Training structure
Faculty of Science, Faculty of Pharmacy
Program
Select a program
L2 - Biotechnology-Biotraceability-Bioresources
The Biotechnology and Traceability pathway in the Life Sciences bachelor's degree is a multi-disciplinary course with a strong focus on biotechnologies and nano-biotechnologies dedicated to traceability: detection and diagnosis. The last few decades, with their series of viral pandemics, have demonstrated the health implications of rapid, reliable diagnosis. Fundamental biology has provided an arsenal of biomarkers. Biotechnologies ranging from genetic engineering to immunotechnology have brought a host of concrete applications in the field of traceability. Today, a multi-disciplinary convergence is leading to the development of new microdevices, the biosensors that will be able to meet the needs of future generations.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
English S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsPlant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsBiological investigations
3 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
L2 - Biochemistry
The Biochemistry pathway of the Life Sciences B.Sc. is a training program at the interface of Biology and Chemistry. The various courses offered over the three years of the Bachelor's degree are designed to prepare students for professional careers, but above all for further study in Master's programs or engineering schools.
At the University of Montpellier, the Biochemistry pathway enables students to pursue their studies mainly in the Biology-Health or Pharmaceutical Sciences Masters programs. This demanding training is both generalist, integrating many disciplines of biology (biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, microbiology, etc.) and more specific (structural biology, enzymology, chemistry of biomolecules or mathematics for biology).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
4 creditsDescription of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
4 creditsBiochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
Your choice: 1 of 2
CHOICE HAV401V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsBiochemistry Techniques
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsAdvanced cellular and molecular biology
Metabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
CHOICE HAV418V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsMicrobiology 2
Biochemistry Techniques
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
L2 - Plant Biology for the Agro-Environment
The Biologie des Plantes pour l'Agro-Environnement (BiPAgro) (Biology of Plants for the Agro-Environment) course of the Licence Sciences de la Vie (L-SV) provides initial multi-disciplinary training in the concepts and methods of biology in the fields of biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, genetics, physiology and biotechnology, with progressive specialization in plant sciences. This program aims to understand how plants function, and how they adapt to their environment. It enables students to acquire fundamental knowledge of model species and species of agronomic interest, in order to grasp current issues in plant production, input management and the design of tomorrow's plant agroscience. One of the special features of the program is its strong link with the Montpellier plant biology scientific community, the largest in France, enabling a teaching approach that integrates training through research. Training through fundamental or applied research is ensured by a long compulsory internship at the end of L3 - rare in a Bachelor's degree course -, which equips students to prepare for their post-Licence future. The presence on the Montpellier site of major plant biology research organizations (INRAE, CNRS, IRD, CIRAD), plant experimentation stations and companies in the Agrosciences field provides a large pool of potential internships that are well suited to the career plans of most students. The Montpellier site also boasts a large network of Master's and PhD students in the Agrosciences field.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
4 creditsDescription of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
4 creditsBiochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
Your choice: 1 of 2
CHOICE HAV415V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsPlant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
3 credits
CHOICE HAV418V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsMicrobiology 2
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
L2 - Biology-Ecology
The Biology-Ecology (BE) course of the Life Sciences (SV) bachelor's degree is a multi-disciplinary scientific program focused on knowledge of organisms (of all types: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.), their evolution and their ecology, in the scientific sense of the term: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria...), their evolution and their ecology, in the scientific sense of the term, i.e. the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment, as well as the interactions they develop between themselves (societal or political ecology, ecologism, is not at the heart of the training, although it is sometimes addressed in the courses). The fourth major discipline is the acquisition and mastery of the mathematical and statistical tools essential to ecology and evolutionary biology. Finally, the choice of specific teaching units can enable you to specialize in paleontology or paleoecology through the study of earth sciences.
S3L2SVBE
30 creditsYour choice: 1 of 2
Profile 2 BE
Experimental ecology and the scientific approach
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsDescription of variability 2
2 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsFundamental ecology: concepts and methods
3 creditsMushroom ecology, diversity and evolution
2 creditsBasic plant biology
3 creditsDiversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N1
3 credits0hComparative animal physiology
4 credits
Profile 1 BE
Basics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsSedimentary geology, tectonics and cartography
4 creditsDescription of variability 2
2 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsFundamental ecology: concepts and methods
3 creditsMushroom ecology, diversity and evolution
2 creditsBasic plant biology
3 creditsDiversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N1
3 credits0hComparative animal physiology
4 credits
Choice of 3 from 1
S4L2SVBE
30 creditsDiversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N2
4 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsFrom genotype to phenotype
4 creditsFunctional ecology
4 creditsHazard quantification
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsCHOIX2
4 creditsYour choice: 1 of 7
Earth materials
4 creditsHistory of plants and natural environments
4 creditsEcophysiology of Aquatic Organisms
4 creditsEukaryotes Parasites
4 creditsNaturalist Specialization 1
4 creditsBasic conservation biology and physiology
4 creditsModelling life: theory
4 credits
English S4
2 creditsPlant diversity
4 credits
L2 - Biotechnology-Teaching Professions
The Biotechnology Teaching Professions (Bio-ME) course is a multi-disciplinary scientific training program designed for students intending to enter the Master MEEF2nd degré Biotechnologies option Biochimie Génie Biologique to become certified teachers of Biotechnology - Biochemistry - Biological Engineering in high schools.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsCHOIX1
3 creditsYour choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
Chemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 credits
CHOIX2
3 creditsChoice: 1 of 3
Biochemistry Techniques
3 creditsHealth: Major issues
3 creditsBiological investigations
3 credits
English S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsMicrobiology 2
Introduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
L2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology
The Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) pathway in the Life Sciences bachelor's degree is a scientific undergraduate program providing a broad vision of the life sciences, with a particular focus on the inner workings of the eukaryotic cell. The transition to specialization is gradual over the three years of the course.
Your choice: 1 of 2
CHOICE HAV425V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsHealth: Major issues
3 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsAdvanced cellular and molecular biology
Metabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
CHOICE HAV427V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsBiochemistry Techniques
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsAdvanced cellular and molecular biology
Metabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
Optional
L2 - Microbiology
The Microbiology course in the Life Sciences bachelor's degree is a multi-disciplinary scientific program focusing on microorganisms in the broadest sense (prokaryotes, viruses, eukaryotic microorganisms). Their structures and functions will be studied in depth, as will their mode of multiplication. Genetics, the molecular mechanisms involved and their regulation will be examined for the various microorganisms. Their role in the environment and the different modes of interaction between microorganisms and their hosts will be addressed. Their use in biotechnology, their impact on animal and plant pathology and their interactions with immune defense mechanisms will be studied. The means of combating pathogens will also be detailed. Â
This "Microbiology" pathway is designed to show the great diversity of the microbial world and the many applications of this discipline, particularly in the fields of health and the environment.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
Optional
Choice: 1 of 3
CHOICE HAV401V
3 creditsCHOICE HAV415V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsMicrobiology 2
Introduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
3 credits
CHOICE HAV417V
3 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsMicrobiology 2
Introduction to evolution
2 creditsBiological investigations
3 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
L2 - Animal physiology and neuroscience
The Animal Physiology/Neurosciences pathway of the Life Sciences bachelor's degree is a multidisciplinary scientific program that tackles the physiological functioning of animals, including humans, with a strong focus on three disciplines: neuroscience, muscular and cardiac physiology, and nutrition.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsUE choice SV
Your choice: 1 of 5
Fluid biophysics
3 creditsFood-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
English S4
2 creditsBioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Genetics 1
Membrane transfer
3 creditsNeurobiology
3 credits
L2 - Agro-Veto Competition Preparation
The "Prépa Concours Agro Véto" (PCAV, https://prepa-agroveto.edu.umontpellier.fr/) course is a specific training program offered during the first two years(L1 and L2, 120 ECTS) of the "Life Sciences" bachelor's degree program at the Faculty of Sciences, part of the University of Montpellier. It is part of the "Biology-Mechanisms of Life" teaching department (Bio-MV, https://biologie-mv-fds.edu.umontpellier.fr/).
Its aim is to provide a solid foundation of multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge, with a focus on biology(L2 level), and to prepare students for the B competitive entrance exams to national agronomy and veterinary schools (national competitive entrance exams organized by the Service des Concours Agronomiques et Vétérinaires - https://www.concours-agro-veto.net/ and accessible from 2021 to students who have already completed or are enrolled in L2).
The PCAV pathway is a reinforced L1 and L2 pathway (30 to 34 ECTS per semester) offered to a small number of students (maximum 30 per level) selected on the basis of a portfolio to ensure a high level of supervision and continuous assessment. Applications for admission to the L2 PCAV are made via the Faculty of Science's e-Candidat software platform(https://sciences.edu.umontpellier.fr/venir-etudier-a-la-faculte-des-sciences/). The quality of the applicant's school and academic record, and the maturity of the training and/or professional project(s) described in a detailed letter of motivation, are important selection criteria.
The PCAV curriculum is spread over the first 4 semesters of the degree (L1 and L2). It includes disciplinary teaching units, particularly in Life Sciences, but also in Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics, as well as cross-disciplinary teaching in methodology and languages. This core curriculum is rounded out by specific modules to reinforce chemistry and prepare for the oral exams of the B competitive entrance examination.
The PCAV pathway is designed to prepare students to enter national agronomy schools and veterinary schools, but the 120 ECTS required to complete the program will enable students to pursue other studies, in particular L3 in life sciences.
With regard to the specialties to be chosen at high school in preparation for further study in the PCAV pathway and preparation for the B BIO and B ENV competitive entrance exams, the "Life and Earth Sciences" or "Biology-Ecology" specialty is strongly recommended. Enhanced courses in mathematics and physics-chemistry will also be favorable.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsBasics of plant physiology
Description of variability 1
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsFundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Biochemistry S3
4 creditsEnglish S3
2 creditsFluid biophysics
3 creditsChemistry Agro Vet
3 creditsCHOIX1
3 creditsYour choice: 1 of 4
Food-Nutrition-Health
3 creditsBiotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
3 creditsLife chemistry
3 creditsAnimal behavior - Ethology
3 credits
BioInfo
2 creditsCellular and Molecular Biology 3
4 creditsInterview preparation
3 creditsSciences et Sociétés oral preparation
3 creditsIntroduction to evolution
2 creditsPhysiology of major functions
4 creditsPersonal and Professional Project
2 creditsEnglish S4
2 creditsMetabolic biochemistry
Chemistry written test practice
4 creditsGenetics 1
L2 - SVSE APP-Bio menu
The APP-Bio pathway in the Life Science Bachelor's degree is entirely based on Problem and Project-Based Learning from L1 to L3. This student-centered, active pedagogy emphasizes cross-disciplinary skills as much as disciplinary skills in Biology. These skills are developed through team activities and independent personal work. Based on cross-disciplinary case studies in each Biology unit, students are expected to formulate and verify hypotheses, drawing on scientifically reliable references. Progressive autonomy in sorting information sources will be acquired over the course of 3 years.
Teaching is mainly in the form of tutorials and practical work, with scientific lectures and consolidation courses limited to 3 hours a week. Three times a week, the group is supervised by a tutor who reviews learning achievements and guides students in their learning. Assessments are aligned with learning outcomes. Numerous self-assessments will be available each week. Biology courses are organized sequentially, integrating elements of complementary disciplines (Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Statistics, English, etc.): You have only one Biology UE at any one time, so as soon as it's finished, you finish the assessments and move on to the next one. Each year, a professionalization or pre-professionalization unit validates your progress in cross-disciplinary skills, as well as your knowledge of the year's disciplines. The course concludes with a multidisciplinary team project in science popularization and a 2-month personal project or internship.
Classification and diversity in APP
6 creditsGeneral ecology in APP
4 creditsFunctional Biology of Animals in APP
5 creditsMetabolic biochemistry in APP
4 creditsEnglish S3 in APP
2 creditsFunctional biology of plants in APP
5 creditsStatistics and variability in APP
4 credits
APP development
6 creditsEnglish S4 in APP
2 creditsInteractions in APP Biology
14 creditsPre-professionalization 2 in Biology
2 creditsStatistics and modeling in APP
6 credits
L2 Health Engineering
Teaching fields : Health
Type of diploma : Bachelor's degree
Description :
The second year of the Bachelor's degree, L2 in Health Engineering, will enable students to acquire knowledge in physical-chemical, biological and pharmaceutical sciences.
Coherent grouping 1 UE Scientifiques Semestre 3
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
4 creditsModeling physicochemical systems
2.5 creditsVBA programming
2 creditsMicrobiology 1
4 creditsBiochemistry S3
4 creditsChemistry for biologists 2
3 creditsImmunology-Hematology
3.5 creditsBasics of Pharmacology
1.5 creditsFundamentals of Human Physiology
2 credits
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 3
PEC
1.5 creditsEnglish S3
2 credits
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 4
6 creditsCommunication and general culture in English
2 creditsGeneralities in Pharmaceutical Industry and Quality
2 creditsLV2
2 creditsChoice: 1 of 3
LV2 - German
2 creditsLV2 - Other language
2 creditsLV2 - Spanish
2 credits
Consistent grouping of 2 Scientific UE Semester 4
24 credits
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Learn about the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in plants and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules resulting from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized cell structures or groups. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed, as are their properties for industrial use as colorants, aromas, perfumes, medicines and biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) is discussed, and production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefining in Europe.                                             Â
Key words: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, valorization of biomolecules, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information :
Visits to 2 analytical platforms are planned at the Montpellier site (duration 1h30 each).
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Biological investigations
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarkers:
Molecular markers / genomic identification techniques in medicine and agronomy.
1) Notion of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP / ER nucleic probes
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic polymorphism analyses: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Studies of examples of applications in the food industry:
- study of a diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.Â
2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions...
4) HPLC and FPLC and gas chromatography.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description*: This second general chemistry teaching unit aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Biochemistry Techniques
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. The emphasis is on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, spectrophotometric protein assay techniques, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by hands-on experiments. The aim is to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical exercises.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Advanced cellular and molecular biology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to take a more in-depth look at the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in BMC2 and BMC3, using more concrete concepts in small groups. Lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to explain the main scientific approaches in simple terms, and to learn how to analyze and interpret results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: in vitro transcription and translation and GST-pull down interaction studies.) Practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, expression vector construction, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.  Â
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Biochemistry Techniques
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. The emphasis is on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, spectrophotometric protein assay techniques, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by hands-on experiments. The aim is to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical exercises.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description*: This second general chemistry teaching unit aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Animal behavior - Ethology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Learn about the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in plants and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules resulting from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized cell structures or groups. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed, as are their properties for industrial use as colorants, aromas, perfumes, medicines and biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) is discussed, and production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefining in Europe.                                             Â
Key words: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, valorization of biomolecules, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information :
Visits to 2 analytical platforms are planned at the Montpellier site (duration 1h30 each).
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms in their environment. These microorganisms act alone or in community. They can have negative or positive effects on plants, their growth, nutrition and health. In this module, we will present the different forms that these biotic interactions can take (symbioses, parasitism-pathogenicity), using popular biological models (mycorrhizal or nitrogen-fixing symbioses, diseases caused by different microorganisms). This will also be an opportunity to present emerging concepts in the field, such as the microbiome or the holobiont.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Learn about the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in plants and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules resulting from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized cell structures or groups. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed, as are their properties for industrial use as colorants, aromas, perfumes, medicines and biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) is discussed, and production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefining in Europe.                                             Â
Key words: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, valorization of biomolecules, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.
Additional information :
Visits to 2 analytical platforms are planned at the Montpellier site (duration 1h30 each).
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Experimental ecology and the scientific approach
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a practical course in the construction of a scientific ecology experiment: protocol design, setting up and monitoring the experiment, data analysis, oral and written reports.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Description of variability 2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is the complementary concrete application of the UE Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).
The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in R software, in parallel with the practical exercises, as well as obtaining graphs and numerical parameters to characterize the samples and their variability.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Fundamental ecology: concepts and methods
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organization, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors in the distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: the value of experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports of experiments, etc.
Mushroom ecology, diversity and evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course explores the biological, ecological and evolutionary dimensions of the fungal kingdom. Through a series of lectures, supported by group work sessions (Td and TP), students will familiarize themselves with these organisms, their biological specificities (particularly with regard to their reproduction) and their roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the role of fungi in human societies (food and medicine in particular) will be explored as part of this course, which also aims to analyze the links between biodiversity and human societies.
Basic plant biology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course covers the theoretical concepts of plant biology, using the spermatophyte group as a model. It aims to define the notions and specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.
Diversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
0h
The EU aims to describe the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, and to explain their origin and the dynamics of their appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on paleontology and zoology. It will focus on the origin of metazoans and the main divisions, diploblastic and triploblastic, as well as basic notions of phylogenetic positioning and relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence, etc.). The course is classically divided into lectures, tutorials aimed primarily at illustrating and supporting aspects of taxon biodiversity, and practical work in sessions aimed at acquiring skills, particularly and necessarily in dissection.
Comparative animal physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Objectives : Comparative study of major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.
Models covered: mammals compared with other vertebrate models (teleosts....) and invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.).
Description : This course covers some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation), as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teaching staff. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesize the key points to be retained in the form of a written summary. Practical and practical work will also be offered to illustrate the lectures.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Sedimentary geology, tectonics and cartography
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course brings together three complementary and fundamental disciplines in the earth sciences: sedimentology, tectonics and cartography. The different types of sedimentary rock will be taught in detail in order to interpret their formation context and associated processes. Ductile and brittle tectonic objects will also be covered at different scales, in order to establish their formation context, particularly in terms of stress regimes. Practical work on samples will be carried out in parallel to enable students to develop their observation and drawing skills, and to make the most of the rich collections available in the department. Finally, an introduction to reading and working with geological maps (diagrams, cross-sections) will be provided, applying the notions of sedimentology and tectonics previously acquired. The aim of this course is to enable students to outline the geological history of a given region.
Hourly volumes:
- CM : 12
- TD : 3
- TP: 21
Description of variability 2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is the complementary concrete application of the UE Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).
The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in R software, in parallel with the practical exercises, as well as obtaining graphs and numerical parameters to characterize the samples and their variability.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Fundamental ecology: concepts and methods
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organization, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors in the distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: the value of experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports of experiments, etc.
Mushroom ecology, diversity and evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course explores the biological, ecological and evolutionary dimensions of the fungal kingdom. Through a series of lectures, supported by group work sessions (Td and TP), students will familiarize themselves with these organisms, their biological specificities (particularly with regard to their reproduction) and their roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the role of fungi in human societies (food and medicine in particular) will be explored as part of this course, which also aims to analyze the links between biodiversity and human societies.
Basic plant biology
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course covers the theoretical concepts of plant biology, using the spermatophyte group as a model. It aims to define the notions and specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.
Diversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
0h
The EU aims to describe the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, and to explain their origin and the dynamics of their appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on paleontology and zoology. It will focus on the origin of metazoans and the main divisions, diploblastic and triploblastic, as well as basic notions of phylogenetic positioning and relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence, etc.). The course is classically divided into lectures, tutorials aimed primarily at illustrating and supporting aspects of taxon biodiversity, and practical work in sessions aimed at acquiring skills, particularly and necessarily in dissection.
Comparative animal physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Objectives : Comparative study of major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.
Models covered: mammals compared with other vertebrate models (teleosts....) and invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.).
Description : This course covers some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation), as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teaching staff. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesize the key points to be retained in the form of a written summary. Practical and practical work will also be offered to illustrate the lectures.
Diversity and evolution of past and present metazoans N2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the L2 S3 course, which focuses on describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, and on explaining their origin and the dynamics of their appearance, through the acquisition of skills in paleontology and zoology. In S4, the main focus will be on the major subdivisions within protostomian organisms such as lophotrochozoa (annelids, mollusks, brachiopods, etc.) and ecdysozoa (arthropods, nematodes, etc.), with emphasis on their phylogenetic relationships and their socio-economic importance and impact. The course is classically divided into lectures and tutorials, mainly aimed at illustrating and supporting aspects of taxon biodiversity, and practical work in sessions aimed at acquiring skills, in particular and necessarily through the performance of certain dissections.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
From genotype to phenotype
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In this course, students will learn about the links between an individual's genetic heritage and the development of its morphology, physiology and lifestyle. The focus will be on understanding the links between the information carried by the genome and the life cycle of the organism in question, via the cellular characteristics corresponding to the expression of genetic information. These data will be placed in an evolutionary framework and will shed light on some major evolutionary transitions, particularly in metazoans.
Functional ecology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Functional Ecology UE aims to provide a solid grounding in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and in particular the role played by living organisms in the flow of matter within them. The main processes covered are primary production, consumption and, in particular, herbivory, and the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter. For each of these processes, particular attention is paid to (1) the link between organisms' strategies and their function in the ecosystem, and (2) basing the presentation of concepts on field findings, highlighting characteristics of organisms or the ecosystem that students may encounter on field trips.
This course fits in with the broader presentation of ecology in S1 (HLBE304) and provides the concepts required for the L3 course on community ecology.
Emphasis is placed on practical aspects, in particular through a series of group assignments, where a simple but scientifically relevant hypothesis is experimentally tested using an appropriate protocol.
Hazard quantification
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a natural continuation of the "Description of variability" course presented in S3. Its aim is to provide the concepts and methods underpinning modern biostatistics, i.e. the quantification of randomness, which is an omnipresent issue in the life sciences. This course provides an introduction to inferential statistics: parametric and non-parametric tests, linear regression, analysis of variance. Particular attention will be paid to the conditions of application of these methods, as well as to the notions of type I and II errors, power, replication and confidence intervals. Each notion will be illustrated by analysis of real, diversified biological data, contributing to the biostatistical culture useful for training critical thinking with regard to scientific results. In addition to training in this reference language and the statistical tools it implements, practical work in R will enable students to understand what they have learned in class and apply the methods presented.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Earth materials
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to introduce the concepts and tools needed to observe and describe minerals and magmatic and metamorphic rocks, and to understand their genesis. The course begins with an introduction to the concepts of mineralogy (crystallography, crystallochemistry) and the tools needed to identify the constituent minerals of magmatic and metamorphic rocks. You will then study the structure and nature of the mantle, as well as the processes involved from magma formation to the eruption of magmatic rocks: partial melting processes, crystallization, crustal assimilation, magmatic mixing. You'll learn to distinguish the different magmatic series by their chemical composition and physical properties. The link between eruptive processes, volcanic hazards and risks will also be discussed. The third part introduces the main variables (pressure, temperature, time) and the different geodynamic contexts of metamorphism. We'll look at the different metamorphic facies, structures and textures of metamorphic rocks, and you'll learn to recognize mineral reactions and interpret them in terms of metamorphic evolution.
The coupled study of magmatic and metamorphic rocks will provide the basis for understanding issues related to the geodynamics of the inner Earth, geochemical cycles, mineral resources...
History of plants and natural environments
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course approaches the history of plants diachronically, by studying each of the major geological periods (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic), and transversally, by examining in greater depth certain methods for studying paleoenvironments (macroflora, palynology, climate, geochemistry, biomechanics, etc.).
After an introductory CM, the CMs present the history of plants by major geological period (CM2-3: Paleozoic; CM4-5: Mesozoic; CM6-8: Cenozoic) and cross-cutting approaches (CM9-10: Isotope geochemistry; CM11-12: Biomechanics).
TP1, Paleozoic Macroflora (Graissessac); TP2-3, Early Pleistocene Macroflora (Bernasso); TP4, Late Pleistocene Pollen (La Gourre); TP5, Holocene Geochemistry.
Ecophysiology of Aquatic Organisms
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand the mechanisms used by organisms to cope with the constraints of the aquatic environment. Using animal models (mollusks, crustaceans, fish) and plant models (macro- and microalgae, aquatic angiosperms), this course will cover the various dimensions of the adaptive biology of organisms, from their capacity to acclimatize and adapt to change, to their physiological limits and the optimization of phenotypic traits in response to environmental constraints. This UE aims to study :Â
- major concepts and approaches in ecophysiology ;
- ecophysiological responses (from gene expression to organism performance and behavior), using various aquatic ecosystems (intertidal, estuarine, polar, cavernicolous and abyssal) as examples;
- the integration of structure-function relationships in a given environmental context.
On a practical level, this course will enable students to study the functioning of organisms by means of simple physiological measurements, and to learn how to set up experiments. Presentations of scientific articles chosen by the teaching staff will complement the knowledge acquired in class.Â
Eukaryotes Parasites
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course presents the biology of eukaryotic parasitic organisms, taking into account their diversity. Both unicellular and vertebrate organisms will be covered.
In addition to physiological, anatomical and morphological aspects, a great deal of attention will be devoted to describing their life cycles, which necessarily include a phase of transmission to an obligate host.
Naturalist Specialization 1
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim is to provide students with knowledge of the biology, ecology and evolution of the three taxonomic groups in question. In addition to species identification (which will be covered extensively), this course will cover the evolution and systematics of the taxonomic group in question, fundamental ecology (evolutionary and functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation), physiology, legislation and study and identification methods.
After a general introductory course, 2 parallel courses will be offered. One will focus on Mediterranean flora, the other on fauna (amphibians, reptiles and birds).
Flore
The French Mediterranean rim is home to more than 2/3 of the rich diversity of flora in mainland France. This course is an introduction to this exceptional diversity and its underlying mechanisms. It is designed to enable students 1. to describe a plant in such a way as to highlight the characteristics useful for identification, and 2. to use different determination tools and understand their strengths and limitations. Teaching will incorporate innovative teaching approaches, combining the use of traditional (paper flora) and digital (FloreNum, PlantNet) tools, to enable learning adapted to the student's knowledge (from beginner to enlightened amateur). Species identification will form the basis for studying their biology and ecology, as well as evolution and phylogeny. To this end, workshops will be held in parallel with the practical sessions: 1. construction of a morphological classification to be compared with classical classifications (morphological and phylogenetic), 2. introduction to species ecology through a habitat-based approach, and 3. diachronic study of developmental biology by monitoring the growth of wild species planted under controlled conditions.
Animals
The aim is for students to acquire/deepen a body of knowledge on the biology of birds, amphibians and reptiles, which are models of choice in fundamental ecology (ethology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation biology) and environmental education/teaching. In addition to species identification, this line of work will address the evolution and systematics of these taxa, their physiology, and their ecological and behavioral particularities.
Each group (Fauna - Flora) will have at its disposal 12 hours of fieldwork (half of which will be common to both groups) to be carried out according to modalities to be defined (4 outings of 1/2 day, or 2 long outings of one day). Practical work can be carried out on university sites (university campus - Labex CEMEB experimental field at CEFE - Botanical Garden) that are suitable for studying different organisms.
Cross-cutting notion
The UE is organized around a notion common to both groups of practical work, which, through a reversed class, will enable us to use observed species as a starting point for identifying concepts central to conservation biology. In S4, the focus will be on distribution (chorology) and the notion of rarity at different spatial scales. These concepts will support methodological questions, notably concerning the estimation of organism abundance. To this end, at the end of the sequence, students will present a taxon of their choice, from among those proposed in the EU, which illustrates the notion of distribution.
Basic conservation biology and physiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to link knowledge of biology and physiology with demography and population evolution. This approach aims to lay the foundations for conservation biology, by providing elements for predicting how animal and plant organisms and populations respond to ecosystem changes and sources of stress.
Teaching methods :
Tutorials in the form of presentation and discussion of scientific data or in a "reversed" form with contributions from small groups, independent group projects, analysis of concrete restoration cases;
TD1: presentation of the UE: concepts, activities, teaching methods. Establishment of the reverse TD program
TD2: Ecophysiology and environmental physiology (definitions); case studies (invasive species, reintroductions, ecological developments)
TD3: Analyses of the consequences of major pollutions (marine and terrestrial), ecological engineering, passive and active biomonitoring tools.
TD4 to 16: In "inverted" form (students in an "active" position, supplemented by the teacher), a series of interventions designed to set up
- the links between biology and life strategy on the one hand, and life-history traits on the other, taking several characteristic examples (animal and plant species, generalist/specialist species, rare species - types of rarity - or widespread or even invasive species);
- building a population's demographics
- changes in the demography of a population as a result of various disturbances, particularly long-term disturbances affecting the population's ability to evolve.
Two tutorial sessions (3h in total): analysis of different conservation and biomonitoring strategies, taking into account knowledge of organism physiology as well as ecological and behavioral particularities. Research & analysis of documents, synthesis and oral presentation of studies / debate.
Practical work: plant ecophysiological analyses, animal ecophysiological analyses using non-invasive approaches (behavior, physiological and bioenergetic analyses).
Plant diversity
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The EU covers the different groups of plants ("algae", "cryptogams", spermatophytes), specifying for each of them their position and phylogenetic nature (mono- or paraphyletic group), their origin and their morpho-anatomical, reproductive and ecological specificities.
4 CM present different plant groups: CM1, diversity of "algae"; CM2, life cycles of "algae"; CM3, "cryptogams"; CM4, Spermatophytes.
6 TDs cover cross-disciplinary concepts based on oral or written exercises: TD1, Biological cycles; TD2, Endosymbiosis; TD3, Interactions; TD4, Adaptation; TD5, Polyploidy; TD6, Phylogeny.
6 practical sessions illustrate the concepts covered in the lectures and practical sessions using living material: TP1, "algae "1 ; TP2, "algae "2 ; TP3, "bryophytes" ; TP4, "pteridophytes" ; TP5, Gymnosperms, vegetative apparatus ; TP6, Gymnosperms, reproduction.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Biochemistry Techniques
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. The emphasis is on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, spectrophotometric protein assay techniques, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by hands-on experiments. The aim is to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical exercises.
Health: Major issues
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a general culture course covering a wide range of topical issues relating to human health. In the form of 1.5-hour mini-seminars, it will cover a wide range of topics, with a pragmatic yet critical approach. The many speakers in this course will bring their expertise to bear on subjects such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, nutrition, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neuroscience, emerging diseases and the therapeutic treatments of today and tomorrow. Each talk will not only provide cutting-edge knowledge and critical analysis of their subjects, but will also guide students in researching and filtering scientific information to combat misinformation. On the major human health issues of the 21st century, we'll address the real questions, the false polemics, and the solutions we can provide.Â
Biological investigations
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarkers:
Molecular markers / genomic identification techniques in medicine and agronomy.
1) Notion of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP / ER nucleic probes
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic polymorphism analyses: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Studies of examples of applications in the food industry:
- study of a diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.Â
2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions...
4) HPLC and FPLC and gas chromatography.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Health: Major issues
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a general culture course covering a wide range of topical issues relating to human health. In the form of 1.5-hour mini-seminars, it will cover a wide range of topics, with a pragmatic yet critical approach. The many speakers in this course will bring their expertise to bear on subjects such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, nutrition, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neuroscience, emerging diseases and the therapeutic treatments of today and tomorrow. Each talk will not only provide cutting-edge knowledge and critical analysis of their subjects, but will also guide students in researching and filtering scientific information to combat misinformation. On the major human health issues of the 21st century, we'll address the real questions, the false polemics, and the solutions we can provide.Â
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Advanced cellular and molecular biology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to take a more in-depth look at the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in BMC2 and BMC3, using more concrete concepts in small groups. Lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to explain the main scientific approaches in simple terms, and to learn how to analyze and interpret results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: in vitro transcription and translation and GST-pull down interaction studies.) Practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, expression vector construction, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.  Â
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Biochemistry Techniques
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. The emphasis is on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, spectrophotometric protein assay techniques, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by hands-on experiments. The aim is to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical exercises.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Advanced cellular and molecular biology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to take a more in-depth look at the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in BMC2 and BMC3, using more concrete concepts in small groups. Lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to explain the main scientific approaches in simple terms, and to learn how to analyze and interpret results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: in vitro transcription and translation and GST-pull down interaction studies.) Practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, expression vector construction, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.  Â
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Basic computer concepts and tools: PIX
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Data base :
1- Information and data
Research and monitor information (search engines, social networks, etc.)
Data management (file manager, databases, etc.)
Data processing (spreadsheet)
2- Communication and collaboration
Interact (e-mail, videoconferencing, etc.)
Share and publish (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)
Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)
Enter the digital world (develop a public presence on the web...)
3- Content creation
Developing text documents (word processing, presentation, etc.)
Develop multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing, etc.)
Adapt documents to their purpose (format conversion tools, etc.)
Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)
4- Protection and safety
Securing the digital environment (protective software, encryption, etc.)
Protecting personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)
Protecting health, well-being and the environment
5- Environment and digital
Solve technical problems (software configuration and maintenance, etc.)
Building a digital environment (operating system, installing new software, etc.)
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
Basic computer concepts and tools: PIX
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Data base :
1- Information and data
Research and monitor information (search engines, social networks, etc.)
Data management (file manager, databases, etc.)
Data processing (spreadsheet)
2- Communication and collaboration
Interact (e-mail, videoconferencing, etc.)
Share and publish (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)
Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)
Enter the digital world (develop a public presence on the web...)
3- Content creation
Developing text documents (word processing, presentation, etc.)
Develop multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing, etc.)
Adapt documents to their purpose (format conversion tools, etc.)
Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)
4- Protection and safety
Securing the digital environment (protective software, encryption, etc.)
Protecting personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)
Protecting health, well-being and the environment
5- Environment and digital
Solve technical problems (software configuration and maintenance, etc.)
Building a digital environment (operating system, installing new software, etc.)
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Advanced cellular and molecular biology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to take a more in-depth look at the fundamental molecular and cellular processes seen in BMC2 and BMC3, using more concrete concepts in small groups. Lessons will be based on real data (experimental results, scientific articles) to explain the main scientific approaches in simple terms, and to learn how to analyze and interpret results (Example 1: show an interaction in cellulo by expression of tagged proteins in cell lines followed by immunoprecipitation and western-blot. Example 2: principle of immunofluorescence, intracellular distribution of an antigen. Example 3: in vitro transcription and translation and GST-pull down interaction studies.) Practical exercises will illustrate some of these basic approaches: cell culture, expression vector construction, transfection, immunolabeling, fluorescence microscopy.  Â
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Symbiotic and Plant Pathogen Interactions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms in their environment. These microorganisms act alone or in community. They can have negative or positive effects on plants, their growth, nutrition and health. In this module, we will present the different forms that these biotic interactions can take (symbioses, parasitism-pathogenicity), using popular biological models (mycorrhizal or nitrogen-fixing symbioses, diseases caused by different microorganisms). This will also be an opportunity to present emerging concepts in the field, such as the microbiome or the holobiont.
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Microbiology 2
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to broaden previously acquired knowledge in various areas of microbiology, in particular microbial ecology.
She will focus on pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. Applications of microorganisms in biotechnology will be discussed. It will describe the mode of action of antibiotics and associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.
This course will introduce the notion of viral ecology, presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be dealt with more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phagic infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated by studying the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.
Our knowledge of microorganisms will be extended by the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.
Practical work will focus on carrying out an antibiogram and its interpretation, and on bacteriophage titration.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Biological investigations
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarkers:
Molecular markers / genomic identification techniques in medicine and agronomy.
1) Notion of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP / ER nucleic probes
2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.
3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics
4) Other genomic polymorphism analyses: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.
Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques
1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Studies of examples of applications in the food industry:
- study of a diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)
Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)
1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).
2) Affinity chromatography
2.1) Principle of this type of analysis
2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel.Â
2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research.
3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions...
4) HPLC and FPLC and gas chromatography.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Membrane transfer
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The Membrane Transfer course (semester 4) aims to describe the role and different types of membrane transfer. The course covers membrane permeability (i) to water (osmosis; water transfer mechanisms; aquaporins); (ii) to ions and solutes (factors affecting ion exchange: electroneutrality and osmotic equilibrium). Transporters; ionic and non-ionic channels. Genetic diseases linked to transfers: channelopathies and co-transportopathies.
Neurobiology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The "Neurobiology" course covers basic knowledge of how the nervous system functions and is organized. The course covers the anatomy of the central nervous system and the main functions of the various structures. It also includes a CM on cellular neurobiology, covering the fundamentals of neuronal physiology. The practical sessions go into greater detail on certain important points, and include exercises based on the lectures.
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Basics of plant physiology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This is a cross-disciplinary L2 SV course designed to provide Biology students with a basic knowledge of how plants function, enabling them to understand current issues in plant agro-sciences.
The following basic notions of Plant Physiology / Functional Biology will be studied:Â
essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics
basics of autotrophy
mechanisms underlying the main stages in angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.
auxin, a major hormone in plant development and response to the abiotic environment
Practical work sessions will enable students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and analyze their mineral nutrition using various biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry).Â
Description of variability 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
EU description (max 10 lines):
The aim of this course is to help students understand how to measure variation in biology, and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples drawn from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools for measuring this variation and the graphical methods for representing it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.
Competencies targeted by the EU (see competency framework):
- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Fundamentals of Animal Physiology and Immunology
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This module will enable students to acquire :
Physiology basics : concept of homeostasis; levels of organization of the human body; compartments of the internal environment; study of the endocrine system; acid-base and hydro-mineral balance; anatomical and functional studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Immunology basics :
General presentation of the immune system; study of T and B lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells; study of antimicrobial immunity and complement.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Fluid biophysics
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The first part (around 1/3) of the module deals with (biological) processes whose time evolution is described by an exponential law (growth or decay).
Radioactivity will be discussed, as an illustration of such a process, and for its applications in the biology-health-environment field (dating, tracing, etc.).
The second part (around 2/3) of the module introduces the concepts of fluid and pressure, and presents the laws of hydrostatics (fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem).
Fluid dynamics will be introduced, including the concepts of flow, viscosity, sedimentation and centrifugation, in connection with the Biology-Health sector.
List of Chapters :
- Exponential variations
- Radioactivity (radioactive decay, activity)
- Fluids: definition, properties, notion of pressure
- Hydrostatics: fundamental law of fluid statics, Archimedes' theorem.
- Elements of hydrodynamics: flows, Bernouilli's theorem
- Viscosity; Sedimentation and centrifugation
Chemistry Agro Vet
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit is specific to the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive entrance exams. It supplements and completes the chemistry courses in L1 and S3.
The teaching will be dedicated to the correction of competitive exam annals and to training through regular quizzes.
The following courses will be taught in parallel:
In Organic Chemistry
Functional organic chemistry: the way ahead for HAV310C
Carbonyl derivatives, aldehydes and ketones Part 2
Acids and acid derivatives
Some biomolecules (sugars, amino acids) and multi-step syntheses
Regular training on competition subjects
Physical and General Chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics and physical chemistry as advanced by the HAV310C program
Training on competition-type subjects
- Chemical kinetics
- Reaction mechanisms
Solution chemistry
- Electron transfer in aqueous phase
- Complexes in aqueous solution
Food-Nutrition-Health
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
In a context where nutrition has become the focus of interest for an increasingly broad public, the aim of this EU course is to establish food consumption benchmarks using a scientific approach.
This course covers the basics of food and nutrition, describing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, vitamins and minerals), nutritional requirements and the different food groups. A number of food processes and technologies are also covered.Â
Biotechnologies and the challenge of sustainable agronomy
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course is aimed at L2 Life Sciences students wishing to learn more about how biotechnologies can help meet current and future challenges in the sustainable production of agricultural and agri-food resources.
Man uses the properties of photosynthetic organisms and microorganisms to obtain and process a wide range of resources and services: food products for humans and livestock, therapeutic molecules, construction materials, etc. This use is dependent on natural conditions, and its impact on the environment is likely to be reciprocal, for example via the withdrawal or deterioration of limited and/or non-renewable resources (water, soil, etc.). For resource production to be sustainable, it is therefore important that its organization (the concept of agronomy) incorporates knowledge of these impacts, and relies on an understanding of the properties of plants and micro-organisms to meet these challenges. The development and use of new biotechnologies in the fields of applied genetics and plant physiology, the use of microorganisms, and the favorable or unfavorable interactions between these microorganisms and plants all play a major role in these sustainable agronomy strategies.
Animal behavior - Ethology
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this teaching unit is to take an integrative approach to animal behavior, in the light of Tinbergen's four "whys": from ontogeny and neurobiological causes to evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual and methodological contributions, students will be coached to grasp the diversity of traits involved, as well as the diversity of approaches and associated scientific questioning. Using a variety of examples, this course will highlight the diversity of disciplines studying animal behavior: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and will provide students with the information they need to continue their studies in the appropriate fields: Animal Physiology and Neuroscience/ Evolutionary Biology and Ecology/ Others....
BioInfo
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1- Linux basics (1.5h CM + 3hTD) : Basic commands to navigate under Linux and understand the logic of this language. Small information extraction exercises in bash/shell. Element used to analyze alignment files.
2- Database (3h CM + 4,5hTD): knowledge of the main bibliographic and biological databases (NCBI, Ensembl, Galaxie...). Relevant and efficient queries, exploitation, sorting, description of different formats.
3- Sequence analysis (1.5hCM + 4.5H TD): Alignment and comparison of sequences with a short introduction to phylogeny (dot plot, Blast ...).
Cellular and Molecular Biology 3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S4 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
- Cell biology: 4 major themes will be covered: 1) Cell cytoskeleton function, 2) Cell adhesion, 3) Protein trafficking, 4) Introduction to cell cycle regulation. Cell biology methodologies will also be presented: immunoprecipitation to highlight protein interactions, fluorescence videomicroscopy to monitor cell distribution dynamics, assessment of the importance of proteins of interest in a cellular process by strategies to modulate their expression (RNA interference, overexpression).
- Molecular biology : After acquiring knowledge of transcription and translation mechanisms in Semester 3, we'll move on to the regulation of gene expression: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, the basics of expression regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes.
Interview preparation
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This UE is designed for L2 Life Sciences students preparing for the B competitive entrance exam to national agronomy and veterinary schools (Parcours Prépa Concours Agro Véto). This competitive entrance exam includes a 30-minute oral interview with the jury, half of which counts towards the admission mark. This test corresponds to a recruitment interview, during which the student must convince the jury of the maturity of his or her professional project and the coherence of his or her training path to achieve this project.
The aim of this course is to prepare students for this type of recruitment interview (in terms of content and form) by guiding them in the following areas
- the arguments relating to their professional project on the one hand, and their training, aptitudes and aspirations on the other, and the coherence between these two aspects
- convey this argument in writing by means of an appropriate CV
- a clear, concise and organized presentation of this argument during the oral presentation (first part of the interview)
- answers to the jury's questions
Sciences et Sociétés oral preparation
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
More than ever, science and technology are at the heart of our societies. Many of them are sources of ethical, societal and economic challenges. Some of them represent major societal challenges in terms of both health (GMOs, pesticides, stem cells, etc.) and the environment (loss of biodiversity, climate change).
We will use articles published in daily and weekly newspapers on scientific issues of societal concern. The aim is firstly to present the article, the theme at stake and the author's position. Secondly, by opening up a debate, the aim is to develop the ability to argue, listen and respect different points of view. This course also prepares students for the Science & Société test in the PCAV B competitive examination.
Introduction to evolution
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand evolutionary processes on both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
Using examples, manipulations and accessible modeling, the aim of the lessons is to present, in a concrete and quantitative way, the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating on the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (tree reading and construction), making it possible to study macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and trace changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.
Physiology of major functions
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Physiology of major functions (semester 4) aims to describe the role and interactions of the body's various systems in maintaining a constant internal environment. Acquisition of anatomical and functional knowledge of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and renal systems and their nervous and hormonal controls. Understand the combined action of these major systems through examples of integrative physiology and pathologies: respiratory and cardiac insufficiency; hemorrhage; exposure to extreme environments.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Chemistry written test practice
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit is specific to the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive entrance exams. It supplements and completes the chemistry courses in L1 and S3.
The teaching will be dedicated to the correction of competitive exam annals and to training through regular quizzes.
The following courses will be taught in parallel:
In Organic Chemistry
Functional organic chemistry: the way ahead for HAV310C
Carbonyl derivatives, aldehydes and ketones Part 2
Acids and acid derivatives
Some biomolecules (sugars, amino acids) and multi-step syntheses
Regular training on competition subjects
Physical and General Chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics and physical chemistry as advanced by the HAV310C program
Training on competition-type subjects
- Chemical kinetics
- Reaction mechanisms
Solution chemistry
- Electron transfer in aqueous phase
- Complexes in aqueous solution
Genetics 1
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn about the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. The course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian or non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics and notions of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.
Classification and diversity in APP
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional Biology of Animals in APP
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Metabolic biochemistry in APP
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Functional biology of plants in APP
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Statistics and variability in APP
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Interactions in APP Biology
ECTS
14 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Pre-professionalization 2 in Biology
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Statistics and modeling in APP
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Coherent grouping 1 UE Scientifiques Semestre 3
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Cellular and Molecular Biology 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.
Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.
Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.
Modeling physicochemical systems
ECTS
2.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Modeling physicochemical systems EC/CC
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical systems modeling Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Microbiology 1
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This course provides a basic understanding of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.
For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfer between bacteria will also be covered.
A number of eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, lifestyle, ecological role or parasitism, as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, and modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be covered. The principles of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principles of antiviral vaccination and treatment will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
Practical work will introduce students to techniques for sterile handling of microorganisms, bacterial counting and conjugation.
Biochemistry S3
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory course enables students to consolidate the foundations of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a cross-disciplinary study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michael enzymology, description of the metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be addressed through the presentation and analysis of techniques for measuring enzymatic activity, purifying, quantifying and detecting proteins.
Chemistry for biologists 2
Study level
BAC +2
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This second unit of general chemistry is designed to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, particularly those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism, which would require a much greater time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions, and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.
In advance of certain courses and tutorials, students will work on written and audio course documents, to ensure that classroom teaching and tutorials enable them to play a full part in the training, understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.
Immunology-Hematology
ECTS
3.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Basics of Pharmacology
ECTS
1.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Basics of Pharmacology Oral/Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Fundamentals of Human Physiology TP
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 3
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Coherent grouping of 3 UE Transversales, lingui. Semester 4
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Communication and general culture in English
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Generalities in Pharmaceutical Industry and Quality
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
General information on the pharmaceutical industry
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Consistent grouping of 2 Scientific UE Semester 4
ECTS
24 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Clinical biology practices
ECTS
3.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical biophysics
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical biophysics TP Reports
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Biocellular and Biomol and Health Engineering
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical approaches to pharmaceutical substances
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physicochemical approaches to pharmaceutical substances. Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Physico-chemical approach to pharmaceutical substances TP
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Metabolic biochemistry
Study level
BAC +2
Component
Faculty of Science
This compulsory UE will enable students to deepen their skills acquired in "S3 biochemistry". It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism through:
-understanding bioenergetics to study the processes by which living cells transport, transmit, use, accumulate and release energy;
-studying the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.
- description of metabolic pathologies.
Statistics and Health Engineering
ECTS
2.5 credits
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Statistics and Health Engineering Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy
Statistics and Health Engineering Practical or Written
Component
Faculty of Pharmacy