CHOICE2

This course builds on the Biochemistry S3 course. This course places greater emphasis on practical aspects. The principles of standard biochemistry techniques (protein separation techniques, protein measurement techniques using spectrophotometry, Western Blot/Elisa, etc.) will be covered in class, followed by practical experiments related to these techniques. Students will be required to interpret and analyze the experiments proposed in the practical sessions.

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This is a general education course that will cover many current topics related to human health. This course will address a wide variety of topics in the form of 1.5-hour mini-seminars, using both a pragmatic and critical approach. The numerous speakers in this course will contribute their expertise on topics such as immunity, molecular biology, cancer, nutrition, diagnosis, vaccination, bioethics, ecology, neuroscience, emerging diseases, and current and future therapeutic treatments. Each lecture will not only aim to provide cutting-edge knowledge and engage in critical analysis of their subjects, but also to guide students in researching and filtering scientific information in order to combat misinformation. On the major challenges of human health in the 21st century, we will address the real issues, the false controversies, and the solutions we can bring to them. 

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This EU is dedicated to biological markers. It is a preliminary introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It covers various aspects of biomarking:

Molecular markers/techniques for identification through genomic analysis in medicine and agronomy.

1) Concept of polymorphism and detection technique: RFLP/ER nucleic acid probes

2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.

3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics

4) Other genomic analyses of polymorphism: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.

Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques

1) Basic concepts in immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Immunoenzymatic assay methods
Case studies of applications in the agri-food industry:
- study of the beet rhizomania diagnostic kit (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- assessment of fish freshness by histamine determination (competitive ELISA)

Biochemical identification of protein markers and others (metabolites)

1) Fundamentals of chromatography and physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).

2) Affinity chromatography

2.1) Principle of this type of analysis

2.2) Search for the best tag for the preparation of a specific gel. 

2.3) Their usefulness for different fields of research investigation.

3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and other interactions...

4) HPLC, FPLC, and gas chromatography.

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