Biological investigations

This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarkers:

Molecular markers / genomic identification techniques in medicine and agronomy.

1) Notion of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP / ER nucleic probes

2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.

3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics

4) Other genomic polymorphism analyses: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.

Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques

1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Studies of examples of applications in the food industry:
- study of a diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)

Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)

1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).

2) Affinity chromatography

2.1) Principle of this type of analysis

2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel. 

2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research.

3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions...

4) HPLC and FPLC and gas chromatography.

- Mastery of molecular markers for analysis and molecular diagnostics

- Mastery of antigenic markers and current immunological analysis techniques.

- Mastery of chromatographic techniques for analysis and fractionation.