Cellular and Molecular Biology 2

This compulsory S3 course allows students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular biology and cell biology acquired in L1.

Molecular Biology Section: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and explored in depth in order to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main stages of molecular biology, such as DNA replication, gene transcription into mRNA, and their translation into proteins. These stages, illustrated by experimental evidence drawn from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.

Cell Biology section: The major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be addressed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The concepts of ligands, receptors, scaffold proteins, signaling enzyme proteins, intracellular second messengers, and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques used to detect the presence and location of proteins in cells and tissues will be discussed.

- Knowledge:

Molecular biology:

-Understand the molecular basis of the structural stability of nucleic acids.

-Mastering the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids in order to understand and develop various molecular biology techniques (sequencing, genetic mutation determination, hybridization, cloning, mechanisms of action of antiviral or antitumor agents).

-Understand the molecular mechanisms that govern replication, transcription, and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

-Know the main cellular DNA repair systems.

Cell biology:

-Understand and assimilate the major concepts of how signaling pathways work

-Understanding the impact of an interaction between a ligand and its receptor (conformation change, activation, etc.)

-Know the major signaling routes

-Understanding how certain signaling mechanisms can be analyzed, in particular using Western blot and immunofluorescence approaches.

 -Expertise:

Molecular biology:

-Know how to associate an experimental or biological molecular mechanism with the various mechanisms involving nucleic acids or proteins resulting from gene transcription/translation.

Cell biology: Ability to read and interpret results obtained through experimental approaches such as Western blots and immunofluorescence.

 -Interpersonal skills:

Understand the different concepts presented and use them to be able to propose hypotheses about how molecular and cellular processes work Be able to make the connection between the different molecular mechanisms presented.

Communicate with teachers and other students to carry out reflection exercises.

Be able to formulate a hypothesis based on one's knowledge.

Be able to summarize the functioning of a molecular mechanism in the form of a model diagram.