and genome function at the whole genome level by in vivo approaches, as well as transcriptional regulation and expression regulation of eukaryotic genomes. The course is illustrated by concrete examples in developmental genetics in physiological and pathological contexts.
Integrated Cellular Metabolism
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course allows students to deepen their knowledge of metabolism. This UE allows to apprehend a global vision of the human metabolism. It will insist on the links between the different metabolic pathways. It will also show how the different tissues communicate to maintain a global energy homeostasis. Deregulations of this metabolism at the origin of certain pathologies will be presented.
Structural Biology and Interactions
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the Structural Biochemistry course in S5. Students will learn the basic concepts of the different approaches used for multiscale structural characterization and macromolecular interaction analysis. The advantages and limitations of all the tools will be highlighted so that students can understand the complementarity of these tools and know how to use them in an integrative way to answer a given biological question.
The tutorials will be a mix of structural analysis applications using visualization tools (Pymol type) as well as article analysis using a combination of the approaches studied in class. The students will then have to conceptualize their own experimental project to answer a given problem.
Mathematics for biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The course provides a synthetic approach to the notions necessary for mathematical modeling in biology. The focus is on linear and non-linear dynamical systems, in dimension one and two. The course begins with essential notions of linear algebra: matrices, systems of linear equations, geometric interpretation of the solutions of these systems as vectors and subspaces (line, plane, etc.). The theory of vectors and eigenvalues of matrices is introduced in relation to linear dynamical systems. For nonlinear dynamical systems, the qualitative theory of differential equations (attractors, phase portrait, zero-level isoclines) is presented, as an alternative to the often complicated calculation of solutions. The course covers a large number of biological models used in ecology, epidemiology, oncology, and systems biology.
Practical work in biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course allows students to consolidate and deepen the practical management of numerous experimental data obtained during a week of practical work in a blocked period (5 consecutive days). These data are obtained following the elaboration of many different protocols, keeping in mind to ensure the best reproducibility of the preparations carried out and to have the best speed of execution in the preparation, the realization and the analysis of the various experiments. A large autonomy in the setting up of protocols will be encouraged, allowing in the long run experimental control and autonomy. This practical work also allows the management of group work (in pairs or in triads according to the capacity of reception and the number of students) and the writing of a report recording the protocols carried out, all the experimental data obtained and their analysis in order to determine a large set of biochemical parameters. A significant part of the evaluation will be based on the students' ability to generate, manage, exploit and analyze raw experimental data with the greatest rigor.
Molecular Engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn experimental principles based on nucleic acid manipulation. The lectures will be articulated around two major axes:
- Implementation of molecular tools (cloning, nucleic acid analysis, vectorology) ii. Their applications (expression of recombinant proteins, genomic banking, transgenesis, CRISPR/CAS9 system etc...) and reflection on the notion of ethics in biology.
TDs will consist of:
- Analysis of articles presenting problems to be solved with the knowledge acquired in the course. The chosen themes will, as much as possible, refer to the parallel UE of the L3. These articles will be presented by the students in the form of oral presentations by groups of 3 to 4 students to the whole class.
- Sessions reserved for the use of basic bioinformatics tools in the computer room.
Advanced Cell Biology 2: Key Concepts
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to complete the notions of cell biology seen in L2 in BCM2 and BCM3 through the study of physiological and pathological situations such as cancers.
These courses will introduce students to the importance of finding a study model (cell lines or organisms for in vivo study (Drosophila, C. elegans, Zebrafish) adapted to answer a question and highlight a molecular mechanism.
The lectures will allow the manipulation of advanced concepts of cell biology in connection with the knowledge of the most commonly used methodologies in cell biology such as flow cytometry, advanced techniques of fluorescence and electron microscopy, proteomics as well as the knowledge of experimental models such as cells in culture, genetically modified or not animal models (C. elegans, zebrafish, transgenic mice, KO, KI...)
Systems biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Systems biology offers the possibility of understanding the functioning of living organisms at different scales of their organization. This course will focus on the subcellular scale. At this scale, systems biology models integrate several levels of interaction from the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome. The predictions of in silico models can be used in biomedical research to understand multi-factorial diseases and optimize drug treatments, in bioengineering to synthesize genomes with optimized properties and functions (synthetic biology), as well as to guide fundamental research on the principles of the functioning of living organisms. The course consists of a theoretical part (lectures and tutorials on the modeling of gene, signaling and metabolic networks) and a practical part (computer exercises using Matlab software).
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
BioInformatics applied to plant biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Bioinformatics is a discipline at the crossroads of computer science, mathematics and life sciences. It is based in particular on the use and development of computer tools for the analysis of massive biological data. Eventually, these megadata can be organized into searchable online databases so that a user can extract data relevant to a biological problem.
The aim of the "Bioinformatics applied to plant biology" teaching unit is to make students aware of the use of databases and to offer a first approach to data mining through the R software.
Almost all the teaching will be done in the form of practical cases in the computer room in sub-groups of students.
In the first part, students will learn the basics of the R language to organize and clean their raw data in order to make them fully exploitable for further analysis. Then, they will learn how to propose explicit graphical representations from biological data. Particular attention will be given to the writing of reusable scripts and the choice of graphs associated with the calculations according to the biological question.
In a second part, students will exploit generalist databases such as NCBI or exclusively dedicated to the model plant Arabidopsis (TAIR) to perform data mining.
Innovative approaches in metabolic engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will conduct bibliographic research on a selection of medicinal plants during tutorials in order to identify the biomolecules of the plant that may have biological or pharmacological properties. Each group will use documents provided to them to identify, propose and implement an extraction protocol and a simple biological activity test protocol to test the biostatic, antibiotic or antioxidant activity of the targeted molecules. The bibliographic monitoring approach and the results obtained during the practical work, as well as their analysis and interpretation, will be discussed during a poster presentation session, which will result in an evaluation.
Plant development
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
7 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a specialization module in Functional Plant Biology that deals with the mechanisms underlying the major stages of plant development.
It is based on knowledge mainly from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and addresses from a molecular, cellular and physiological point of view, the following concepts:
- Roles and function of the main phytohormones.
- Development of male and female gametes, fertilization.
- Development of the embryo, the seed and the fruit.
- Functioning of root and stem meristems (vegetative and floral).
- Architecture of the flower.
- Mechanisms of adaptive development in response to abiotic factors: light, gravity, cold.
Some aspects of development will also be analyzed from an evolutionary perspective by studying the role of developmental genes in the diversification and evolution of developmental processes in land plants (evolution of the root system, floral architecture, ...).
Communication Techniques and Scientific English
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course describes the methodology used by researchers in the life sciences to communicate the results of their experiments, both in writing and orally. As English is the common language of international researchers, a large part of this course is taught in this language.
Written communication is addressed through the study of the structuring (macro) of a research article as well as through a study of the publication process in scientific journals. Several elements of written structuring (micro) are examined in order to understand the differences between scientific and literary English: clarity, cohesion, coherence.
These studies are complemented by a tutored project during the semester during which students are required to analyze a recently published research article in the scientific literature and to transcribe it into an oral presentation (conference) in English.
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Biotechnology S5
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit covers the different categories of biotechnologies according to their field of application:
- Plant biotechnologies concern the agri-food industry and include a series of technologies using the organism of plants and their cells to produce and transform food products, biomaterials and energy, but also recombinant proteins for therapeutic purposes
- Animal biotechnologies concern the fields of health, medicine, diagnosis, tissue engineering as well as the development of genetic or molecular processes with a therapeutic purpose.
- Microbial biotechnologies concern the use of micro-organisms (viruses or bacteria) and their cultivation within the agro-food/pharmaceutical industry or their interest in environmental protection.
The teaching offered to students in the Bachelor 3 Life Sciences is to enable them to discover or deepen their theoretical knowledge of the various biotechnologies as well as to master the associated tools/applications.
Functional genetics
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional genetics aims to better understand the relationships between genotype and phenotype. This course integrates the different aspects of the analysis of gene and genome function at the whole genome level by in vivo approaches, as well as transcriptional regulation and expression regulation of eukaryotic genomes. The course is illustrated by concrete examples in developmental genetics in physiological and pathological contexts.
Basics of agroecology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
After defining intensive agriculture and analyzing its risks/benefits, this module will allow students to reflect on the different possible ways to make agriculture evolve in an agroecological approach. Examples such as biopesticides, ecological intensification and soil management will be developed. A visit of a company working for a sustainable agriculture is also organized. The site visited varies from year to year depending on the students' wishes and the availability of the companies. Example of visits made within the framework of this module: Bayer, Vilmorin, Geves, CTIFL, sudExpé...
Licenciales.
The students will be asked to present a project or a business creation developing innovative proposals to change cultivation practices, or any other use of plant products in order to reduce the environmental impact.
Autotrophy
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
8 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course presents the main functions of carbon, mineral and water nutrition of the plant that ensure its autotrophy (the production of its biomass). It will give the necessary basis for the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of absorption, distribution and assimilation of nutrients. The course will be divided into two main parts, one dedicated to mineral nutrition and the other to carbon nutrition.
After a review of the properties of plant membranes and walls and the concepts of transmembrane transport, the part of the course dedicated to mineral nutrition will teach the mechanisms of water uptake and circulation, root uptake, subcellular compartmentalization and mineral distribution, as well as nitrogen assimilative metabolism.
The chapter dedicated to carbon nutrition will present the functioning of the chloroplast in the plant cell, photosynthesis (capture of light energy and synthesis of the first carbon compounds), the production of organic compounds and their allocation in the plant.
Green course
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
10 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a module of discovery of scientific research in fundamental or applied plant agrosciences. The student must do an internship of 10 weeks or more (which can continue over the summer) in a research laboratory (CNRS, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD), in an applied research organization such as GEVES, CTIFL, SudExpe, Serfel, IFV or in a private company such as Staphyt, AgroXp, Vilmorin. There are many internship sites in Montpellier in this field.
It is a module of insertion in the professional world allowing to enter in relation with the actors of the world of the plant Agro-Sciences giving to the student the opportunity
- to apply the techniques learned in the different courses of the Bachelor's degree course BiPAgro.
- to be confronted with the professional environment
- to develop one's own professional project and enrich one's CV
The student writes a dissertation and defends it in front of a jury composed of teacher-researchers, researchers and/or field technicians/engineers.
Plant genetic engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students learn about the different methods of plant transgenesis using biological, chemical or physical vectors, their acceptability and their applications in fields as varied as plant improvement, the production of biomolecules or therapeutic recombinant proteins. In tutorials, students are asked to document, reflect, argue and debate on transgenesis and its alternatives through a scenario related to plant improvement. In practical work, students are involved in the improvement of a protocol aimed at obtaining root hairs using the knowledge they have acquired in class.
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
Tutored projects S5
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The students will have to carry out a bibliographical analysis on a theme of their choice, validated by the persons in charge of the UE. Under the tutelage of a teacher-researcher, students will have to answer the problematic they are working on through an analysis of the available bibliography. They will have to assess the state of the art in the field they are working on, identify areas of uncertainty and controversy, and the open questions that remain to be resolved. They will have to carry out a true critical scientific analysis of the available bibliography, and not be satisfied with a report of the bibliography. They will have to follow the conventions of writing a scientific article, involving the citation of sources, the synthesis of information through illustration, the problematization and the synthesis of scientific results.
Evolutionary ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is an extension of the Basic Evolution course and introduces the main concepts of evolutionary ecology in order to understand and formalize in a simple way the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that shape biodiversity at different scales of integration.
This course is designed as a coherent whole where lectures, tutorials and practical work are complementary. The notions are approached by example and then formalized with mathematical models, which are confronted with experience and real data.
It will deal with population dynamics (intra- and interspecific competition), ecological niche and will detail the mechanisms of evolution and their genetic consequences at the population level: natural selection (including sexual selection), influence of reproduction regimes, genetic drift. The practical sessions will allow students to learn the mathematical formalization of notions seen in class and their simple computer modeling as well as the analysis of data sets. The practical exercises will allow the realization and the analysis in small groups of 2 experiments of 1 month each (with writing of a report and oral presentation) in order to develop the methodology and the scientific reasoning.
Genetic basis of evolution
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The EU is organized into five major themes:
Theme 1: Gene mapping and recombination. Concepts of molecular biology related to gene expression, DNA repair and epigenetic processes.
Theme 2: Introduction to molecular evolution: Measuring the intensity of selection in genetic divergence. Molecular clock and variation in evolutionary rates created by the action of natural selection. Neutralist theory of evolution.
Theme 3: Introduction to genomics: composition and size of genomes. Importance of repeated elements. Notion of genetic linkage and local effect of selection. Influence of demography.
Theme 4: Molecular tools for biodiversity: Barcoding, eDNA, metabarcoding. Molecular taxonomy. Limitations of hybridization. Applications in conservation.
Theme 5: Extranuclear heredity. Symbiosis, parasitism and co-evolution (intra-cellular: e.g. Wolbachia). Notion of extended phenotype.
Geology of sedimentary basins
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Genesis, nature and fate of deposits in sedimentary basins.
Cycle of 15 courses / lectures / debate and TP/TD
Content of the integrated courses (sedimentary basins, alteration of continents),
(e.g. sediment transport, detrital and carbonate environments, factors affecting sedimentation: sequence stratigraphy, diagenesis)
Organization, development and diversity of spermatophytes
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to provide students with an integrative approach to the morphology, anatomy and development of the vegetative and reproductive systems of spermatophytes, from an ecological, functional and evolutionary perspective. This approach is implemented by the students through a supervised project, centered on the study of a model plant, taking into account the inter-individual variability, the different stages of development, the stationary conditions and the biological type.
Naturalist Specialization 2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The structure of this course is similar to that developed in S4. The objective is to provide students with knowledge on the biology, ecology and evolution of three taxonomic groups in question. Beyond the identification of species (which will be largely addressed), this course will deal with the evolution and systematics of the taxonomic group in question, fundamental ecology (evolutionary and functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation), physiology, legislation, as well as study and identification methods.
After a general introduction course, 2 axes of work will be proposed in parallel. One will focus on cryptogams (algae, lichens, mosses and fungi), the other on fauna (Chiroptera & Arthropoda).
Cryptogams
The objective of this component is to familiarize students with the extremely diverse organisms that are bryophytes, phaeophytes and fungi. The principle is 1) to approach these little known diversities through a naturalistic approach, 2) to place these observations in an evolutionary perspective (phylogenetic aspects), and 3) to link the observations to the role of these organisms in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
Finally, the module will address aspects of daily life, economics or citizenship related to species (toxicology, food, medicine).
Wildlife
The objective is for the student to acquire/improve a body of knowledge on the biology of arthropods and chiropterans, which are taxonomic groups with a great deal of interest, both from the point of view of studies in fundamental ecology (ethology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology), in applied ecology (conservation biology) and in environmental education / teaching. Beyond the identification of species, this line of work will deal with the evolution and systematics of these taxa, their physiology, their ecological and behavioral particularities, their roles in ecosystems. The teaching will integrate innovative pedagogical approaches, combining the use of traditional (visual recognition) and modern (acoustic identification by software) tools. Among the Arthropods, the groups particularly approached will be the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata and Orthoptera which represent very diversified orders that will allow us to approach the notion of species which is central in biology. The identification of species will constitute a basis to study their biology, their ecology and to approach the notions of evolution and phylogeny.
Each group (Fauna - Cryptogams) will have at its disposal 12 hours of field trips (half of which will be common to both groups) to be carried out according to modalities to be defined (4 half-day trips, or 2 long one-day trips). The practical work could be set up on university sites (university campus - Labex CEMEB experimental field at the CEFE - Botanical Garden) suitable for the study of the various organisms.
Cross-cutting concept
The course is organized around a notion common to both groups of practical work which, through a reversed class, will allow to start from the observed species in order to identify central concepts in conservation biology. In S5, the notion of species (and associated entities such as subspecies, hybrids, etc.) will be widely approached, from a theoretical and practical point of view. This notion will allow to address 1. the foundations and limits of the different perspectives of the species (morphological, genetic, ecological), 2. the methodological problems related to the identification of taxa in the field and in the laboratory and 3. the problems that this generates from the point of view of species conservation. For this purpose, the students present at the end of the sequence a taxon, among those proposed in the EU, whose identification is complex.
Biology of animal behavior
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative way, in the light of Tinbergen's four 'whys', from its ontogeny to its evolution: from its ontogeny, its neurobiological causes to its evolution and its biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, the students will be accompanied in order to apprehend the diversity of the features involved as well as the diversity of the approaches and the associated scientific questionings.
Ecotoxicology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Ecotoxicology concerns the study of the effects of pollutants on living species and on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. This course aims to provide a better understanding of :
- the main types of organic and inorganic pollutants (historical or emerging), as well as their sources and the factors influencing their fate in the natural environment and in organisms
- the effects of pollutants on micro- and macro-organisms at different levels of biological integration (molecule, individual, communities),
- methods for assessing biological effects, environmental quality and ecotoxicological risk in the current European regulatory framework,
- bioremediation processes through several case studies.
Comparative animal physiology of integrated systems
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course proposed in L3S5 is the acquisition of knowledge on the organization, development and functioning of different physiological systems in animals. More specifically, the functions of circulation, thermoregulation, hormonal regulation and nervous integration will be approached according to a comparative approach (examples drawn from different taxonomic groups) and in an evolutionary context. Questions related to the bioethical aspects of animal physiology experimentation will also be addressed.
Microorganisms
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit will aim to address the elements necessary to understand the way of life of the major groups of unicellular organisms at the basis of the functioning of ecosystems (viruses, bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes ....). The courses allow us to approach the biological organization of each type of organism, the modalities of reproduction, the diversity, to lead to notions of ecology. We will approach the role of these microorganisms in the functioning and dynamics of ecosystems, by considering the interactions that these organisms maintain with other living beings (notion of "symbiosis" in all its variations).
The practical work will:
- the implementation of techniques allowing bacterial enumeration (CFU), the identification of a particular strain from an environmental sample
- highlighting the diversity of phytoplankton (unicellular algae) in aquatic environments (fresh water)
- the identification of the specificity of interactions between bacteria and bacteriophages
Diversity and evolution of present and past metazoans N3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The major objective is to learn the basics of comparative anatomy of chordates, so as to be able to compare and classify them, before tracing the key stages of their evolutionary history. The teaching is integrative in the sense that it uses both present-day organisms and the fossil record, in order to document the evolutionary history of the clade in its entirety and in all its aspects. Anatomical, biomechanical, phylogenetic, and ecomorphological approaches will be addressed in lectures in order to illustrate the diversity and major characteristics of chordates. The practical sessions (and the practical sessions) will illustrate the evolution of the diversity of the integuments, the skeleton, the musculature, the digestive and respiratory systems over long time scales.
Modelling of biological data
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a natural continuation of the course " Quantification of Hazard " (HAV424B) presented in S4. It should provide the concepts for the construction of experimental protocols that answer biological questions and to associate appropriate models for the analysis of variability. A first part will be devoted to the construction of experimental protocols that answer a multitude of questions in the life sciences, i.e. by taking into account the inevitable dependence of statistical individuals, such as pairing, spatial or temporal structure of populations. This part will thus be the occasion to approach the notion of fluctuation, replication and pseudo-replication, which will be taken into account in the models built in the second part of the course. This second part will show the link between the experimental protocol and the modeling of the variability of a quantitative response variable, through the construction of models including several qualitative or quantitative variables. Particular attention will be paid to the conditions of application of these methods, to type I and type II errors, to the methods of estimating the parameters of the models constructed (including the likelihood) and to the interpretation of the estimated parameters. Each notion will be illustrated by the analysis of real biological data from several themes, thus helping students to discover not only modern and common biological questions but also the tools developed to answer them. Practical work in R will allow students to independently perform analyses on published biological cases.
Evolutionary Ecology and its applications
ECTS
1 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Through 5 main themes, we will link the principles of evolution and evolutionary ecology seen in the previous E.U. in a fundamental way and current societal applications.
These 5 main themes are: human evolution, biodiversity conservation, domestication of animal and plant species, evolutionary medicine, major crises and global disturbances
Two sessions on the comprehension and oral restitution of scientific articles are carried out in connection with the UE "Evolutionary ecology and its applications".
Tutored projects S6
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
For semester 6, students will have the choice between 2 types of student projects: (1) the implementation of a "Science Partners for the Classroom" (ASTEP) or (2) the setting up of a Data Acquisition and Processing (DAP) protocol. For the ASTEP project, the students will carry out a scientific dissemination project with kindergarten or primary school classes in the Hérault region (scientific themes defined by the partner schools). The students will then have to develop one or more experiments to be conducted with the classes, acquire data with the pupils and disseminate the scientific notions to the pupils concerned. For the ATD project, students will have to propose a data acquisition protocol to answer a scientific question of their choice. This protocol could be conducted in the field, in the classroom, or consist of a meta-analysis.
Diversity and phylogeny of Angiosperms
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of the course is to provide an overview of the diversity of Angiosperms, approached through the prism of the most recent phylogenies proposed by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). This phylogenetic framework will be supported throughout the course by the concrete observation of vegetative and floral characters of a selection of taxa spread over the whole phylogeny, in order to identify the synapomorphies of the main clades, the possible homoplasies, as well as the adaptations (floral biology, pollination, trophic interactions, etc.)
The students also learn about the diversity of Angiosperms from a floristic point of view, by creating a herbarium of species that are generally Mediterranean. They become familiar with the use of a flora and digital tools for identification (Pl@ntNet e-Flore of Tela Botanica, etc.).
Evolutionary ecology and its applications
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Through 5 main themes, we will link the principles of evolution and evolutionary ecology seen in the previous E.U. in a fundamental way and current societal applications.
These 5 main themes are: human evolution, biodiversity conservation, domestication of animal and plant species, evolutionary medicine, and major crises and global disturbances.
Species assemblages from local to global
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The students of the general license of the University follow various introductory courses in ecology during their first two years of study. At the end of their third year, they are introduced to several fundamental concepts of adaptation of individuals to the environment and interactions between species (Concepts in Evolutionary Ecology HLBE503). In particular, they explore r/K evolutionary strategies, linking the adaptation of life cycles to disturbance regimes in natural environments. I propose to place the study of communities in continuity with these foundations, in order to illustrate the role of species' evolutionary strategies in community formation. This teaching will be based on a pedagogical sequence composed of lectures, tutorials and practical work carried out in the form of field projects.
The lectures will present the basics of community ecology in three blocks. The first will concern the definition of a community, and will approach the historical development of the discipline, through the perspectives of Gleason (1926) and Clements (1916). The second block will introduce the elements of description of communities, with the notions of diversities (alpha, beta, gamma) and their different indices. Finally, a third block will lead the students to think about the rules of assemblages in communities, through the role of evolutionary strategies r/K in successions, the notions of environmental filter and functional similarity limitation.
These courses will be held in parallel with a sequence of tutorials that will be organized according to a "data production-analysis-interpretation" scheme. First, the use of seriousgames will allow the production of data based on simplified ecological mechanisms. For this purpose, several serious games allowing to simulate communities are currently under development. These data will be collected by the students, to prepare their analysis. This analysis will take place in the form of a workshop to allow students to familiarize themselves with the calculation of diversity indices. Finally, time will be given to a return to the bibliography in order to investigate if the patterns produced through the sequence have a biological reality, and if they have been observed in nature (independent work and report).
Once the TD sequence is over, students will start setting up in situ community ecology experiments through an introduction to field ecology in the form of independent projects. Within this TP, a workshop will test Grime's (1988) competitive (C), stress tolerant (S) and ruderal (R) strategies through the analysis of plant functional traits. Simple methods have recently been published that allow individuals(let alone communities) to be placed on Grime's triangle (Pierce et al., 2017). The sequence will begin with a field trip on campus: students will choose two contrasting environments (lawns, ruderal area, woods, old wall) on which they will conduct a floristic inventory. Following this, they will take several individuals of each species to the laboratory to measure different functional traits. Once the measurements have been made, they will be able to calculate the various indices related to the CSR strategy. The sequence will conclude with a report and an oral presentation. Other workshops are currently being developed.
Field methods in ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The UE will correspond to a situation to which the students will have to respond. The teaching team of the UE will represent the directions of engineering offices which are in charge of carrying out impact studies following a development project.
The students will play the role of experts from the study offices and will have to carry out analyses on the project area. They will have to provide a report of their impact study in which they will have identified the ecological stakes which they will have classified according to their importance. They will also have to present their studies orally.
The UE will be articulated around 6 sessions of TD of 2h at the beginning of the semester during which the following points will be approached:
TD1: Presentation of the EU, presentation of what an impact study is and what is expected from such a study (this part will be carried out by a professional whose job is to verify impact studies), presentation of the status of the studied areas: ZNIEFF, Natura 2000.
TD2 to 6: Presentation of analysis methods for different groups of organisms (plants, arthropods, herpetofauna, avifauna and chiroptera, soil fauna...).
For the remainder of the EU, students will be required to propose study protocols to estimate the potential impacts of the proposed project. The protocols set up will have to allow for the closest possible assessment of the impacts and the studies will have to budget their interventions. They will then have field sessions to set up their protocol, collect data and then analyze them. The pedagogical team will tutor the groups in order to guide them in their work. They will write a thesis based on a set of specifications provided by the educational team. This deliverable must be supported by field data and data from the bibliography. They will defend their file in front of the pedagogical team during an oral presentation.
Several study areas to carry out the work have been targeted in Montpellier: Triolet Campus, Mosson River, Parc de la Vallet, Montpellier Center, Parc Méric, Rives du Lez, Garrigues de la Lauze...
Biodiversity conservation: ethics, threats, restoration
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is a first approach of Conservation Sciences according to the points of view of the various actors:
- scientific approach: basic and practical approach to conservation and restoration of populations and communities
- societal approach: role of the scientist in the management of species and ecological environments, and interactions with other conservation actors (managers, local actors)
- ethical approach: reflection on the values of biodiversity (quantifiable, preferential, normative) and their applications according to different models, placed in a historical context (mainly ecosystem services and sustainable development)
Modelling of living organisms: applications
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This introductory course will capitalize on the mathematical tools encountered throughout the bachelor's degree and particularly in the course of the Modeling of living organisms: theory (option of S4), in order to provide an overview of the different approaches and techniques for modeling living organisms. All the major families of mathematical models will be addressed: static (optimization problems, game theory) as well as dynamic (extensions of the systems seen in S4, introduction to stochastic processes). Examples of applications of these models will be diversified, covering many biological systems as well as different levels of organization (metabolic, epidemiological, meta-community models...). Particular attention will be paid to epistemological aspects (contributions of modeling to the construction of theories in life sciences) and practical aspects (identifiability, calibration, and parametric sensitivity on the one hand, numerical implementation/simulations on the other). Finally, it will be an opportunity for students to become familiar with the research themes involving modeling, developed in the Montpellier basin.
Naturalist project
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is structured according to a professional inventory approach during which students will be put in real situation to emphasize their naturalist skills. This one will consist of a field study, with mainly volume of field supervision through SPS for the project follow-up. In this, it is in line with the logic of the ex-CMI (Opus 4).
Eight groups of 5 students will work on the inventory of a specific taxon within the framework of a clearly identified scientific problem. The study area will be different from one year to the next, and will be chosen by the teaching team according to opportunities for collaboration with organizations interested in the proposed approach. The organizations approached are :
- the Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels de Languedoc Roussillon
- the Zoo du Lunaret, manager of the Lez reserve
- the metropolis of Montpellier
The feedback will consist of a common deliverable for the whole class, including a hierarchy of conservation issues. The management organizations of the studied areas will be invited to the presentations.
Paleoecology and biostratigraphy
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to acquire, reinforce and synthesize notions and knowledge in evolutionary paleontology, sedimentology and paleoecology, and apply them to the fossil world. Together, these notions provide the keys to infer the stratigraphic context and the past environments in which extinct organisms lived.
Architecture and morphogenesis of the whole plant
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Introduce students to an integrated approach of the plant by studying the morpho-anatomical characteristics of stems and roots. To make them discover the spatio-temporal coordinated construction of root and stem architectures through adaptations of Mediterranean and tropical species. Reproductive structures as well as the diversity of biological types will also be taken into account. This course is positioned as a preparation for the continuation in Master BE BioGET course and relies on the natural environment and local and regional infrastructures (Amazonian Greenhouse, Villa Thuret, Jardin Château La Pérouse).
Aquatic ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course represents an introduction to the ecology of continental freshwater and marine ecosystems, as well as to the interface environments between these two compartments, i.e. mangroves, estuaries and deltas. They will be approached both from the point of view of their structure and from the point of view of their functioning by insisting on both their common points and their differences, and on the abiotic and biotic factors which govern the organization of the communities of organisms which populate them.
They should provide an overview of these ecosystems or hydrosystems and their functioning at various scales.
The first part of the course is entirely dedicated to theoretical teachings, the second part includes introductory sessions to the field trips, the field trips themselves and the practical sessions in which the data collected in the field are analyzed and shared.
Introduction to molecular ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular tools are an integral part of studies to describe and characterize biodiversity. The course will present various molecular approaches (barcoding, metabarcoding and environmental DNA, etc.) to describe, characterize and quantify this diversity at intra- or interspecific, population or ecosystem levels, and (2) to present their fields of application at different scales of time and space. The course will include practical aspects aimed at learning about, implementing, analyzing and reporting on these techniques. Group work in interaction with researchers and teacher-researchers will be privileged.
Phylogeny of mammals
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
One of the goals of this course is to synthesize notions and knowledge acquired in animal biology (anatomy, systematics) and ecology to describe and understand the morphology and evolution of vertebrate morphologies. In addition to dealing with present-day groups, this course will focus on extinct fossil groups, especially their contribution to the understanding of the different eco-morphological adaptations (e.g. acquisition or return to aquatic life, acquisition of flight) that have marked the evolutionary history of clades.
This course also aims to provide theoretical and practical bases in phylogeny (cladistics) to trace the evolution of a clade (distance, parsimony and likelihood methods), both on molecular and phenotypic characters (present and fossil).
Adaptations to Parasitism
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Adaptations to the "parasitic" way of life are studied on all parasitic organisms (viruses, bacteria, eukaryotes) by including different scales of analysis "from molecules to populations".
Thus, the coevolution between hosts and parasites will be considered from the point of view of host-parasite molecular and cellular dialogues (immunity-escape - exploitation of host resources...) but also from the point of view of morpho-anatomical structures involved in adaptation to the infra-host site or in survival in the external environment, and finally from the point of view of behavioral adaptations for the encounter with the host (favoring).
Tools and methods for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
ORPAL is an ecology course in APP (1/3 field and 2/3 laboratory work). Based on concepts and methods of Ecology, this course aims at discovering historical ecology (study of the interactions between Man and his environment over variable chronological periods) and the main applications in paleoecology, from the definition of the problem, sampling in the field, data acquisition to the interpretation and writing of a scientific article (see https://biologie-e cologie.com/exemples-travaux/). This course is an interesting theoretical and experimental prerequisite for the ACCES, CEPAGE, PALEONTOLOGY, ECOSYSTEMS or BIOGET courses.
Meteorology, climatology and water cycle
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
- weather/climate difference
- structure of the atmosphere, radiation balance, greenhouse effect, wind circulation, depressions/anticyclones, tropical cyclones, tornadoes
- general ocean circulation (Munk, main currents, Conveyor Belt)
- geographical distribution and definition of climates
- current climate change
- global water cycle, hydrological balance, water balance, energy balance over a cultivated plot to estimate evapotranspiration
Meteorology/climatology/environment
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
16,5h
Understand the weather and know how to use the climato for an ecologist / naturalist.
- climate measurement methods, bioclimate indices;
- Computer workstation: climatic data, modern archives (century), oscillations and trends;
- weather reminders, dominant parameters: from the major biomes to the topoclimate ;
- average climate vs. extreme events, their role and impacts on biodiversity ;
- Group work (restitution): regional themes, shared oral presentation;
- past and future climate changes, their impacts on biodiversity.
Communication in science
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
At the end of this course, students will have acquired the basic knowledge required to prepare and correctly carry out a scientific communication operation adapted to a target audience, both orally and in writing. They will also be able to design educational material and awareness workshops for the general public.
Setting up of an educational project UniverlaCité device
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Universities are often perceived as inaccessible places for a large part of society. As part of the UniverlaCité program, which aims to bring the university to life in priority neighborhoods, the students will develop scientific workshops intended for a school audience in REP.
The EU will offer students the opportunity to:
1- share their own experiences and enhance the value of their knowledge acquired at the University in order to respond as best as possible to the needs of the societal context.
2- to reveal and develop skills in terms of scientific communication through the elaboration and realization of pedagogical materials adapted to the concerned public.
The UE will take place in the form of TD and project follow-up (SPS) on previously defined themes. The socio-cultural situation of sensitive urban areas will be addressed during the first TD. This first TD will also serve to lay the foundations of the UE, to present in details the UniverlaCité device and to make a broad presentation of the scientific mediation.
The following tutorials will serve as sessions during which the students, divided into groups, will have to propose activities to be set up. The constraints that will be given to them by the teaching staff will be: the target public, the theme (which will be defined by the teaching staff and which will be renewed each year) and the need to propose activities 'outside the classroom'.
Health, environment and global changes
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The major human and animal health issues related to global change, i.e. :
- the degradation of natural environments, leading to the loss of quality of natural resources (various pollutions) and the loss of biodiversity
- climate change
- the artificialization of living environments
- new therapeutic methods
- the globalization of trade
- the standardization of lifestyles
Science and Society: history of science, ethics, critical thinking
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The sciences in today's society are at the heart of many ethical, economic and societal issues. The aim of this course is to make students reflect on their knowledge and practices through a historical approach to the construction of knowledge and through reflections on the bioethical aspects of science, the place of researchers in society and the relationship between science and society. The aim is to make students aware of the use of scientific arguments in society and to debate in order to confront supported points of view in a contradictory manner, and to develop their critical sense. It is therefore an opening course, allowing students to take a broader view while maintaining a scientific approach, in other words, to "lift their heads from the handlebars".
- 7CM = 10.5h for History of Science, pan-historical and pan-geographical approach
- 4 CM = 6h to present the concepts of bioethics and the critical approach that will be necessary for the debates (methodology of the controversy, complexity, issues, arguments of authority)
- 2CM= 3h on the role of scientists in society (historical approach and discussion on possible pitfalls)
- 2TD= 3h on cognitive biases, notions of epistemology, language traps, and notion of proof, major types of erroneous reasoning
- 4 sessions of 2TD= 4x3h= 12h of debates on themes at the heart of scientific and societal controversies: GMOs, Vaccination, Pharmacogenetics and genetic testing, Endocrine disruptors, Feeding the planet, Demographic challenge, Climate change, Transhumanism, Cloning and assisted reproduction, Animal experimentation, Neuroscience and marketing, Biological warfare, Nanotechnologies, ... We start with a press article and the students in groups produce a presentation (participate in the evaluation) whose goal is to propose a historical context, present the antagonistic points of view argued (ethical and scientific arguments), and then lead a debate. Each debate session (3h) will have a theme, researchers or EC will be invited to participate in the jury and propose a synthesis at the end.
In groups and for the duration of the course, students will produce a bibliographical synthesis on a theme of their choice, with a well-constructed argument, illustrated with carefully chosen examples, placing the subject in a history of science dimension with bioethical considerations. The idea is not to just make the history of a subject, but on the contrary to insist on the links with the progression of scientific knowledge and the ethical questions raised.
Immunology (from the response to infections to autoimmune diseases)
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the logical continuation of the S4 course (Basics of physiology and immunology) and aims to deepen the knowledge of fundamental, applied and clinical immunology. We will also approach the notions of "unconventional" immunology and we will develop the strategies of innovative immunotherapies. This course will cover all the topics related to modern immunology and will be strongly oriented towards the clinical aspects of this discipline.
Key words
Fundamental immunology, Anti-infectious immunity, Immunotherapy, Vaccination, Autoimmunity, Immune deficiencies, Anti-cancer immunity, Non-conventional immunity
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Biotechnology S5
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit covers the different categories of biotechnologies according to their field of application:
- Plant biotechnologies concern the agri-food industry and include a series of technologies using the organism of plants and their cells to produce and transform food products, biomaterials and energy, but also recombinant proteins for therapeutic purposes
- Animal biotechnologies concern the fields of health, medicine, diagnosis, tissue engineering as well as the development of genetic or molecular processes with a therapeutic purpose.
- Microbial biotechnologies concern the use of micro-organisms (viruses or bacteria) and their cultivation within the agro-food/pharmaceutical industry or their interest in environmental protection.
The teaching offered to students in the Bachelor 3 Life Sciences is to enable them to discover or deepen their theoretical knowledge of the various biotechnologies as well as to master the associated tools/applications.
Microbiology 3
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to deepen the knowledge of microbiology for students who wish to continue their studies in this discipline.
It will address molecular genetics applied to prokaryotes (mobile genetic elements and resistance, CRISPR, 2-component system, quorum sensing, horizontal transfers...) and the specificities of bacterial metabolism.
Bacteria with particular morphology will be presented.
In virology, the pathophysiology of viral infections and the prevention and control of viral diseases will be presented. The mechanisms of escape from the immune system will be detailed. The mechanisms of virus evolution will be described and related to viral emergence.
The parasitic mode of life of some eukaryotic microorganisms will be illustrated by describing their obligatory intracellular development and the modifications of the host cell induced by these parasites.
Finally, the EU will address the concept of microbiota and will present the latest data on the nature of the human microbiota and its role on health.
Integrated Cellular Metabolism
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course allows students to deepen their knowledge of metabolism. This UE allows to apprehend a global vision of the human metabolism. It will insist on the links between the different metabolic pathways. It will also show how the different tissues communicate to maintain a global energy homeostasis. Deregulations of this metabolism at the origin of certain pathologies will be presented.
Pedagogy and Didactics of Biotechnology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is an introductory course to the teaching profession in biotechnology, which prepares students for the observation period in a technological high school in semester 6. This UE allows to approach notions that will be developed for the students of Master MEEF (Métiers de l'Enseignement, de l'Education et de la Formation) Biotechnologies preparing the CAPET Biotechnologies option Biochemistry Biological Engineering. This course, coupled with the high school internship in semester 6, also helps students choose their career path.
During the course/DD sessions, several issues concerning the teaching and learning of science and biotechnology are addressed:
- What are the principles, tools and teaching methods used in the technological route?
- How to design an education in STL-Biotechnologies and STS?
- How are the programs and reference materials structured?
- What are the modalities of the certification evaluation in the final cycle and in STS?
- How does a general and technological high school work?
Infection & Immunity
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Bacteriology:
Through various examples, students will be able to better understand the notion of pathogenicity in relation to the virulence of bacteria. The means and mechanisms used to manipulate the cells of the organism at the mucosal level in order to penetrate the interior environment, i.e. invasiveness, will be discussed as well as the perception of environmental signals and the integration of these signals in order to coordinate the response of prokaryotes so that they adopt a group behavior. The description of some examples of toxins and modulins in relation to colonization and/or invasion will allow a better understanding of the differences in strategies between prokaryotic pathogens. Finally, the notion of microbiota and its influence on the functioning of the organism as well as its implication on the development of certain pathologies will be discussed.
Immunology:
The Immunology part of the course deals with the broad outlines of the functioning of the immune system during infection. Thus, from the setting up and development of the inflammatory reaction during the recognition of non-self signals by natural immunity (PRR-PAMP) to the mechanisms of cell activation and the cellular responses generated, we will be able to appreciate the diversity of possibilities offered by the different actors of immunity. Moreover, the sequence of events leading to the orientation of the immune response and the acquisition of a durable protection during the adaptive phase will allow to better understand the vaccine strategy. Finally, the immunity of the intestinal mucosa will be discussed in the context of the relationship between the host and the microbiota
Practical work in Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The molecular biology laboratory course aims to make students autonomous in the face of a molecular biology protocol and to introduce them to hypothesis-driven research. The students will have 6 days to answer a biological problem which will be proposed to them. They will thus be able to put into practice, under laboratory conditions, some of the techniques they have learned in their theoretical courses to better understand them.
Molecular Engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn experimental principles based on nucleic acid manipulation. The lectures will be articulated around two major axes:
- Implementation of molecular tools (cloning, nucleic acid analysis, vectorology) ii. Their applications (expression of recombinant proteins, genomic banking, transgenesis, CRISPR/CAS9 system etc...) and reflection on the notion of ethics in biology.
TDs will consist of:
- Analysis of articles presenting problems to be solved with the knowledge acquired in the course. The chosen themes will, as much as possible, refer to the parallel UE of the L3. These articles will be presented by the students in the form of oral presentations by groups of 3 to 4 students to the whole class.
- Sessions reserved for the use of basic bioinformatics tools in the computer room.
Molecular tools dedicated to detection and diagnosis
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of the course is to review the molecular techniques of identification with emphasis on biomarkers, advances in the latest generations of biomarkers and selective membranes as well as new instrumentations.
Molecular diagnostic techniques / massive approaches.
Biosynthesis of B cell and T cell Ag receptors
Antigen-antibody reactions
Immunological techniques
Principle of FACS
Proteomics, 2D, LC-MS, MS-MS. Degradome...
Genetics & Epigenetics
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
From the same genome, the different cells constituting a multicellular organism will acquire diverse cell fates in order to acquire distinct cellular functions. In addition to the genome, epigenetic regulations governing the control of genome expression will be crucial in establishing phenotypes. The objective of this course is to convey the concepts and methodologies for studying the transmission of hereditary information via so-called epigenetic mechanisms.
Observation internship in a technological high school
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Observation internship in a high school in STL-Biotechnologies and/or STS in applied biology under the responsibility of a teacher tutor in Biochemistry and Biological Engineering. This course, which follows on from the Biotechnology Pedagogy and Didactics course, provides an initial contact with the realities of the teaching profession. This UE allows the students of the Master MEEF (Métiers de l'Enseignement, de l'Education et de la Formation) Biotechnologies preparing the CAPET Biotechnologies option Biochemistry and Biological Engineering to approach notions during the internship. This UE, coupled with the one in semester 5, also helps the student in his professional orientation.
The elements collected during the internship and their treatment give rise to a written report which is presented orally at the end of the semester.
Virology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to acquire knowledge of fundamental and applied virology, with an emphasis on an integrative vision of the discipline. It will present the specificities of host-virus interactions and the pathophysiology of viral infections in different types of hosts (vertebrates/insects/plants). It will address aspects of viral ecology, emergence and associated risks for human and animal health. Finally, the course will present the study methods used in research, virological detection and diagnosis tools, and the applications of viruses in biotechnologies.
The course will consist of lectures, tutorials (analysis of current scientific articles and oral presentations) and practical work illustrating the lectures and tutorials (virus amplification and purification and quantification using reference techniques).
Structural Biochemistry
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course offers an in-depth study of the structural biochemistry of biomolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids.
The basic notions and nomenclature used for the analysis of 3D structures of proteins are briefly reviewed (Ramachandran diagram, structural motif and domain, folding, family, superfamily, etc......). These notions are completed by the study of the stability and dynamics of biomolecules.
The structural classification of proteins is detailed according to the 4 main folding types. Structure-function relationships are illustrated with examples of proteins. The specificities of membrane protein structures (integral proteins, membrane-bound proteins) are discussed.
The main tools for modeling and predicting secondary and tertiary structures are presented.
The different structures and functions of nucleic acids are studied. Protein-nucleic acid complexes are described from a structural point of view (main recognition motifs, ...) and the notions of recognition specificity are detailed.
This teaching is illustrated by tutorials. These works consist in getting familiar with the main databases used in structural biology as well as with the PyMol software for the analysis of 3D structures.
Communication Techniques and Scientific English
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course describes the methodology used by researchers in the life sciences to communicate the results of their experiments, both in writing and orally. As English is the common language of international researchers, a large part of this course is taught in this language.
Written communication is addressed through the study of the structuring (macro) of a research article as well as through a study of the publication process in scientific journals. Several elements of written structuring (micro) are examined in order to understand the differences between scientific and literary English: clarity, cohesion, coherence.
These studies are complemented by a tutored project during the semester during which students are required to analyze a recently published research article in the scientific literature and to transcribe it into an oral presentation (conference) in English.
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Functional genetics
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional genetics aims to better understand the relationships between genotype and phenotype. This course integrates the different aspects of the analysis of gene and genome function at the whole genome level by in vivo approaches, as well as transcriptional regulation and expression regulation of eukaryotic genomes. The course is illustrated by concrete examples in developmental genetics in physiological and pathological contexts.
Integrated Cellular Metabolism
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course allows students to deepen their knowledge of metabolism. This UE allows to apprehend a global vision of the human metabolism. It will insist on the links between the different metabolic pathways. It will also show how the different tissues communicate to maintain a global energy homeostasis. Deregulations of this metabolism at the origin of certain pathologies will be presented.
Advanced Cell Biology 1: Experimental Approaches
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course for the "Molecular and Cellular Biology" program is designed to deepen and complete the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in the BCM2, BCM3 and "Deepening in Cellular and Molecular Biology" courses, mainly in the form of practical work. These courses will focus on the themes of intracellular trafficking, cell cycle and apoptosis in the continuity of the BCM3 course.
A group work will be done in TD during which the students will have to analyze a scientific article to make a structured summary specifying the context of the study, the precise scientific question asked by the authors, the strategies implemented and the techniques used to answer it. This work is intended to help prepare students for the writing of their TER and internship reports in the Master's program.
The tutorials and practical exercises will be carried out in an integrated manner on the same themes as those dealt with in class. The practical sessions will be directly linked to the laboratory sessions. The students will have to ask a question related to a cellular mechanism and, in the respect of the scientific approach, will propose an experimental strategy allowing to answer it. The practical exercises will allow the application of this strategy by integrating biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology techniques such as immunoblot, cell culture, immunolabeling and fluorescence microscopy. The results obtained will be analyzed using image analysis techniques and bioinformatics.
Developmental biology
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory S6 course explores the fundamental processes of embryonic development.
All the major stages of embryogenesis will be covered, such as establishment of axes, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, as well as the basic concepts: induction, determination, differentiation, morphogenesis, etc...
The course will emphasize a molecular and cellular interpretation of developmental processes and the importance of an evolutionary approach to embryogenesis.
The course will therefore systematically make links between its different disciplines, as well as with the material taught in the genetics courses.
The lectures will present the main principles focusing on the two best understood models of development in vertebrates (amphibians) and invertebrates (flies), including a historical aspect, while the tutorials will be devoted to the evolutionary aspect (comparison of different developmental modes and understanding the logic of evolutionary constraints), as well as to the experimental approaches of modern molecular and cellular developmental biology.
Practical work in Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The molecular biology laboratory course aims to make students autonomous in the face of a molecular biology protocol and to introduce them to hypothesis-driven research. The students will have 6 days to answer a biological problem which will be proposed to them. They will thus be able to put into practice, under laboratory conditions, some of the techniques they have learned in their theoretical courses to better understand them.
Molecular Engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn experimental principles based on nucleic acid manipulation. The lectures will be articulated around two major axes:
- Implementation of molecular tools (cloning, nucleic acid analysis, vectorology) ii. Their applications (expression of recombinant proteins, genomic banking, transgenesis, CRISPR/CAS9 system etc...) and reflection on the notion of ethics in biology.
TDs will consist of:
- Analysis of articles presenting problems to be solved with the knowledge acquired in the course. The chosen themes will, as much as possible, refer to the parallel UE of the L3. These articles will be presented by the students in the form of oral presentations by groups of 3 to 4 students to the whole class.
- Sessions reserved for the use of basic bioinformatics tools in the computer room.
Advanced Cell Biology 2: Key Concepts
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is designed to complete the notions of cell biology seen in L2 in BCM2 and BCM3 through the study of physiological and pathological situations such as cancers.
These courses will introduce students to the importance of finding a study model (cell lines or organisms for in vivo study (Drosophila, C. elegans, Zebrafish) adapted to answer a question and highlight a molecular mechanism.
The lectures will allow the manipulation of advanced concepts of cell biology in connection with the knowledge of the most commonly used methodologies in cell biology such as flow cytometry, advanced techniques of fluorescence and electron microscopy, proteomics as well as the knowledge of experimental models such as cells in culture, genetically modified or not animal models (C. elegans, zebrafish, transgenic mice, KO, KI...)
Genetics & Epigenetics
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
From the same genome, the different cells constituting a multicellular organism will acquire diverse cell fates in order to acquire distinct cellular functions. In addition to the genome, epigenetic regulations governing the control of genome expression will be crucial in establishing phenotypes. The objective of this course is to convey the concepts and methodologies for studying the transmission of hereditary information via so-called epigenetic mechanisms.
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
Virology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to acquire knowledge of fundamental and applied virology, with an emphasis on an integrative vision of the discipline. It will present the specificities of host-virus interactions and the pathophysiology of viral infections in different types of hosts (vertebrates/insects/plants). It will address aspects of viral ecology, emergence and associated risks for human and animal health. Finally, the course will present the study methods used in research, virological detection and diagnosis tools, and the applications of viruses in biotechnologies.
The course will consist of lectures, tutorials (analysis of current scientific articles and oral presentations) and practical work illustrating the lectures and tutorials (virus amplification and purification and quantification using reference techniques).
Practical approach to bacterial biodiversity
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This practical course aims to apply the students' knowledge of microbiology and molecular biology to the identification of environmental bacteria.
The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the bacterial population present in a soil sample will be done classically by identifying the species by the means of classical bacteriology in successive steps: 1) isolation of the bacterial flora; 2) diagnosis of family and genus using conventional media and tests; 3) diagnosis of the species using API System galleries
Molecular biology techniques now allow the identification of bacteria present in a sample without the need to culture them. This approach requires access to a sequencing platform and will also be carried out during the course of the project, which will allow the two approaches to be compared. The sequencing results obtained will allow a bioinformatics analysis of the rrsA gene specifying the RNA16S of the isolated bacteria.
Communication Techniques and Scientific English
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course describes the methodology used by researchers in the life sciences to communicate the results of their experiments, both in writing and orally. As English is the common language of international researchers, a large part of this course is taught in this language.
Written communication is addressed through the study of the structuring (macro) of a research article as well as through a study of the publication process in scientific journals. Several elements of written structuring (micro) are examined in order to understand the differences between scientific and literary English: clarity, cohesion, coherence.
These studies are complemented by a tutored project during the semester during which students are required to analyze a recently published research article in the scientific literature and to transcribe it into an oral presentation (conference) in English.
Immunology (from the response to infections to autoimmune diseases)
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the logical continuation of the S4 course (Basics of physiology and immunology) and aims to deepen the knowledge of fundamental, applied and clinical immunology. We will also approach the notions of "unconventional" immunology and we will develop the strategies of innovative immunotherapies. This course will cover all the topics related to modern immunology and will be strongly oriented towards the clinical aspects of this discipline.
Key words
Fundamental immunology, Anti-infectious immunity, Immunotherapy, Vaccination, Autoimmunity, Immune deficiencies, Anti-cancer immunity, Non-conventional immunity
Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Molecular biology is both a fascinating subject of study in its own right, but it also provides other disciplines in biology (cell biology, genetics, physiology...) with fantastic tools for modifying and quantifying genes and their products.
The EU provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of organization, maintenance, replication and expression (transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, translation) of eukaryotic genomes.
In particular, the properties of information-carrying macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) will be explored, and how the transactions between them explain the functioning of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to the environment and to the development of organisms.
In parallel, the main techniques for monitoring or modifying gene expression, or for studying the mechanisms of this expression, will be explained in class and further developed in class by analyzing results.
Thus, the tutorials approach these subjects in the form of (1) exercises leading the students to verify their understanding of the knowledge described above, and (2) experiments extracted from scientific articles to be analyzed. Thus, the basics of scientific reasoning and critical analysis of results will be acquired and/or deepened.
Biotechnology S5
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit covers the different categories of biotechnologies according to their field of application:
- Plant biotechnologies concern the agri-food industry and include a series of technologies using the organism of plants and their cells to produce and transform food products, biomaterials and energy, but also recombinant proteins for therapeutic purposes
- Animal biotechnologies concern the fields of health, medicine, diagnosis, tissue engineering as well as the development of genetic or molecular processes with a therapeutic purpose.
- Microbial biotechnologies concern the use of micro-organisms (viruses or bacteria) and their cultivation within the agro-food/pharmaceutical industry or their interest in environmental protection.
The teaching offered to students in the Bachelor 3 Life Sciences is to enable them to discover or deepen their theoretical knowledge of the various biotechnologies as well as to master the associated tools/applications.
Microbiology 3
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to deepen the knowledge of microbiology for students who wish to continue their studies in this discipline.
It will address molecular genetics applied to prokaryotes (mobile genetic elements and resistance, CRISPR, 2-component system, quorum sensing, horizontal transfers...) and the specificities of bacterial metabolism.
Bacteria with particular morphology will be presented.
In virology, the pathophysiology of viral infections and the prevention and control of viral diseases will be presented. The mechanisms of escape from the immune system will be detailed. The mechanisms of virus evolution will be described and related to viral emergence.
The parasitic mode of life of some eukaryotic microorganisms will be illustrated by describing their obligatory intracellular development and the modifications of the host cell induced by these parasites.
Finally, the EU will address the concept of microbiota and will present the latest data on the nature of the human microbiota and its role on health.
Infection & Immunity
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Bacteriology:
Through various examples, students will be able to better understand the notion of pathogenicity in relation to the virulence of bacteria. The means and mechanisms used to manipulate the cells of the organism at the mucosal level in order to penetrate the interior environment, i.e. invasiveness, will be discussed as well as the perception of environmental signals and the integration of these signals in order to coordinate the response of prokaryotes so that they adopt a group behavior. The description of some examples of toxins and modulins in relation to colonization and/or invasion will allow a better understanding of the differences in strategies between prokaryotic pathogens. Finally, the notion of microbiota and its influence on the functioning of the organism as well as its implication on the development of certain pathologies will be discussed.
Immunology:
The Immunology part of the course deals with the broad outlines of the functioning of the immune system during infection. Thus, from the setting up and development of the inflammatory reaction during the recognition of non-self signals by natural immunity (PRR-PAMP) to the mechanisms of cell activation and the cellular responses generated, we will be able to appreciate the diversity of possibilities offered by the different actors of immunity. Moreover, the sequence of events leading to the orientation of the immune response and the acquisition of a durable protection during the adaptive phase will allow to better understand the vaccine strategy. Finally, the immunity of the intestinal mucosa will be discussed in the context of the relationship between the host and the microbiota
History of biology and bioethics
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
The main goal of this module will be to provide a better understanding of the major concepts of modern biology, through the history of their development. In other words, to analyze the intellectual path as well as the experimental and theoretical approaches that led to their construction. For example, we will analyze how the search for a "natural" classification led Jean-Baptiste Monet de Lamarck and Charles Darwin to lay the foundations of evolutionary biology or how the concept of "unity of organization plan" by Etienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire is at the origin of evolutionary paleontology, developmental biology and evolution/development (Evo/Devo).
Within the framework of bioethical aspects, the problems of the drift of a concept (from craniology to eugenics) or the cases of "Georges Cuvier" and "Trophim Lyssenko" when religious or political ideology interferes with science will be addressed.
Finally, biological philosophy will lead us to discuss the interest of models in biology and the "end of the genetic whole" (from Lamarck to epigenetics through epigenesis).
The whole module will be done through lectures during which some founding texts of modern biology will also be analyzed and discussed.
Practical work in Molecular Biology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The molecular biology laboratory course aims to make students autonomous in the face of a molecular biology protocol and to introduce them to hypothesis-driven research. The students will have 6 days to answer a biological problem which will be proposed to them. They will thus be able to put into practice, under laboratory conditions, some of the techniques they have learned in their theoretical courses to better understand them.
Microbial ecology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The courses will cover the basics and application principles of microbial ecology (microbial biodiversity; cultivable/non-cultivable microorganisms; major microbial groups, main microbial functions and biogeochemical cycles, microbial metabolisms in the environment and environmental applications, basics of ecology applicable to microorganisms (microbial interactions, free life, competition, collaboration, symbiosis, parasitism and their applications). In particular, the following topics will be covered by way of illustration
- viruses: notion of emergence and re-emergence
-vibrios, virulence factors, host adaptation and horizontal transfer
-streptococci, comparative genomics, genomic reduction, specialization
The applications of microbial ecology to biotechnologies will concern: detection, production of inocula, bioproductions, bioremediation, water treatment on concrete examples (development of multipathogen detection tools taking into account the mutation, production of a taste enhancer by a soil corynebacteria, applications of the study of microbial interactions to the selection of cheese flavors, quality index of a vineyard soil ...)
Water analysis, principles, standards, applications: total 6h
TD/ personal work on the basis of the results of the TP: design of a water purification model in real situation (cadastral data, topological survey, load in total fecal coliforms streptococci resulting from the TP, presentation of the students on the various types of (micro)purification stations....) it is a question of proposing a conceptual solution adapted to the case of ground.
Molecular Engineering
Level of study
BAC +3
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn experimental principles based on nucleic acid manipulation. The lectures will be articulated around two major axes:
- Implementation of molecular tools (cloning, nucleic acid analysis, vectorology) ii. Their applications (expression of recombinant proteins, genomic banking, transgenesis, CRISPR/CAS9 system etc...) and reflection on the notion of ethics in biology.
TDs will consist of:
- Analysis of articles presenting problems to be solved with the knowledge acquired in the course. The chosen themes will, as much as possible, refer to the parallel UE of the L3. These articles will be presented by the students in the form of oral presentations by groups of 3 to 4 students to the whole class.
- Sessions reserved for the use of basic bioinformatics tools in the computer room.
Microbiology of eukaryotes
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course aims to deepen the knowledge of eukaryotic microorganisms and to explore in particular the diversity of unicellular eukaryotes with a free or parasitic life style. This diversity will be studied not only from a theoretical but also from a practical point of view. Indeed, the specificities of development and life style of four unicellular microorganisms (social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, ciliate Tetrahymena, apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum) will be studied during practical works and will allow to illustrate the notions approached in course and in TD
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
Virology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to acquire knowledge of fundamental and applied virology, with an emphasis on an integrative vision of the discipline. It will present the specificities of host-virus interactions and the pathophysiology of viral infections in different types of hosts (vertebrates/insects/plants). It will address aspects of viral ecology, emergence and associated risks for human and animal health. Finally, the course will present the study methods used in research, virological detection and diagnosis tools, and the applications of viruses in biotechnologies.
The course will consist of lectures, tutorials (analysis of current scientific articles and oral presentations) and practical work illustrating the lectures and tutorials (virus amplification and purification and quantification using reference techniques).
Communication Techniques and Scientific English
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course describes the methodology used by researchers in the life sciences to communicate the results of their experiments, both in writing and orally. As English is the common language of international researchers, a large part of this course is taught in this language.
Written communication is addressed through the study of the structuring (macro) of a research article as well as through a study of the publication process in scientific journals. Several elements of written structuring (micro) are examined in order to understand the differences between scientific and literary English: clarity, cohesion, coherence.
These studies are complemented by a tutored project during the semester during which students are required to analyze a recently published research article in the scientific literature and to transcribe it into an oral presentation (conference) in English.
Practical Work of Animal Physiology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Through practical work sessions, study of different physiological regulations on the animal.
Acquisition of operating techniques in rats to determine blood volume, osmotic diuresis and renal permeability, the action of adrenaline and insulin on blood glucose, inulin clearance and glucose transport mechanisms through the intestinal wall.
Study of the mechanical and electrical functioning of the frog heart.
Learning of all the elements allowing to carry out the protocol of TP required in order to obtain results and to build a report.
Immunology (from the response to infections to autoimmune diseases)
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is the logical continuation of the S4 course (Basics of physiology and immunology) and aims to deepen the knowledge of fundamental, applied and clinical immunology. We will also approach the notions of "unconventional" immunology and we will develop the strategies of innovative immunotherapies. This course will cover all the topics related to modern immunology and will be strongly oriented towards the clinical aspects of this discipline.
Key words
Fundamental immunology, Anti-infectious immunity, Immunotherapy, Vaccination, Autoimmunity, Immune deficiencies, Anti-cancer immunity, Non-conventional immunity
Olfactory and Gustatory Physiology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Study of the primary and secondary olfactory systems:
The main olfactory system: stimuli, receptor structures, mechanism of transduction, coding of olfactory information and associated olfactory pathways.
The secondary olfactory system: stimuli, receptor structures, mechanism of transduction, coding of olfactory information and associated olfactory pathways.
Study of the taste system:
The taste system: stimuli, receptor structures, transduction mechanism and associated taste pathways.
Olfaction and cognition:
Study of odors on behavior; factors influencing the quality of the olfactory sensation; characteristic dimensions of odors; behavioral classification of odors. Olfaction and cognition: memory of odors, mother/child olfactory attachment.
Gustation and eating behavior :
Gusto-facial reflex; food preferences and aversions.
Integrated Neurobiology and Cognition
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to provide an integrated approach to the functioning of the nervous system, drawing on several fields of neuroscience (neurodevelopment, functional neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, cognitive neuroscience) and focusing on complex brain functions
Neurobiology and Cellular Neurophysiology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is the morpho-functional study of the cells of the nervous system (neurons, glial cells), namely: the description of the mechanisms involved in neuronal excitability (generation and propagation of action potentials) and neurotransmission (mechanisms of release and synthesis of neurotransmitters and the structure and function of neurotransmitter receptors). The concepts of synaptic plasticity are also developed.
Cardiac Physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The cardiovascular physiology course aims at describing and acquiring knowledge on the functioning of the cardiovascular system from the whole animal to the molecular and cellular levels. Among other things, cardiac contraction, regulation of cardiac electrical activity (electrocardiogram and ion channels), regulation of blood pressure and baroreflex, regulation of cardiovascular functions by the autonomic nervous system will be studied.
Cellular Communication and Pharmacology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The mechanism of action of drugs is based on an interaction with a target cell structure of the organism leading to the modulation of its function. Thus, this course has two main components. Thefirst part will aim to make students aware of the different modes of cellular communication, the different chemical messengers, their targets and their modes of action. The second part will aim to give students the basic knowledge of pharmacology, i.e. understanding the mode of action of drugs and their fate in the body. For this, the concepts of pharmacodynamics (ligand-receptor interaction, effect-dose relationship) and pharmacokinetics (ADME: absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion) will be addressed. In addition, drug targets, intracellular signaling and therapeutic indications will be discussed.
Neuropathology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides an introduction to the main diseases affecting the nervous system, both neurological and psychiatric. The pathologies are treated under a multidisciplinary angle going from the molecular to the symptoms. This basic knowledge in neuropathology will serve as a foundation for the research fields addressed later in the Master's program
Muscular and Cardiac Pathologies
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The muscular and cardiac pathologies UE aims, from the knowledge acquired in the previous semester on cardiovascular physiology, to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies (various rhythm disorders including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, ...) and muscular (myopathies, ...).
Physiology and Pathology of Nutrition
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to acquire scientific knowledge and skills in the field of nutrition and more specifically in relation to pathologies.
Nutrition is defined as the science that analyzes the relationship between food and health. The links between nutrition and health are becoming better known and the risk of developing many diseases - cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity or type 2 diabetes - can be reduced by following national nutrition recommendations.
These recommendations are based on multiple scientific studies and are evolving as new knowledge becomes available. It is still difficult to describe the biological mechanisms that explain the complex effects of nutrition on health.
Numerous epidemiological studies have established that a sufficient, balanced and diversified diet is essential for growth, maintenance of immunity, fertility and successful aging (cognitive performance, maintenance of muscle mass, fight against infections).
Sensory and motor neurophysiology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The teaching provided in the Sensory and Motor Neurophysiology course deals on the one hand with the anatomical and functional organization of the main sensory systems, vision, hearing and somesthesia. On the other hand, it deals with the motor system and its central control at the spinal and supra-spinal levels: brain stem, motor cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia.
Endocrine physiology
Level of study
BAC +3
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to provide the student with fundamental and in-depth knowledge and skills on the physiology of the endocrine system. By studying the morphological and functional organization of the endocrine system, the student will be able to understand the multitude of hormonal systems (endocrine glands, hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis, reproductive system) and their essential roles in the realization of the major physiological functions and homeostasis.
Project or internship
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The modalities of this UE are specifically adapted to the different courses of the L3. Nevertheless, the objectives are common: to give students an overview of the professional world related to research in life sciences.
The student will be offered a short internship in a laboratory/company or a tutored project with a tutor working in a laboratory or company associated with biology.
Methodology in Environment
ECTS
10 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Methodology in Biology Life Mechanism
ECTS
10 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Specialization 1 in Environment
ECTS
14 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Specialization 1 in Mechanical Biology of Life
ECTS
14 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Professionalization SV APP
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Multidisciplinary project APP
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Specialization II in Environment
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Environmental internship/project
ECTS
16 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Internship/project in Mechanical Biology of Life
ECTS
16 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Specialization II in Mechanical Biology of Life
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Coherent Grouping 1 Semester 5
ECTS
20 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biomaterials and Polymers in Healthcare
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biomaterials and Polymers in Healthcare Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biomaterials and Polymers in Healthcare TP
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Instrumental techniques for analyzing pharmaceutical substances
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Instrumental techniques for analyzing pharmaceutical substances. EC
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Instrumental analysis techniques substan. pharmaTP+Ecrits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Therapeutic Chemistry - TC peptide synthesis
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacology - Pharmacokinetics - Toxicology
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping 2 UE Transversale linguistique Sem.5
ECTS
10 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Communication techniques - PEC
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Envnmt technico-régle des industries de santé - La doc scien
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Technico-regulatory environment for industries
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Modern languages Semes. 5
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Internship in a company
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent Grouping of 3 Scientific UE Semester 6
ECTS
21.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacie Galénique Written (QCM+TP graded)
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Surface phenomena TP Report and Oral
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Environmental engineering - Radiobiology - Nutrition
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Environmental engineering - Introduction Radiobiolo.-Nutri. Health
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Environmental engineering-Radiobiology Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Environmental engineering-Radiobiology-Nutri. Written/Oral
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biological & Cellular Engineering
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biological and cellular engineering TP, note involvement/accompanies
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biological and Cellular Engineering Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Methods for statistical analysis of pharmaceutical data
ECTS
3.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Methods for statistical analysis of pharmaceutical data. Quizzes
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Methods for statistical analysis of pharmaceutical data. Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping 4 UE Transersales linguistiques Sem. 6
ECTS
6.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Quality management-Marketing-Statistical quality control
ECTS
2.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Marketing-Management Quality-Statistical control Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Quality Management-Statistical Quality Control TD
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Admission
Conditions of access
Registration possible with a baccalaureate or equivalent, or as part of a reorientation. In all cases, applications are made via the Parcoursup platform. The capacity of the program, excluding repeat students, is 680 students per year. The number of applications received via Parcoursup exceeds 5,000 candidates.
Target audience
For integration in Licence 2, depending on the course:
Registration is possible from an L1 SVSE portal obtained at the FdS of the University of Montpellier, or from an equivalent L1 obtained outside the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Montpellier (or equivalent higher education: preparatory school, possibly DUT, even BTS). For all the candidates, coming from the L1 SVSE, from conventional training (CPGE or PASS) or outside the FDS, the registration procedure is carried out via the e-candidat portal of the Faculty of Science.
Acceptance is not automatic: it is decided by a pedagogical committee on the basis of the student's file and depends on the capacity of the course in question. The SV degree at the University of Montpellier is very attractive and generally exceeds its capacity.
For integration into Licence 3, depending on the course:
Automatic registration from a L2 SV of the same course obtained at the FdS of the University of Montpellier, or possible from a L2 in the fields of training of the aimed course obtained out of the formations of the Faculty of Science of the University of Montpellier or equivalent in higher education. The registration procedure is carried out via the e-candidate portal of the Faculty of Science.
Acceptance is not automatic: it is decided by a pedagogical committee on the basis of the student's file and depends on the capacity of the course in question. The SV degree at the University of Montpellier is very attractive and generally exceeds these capacities.
Capacity
160 students for the BE course
440 students in L2 for the courses of the Bio-MV department
420 students in L3 for the courses of the Bio-MV department
Necessary pre-requisites
The life sciences license is accessible to baccalaureate holders as well as to holders of a DAEU B (diploma of access to university studies - scientific option).
Recommended prerequisites
A general baccalaureate with scientific options is strongly recommended to have every chance of success. For baccalaureate holders without scientific options or holders of technological baccalaureates, an upgrade is recommended.
And then
Further studies
The vast majority of students, depending on their chosen path, go on to the many professional or research masters in life sciences, health, agrosciences and the environment. They can also go on to MEEF masters that prepare for teaching competitions.
The training also allows for integration into engineering schools and further studies in the medical or pharmaceutical fields. It gives access to the B competitive entrance exams for the grandes écoles (ENSA: École nationale supérieure d'agronomie; ENV: École nationale vétérinaire).
Continuing your studies abroad
It is possible to do part of your studies abroad through the ERASMUS program and various other programs (e.g. ERASMUS-MUNDUS, BCI (Quebec), etc.). It is necessary to prepare your application in advance.
Bridges and reorientation
Throughout the three years of the Bachelor's degree, there are many gateways from and to other Bachelor's degree courses and other courses (IUT, BTS, CPGE, engineering schools, etc.). Specific courses also allow students to move on to health studies (medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy, dentistry, etc.), see LAS.
A specific course (PCAV) is offered from L1 for those who wish to prepare for the competitive engineering school exams (Polytechnic common exam, agronomic and veterinary school exams).
There are also gateways in L3 to professional licenses (biotechnology, plant production, health products and cosmetics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, health).
Professional integration
Those who choose the professional path right after their diploma are mainly destined for jobs in the field of research and development (R&D), in scientific animation or in naturalist expertise. For example, in the pharmaceutical or agri-food industry, they work as researchers, biologists, or quality-safety officers; in science, they work as officers for museums, departmental or regional nature parks, or as facilitators; they can become technicians to carry out impact studies or censuses.
The SV license also gives access to the state and local civil service competitions (categories B or C).