CHOIX2

This course is a continuation of the S3 Biochemistry course. The emphasis is on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, spectrophotometric protein assay techniques, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by hands-on experiments. The aim is to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical exercises.

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This is a general culture course covering a wide range of topical issues relating to human health. In the form of 1.5-hour mini-seminars, it will cover a wide range of topics, with a pragmatic yet critical approach. The many speakers in this course will bring their expertise to bear on subjects such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, nutrition, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neuroscience, emerging diseases and the therapeutic treatments of today and tomorrow. Each talk will not only provide cutting-edge knowledge and critical analysis of their subjects, but will also guide students in researching and filtering scientific information to combat misinformation. On the major human health issues of the 21st century, we'll address the real questions, the false polemics, and the solutions we can provide. 

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This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarkers:

Molecular markers / genomic identification techniques in medicine and agronomy.

1) Notion of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP / ER nucleic probes

2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.

3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics

4) Other genomic polymorphism analyses: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.

Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques

1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Studies of examples of applications in the food industry:
- study of a diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)

Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)

1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).

2) Affinity chromatography

2.1) Principle of this type of analysis

2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel. 

2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research.

3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions...

4) HPLC and FPLC and gas chromatography.

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