Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications

Understand the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating their biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules derived from plant secondary metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied in terms of their biosynthesis in plants and the differentiation of specialized structures or cell groups. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches aimed at metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed, as well as their properties utilized by industry as colorants, flavorings, fragrances, medications, and biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials is addressed (paper pulp, rubber, plastics), and the production processes are described. Understanding the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms regulating their biosynthesis in plants remains a major challenge for the development of biorefineries in Europe.                                              

Keywords: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, biomolecule valorization, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.

Additional information:

Tours of two analytical platforms are scheduled at the Montpellier campus (1 hour and 30 minutes each)

- Raise awareness of the field of biomolecule valorization worldwide. Explore green and white biotechnologies and metabolic engineering. Integrate these efforts into the broader context of the ecological and economic transition. 

- Understand the diversity of molecules in living organisms, particularly plants, and be able to place them within a metabolic context

- Understand the key properties of biomolecules, including their functional groups, conformation, and degree of polymerization

- Discuss the principles of extraction and analysis based on the properties and sizes of the substances

- Utilization of biomolecules in a wide range of fields, from the agri-food industry to healthcare

Cell biology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry