Coherent grouping 1 UE Scientifiques Semestre 3

This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.

Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.

Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.

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This course provides the fundamental basis of microbiology. It will detail the structures of microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and viruses. It will give an overview of the diversity of these microorganisms and describe their mode of multiplication.

For bacteria, trophic types and factors influencing growth will be developed, as well as the study of growth in a non-renewed environment. Genetics and horizontal transfers between bacteria will be discussed.
Some eukaryotic microorganisms will be studied: habitat, life style, ecological role or parasitism as well as their mode of development.
In virology, the main multiplication cycles of viruses will be detailed, the modes of transmission and the notion of viral pathogenesis will be discussed. The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The principle of anti-viral vaccination and anti-viral treatments will be presented and illustrated with concrete examples.
The practical work will allow the initiation to the techniques of sterile manipulation of microorganisms, to the counting of bacteria and to conjugation.

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This compulsory course allows students to consolidate the basics of biochemistry acquired in L1 by approaching this discipline through a transversal study of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis. Several areas of biochemistry will be covered: the basics of Michaelian enzymology, the description of metabolic reactions involved in glycolysis. Finally, the technical aspect will be approached by the presentation and the analysis of the techniques allowing to measure an enzymatic activity, to purify, to quantify and to detect proteins.

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This second unit of general chemistry aims to consolidate and deepen the study of reactions in aqueous solution, especially those involving the formation of metal complexes. The principles of thermodynamics will be presented and applied to the study of chemical equilibria of biological interest. Rather than a presentation using mathematical formalism that would require a much larger time commitment, the student will be asked to understand the physical meaning of these principles and the main thermodynamic functions and to apply them to chemical systems, often of biological interest. In particular, resting membrane potentials and the use of pH potential diagrams in biology will be presented.

The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) so that the classroom teaching in courses and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired.

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