Profile 2 BE

This UE is a practical teaching of construction of an experiment in scientific ecology: construction of a protocol, implementation and follow-up of the experiment, data analysis, oral and written reports.

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This UE is a transversal UE of L2 SV aiming at giving to the students in Biology a basic knowledge on the functioning of plants allowing to understand the current stakes of the plant Agro-sciences.

The following basic Plant Physiology/Functional Biology will be studied: 

essential experimental approaches: plant transgenesis, direct and reverse genetics

basics of autotrophy

mechanisms underlying the major stages of angiosperm development: meristem function, floral transition, fertilization.

auxin, a major hormone for the development of plants and their response to the abiotic environment

The practical sessions will allow students to manipulate the regulation of water nutrition in plants and to analyze their mineral nutrition using different biochemical assays (flame photometry, spectrophotometry). 

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Description of the EU (max 10 lines):

The objective of this course is to understand how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples from various disciplines of biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphical methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.

Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):

- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns

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This course is the complementary practical application of the course Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).

The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in the R software, in parallel with the practical exercises, as well as the obtaining of graphs and numerical parameters allowing to characterize the samples and their variability.

Competences aimed at by the UE (see reference frame of competences):

- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through the analysis of biological patterns

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This course is an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organization, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors of distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: the importance of experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports of an experiment

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This teaching unit aims to explore the fungal kingdom in its biological, ecological and evolutionary dimensions. Through a series of lectures, supported by group work sessions (Td and TP), students will become familiar with these organisms, their biological specificities (particularly with regard to their reproduction) and their roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the place of fungi in human societies (food and medicine in particular) will be explored in the framework of this course, which also aims to analyze the links between biodiversity and human societies.

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This course deals with the theoretical notions of plant biology, using the Spermatophytes as a model. It aims at defining the notions and the specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.

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The EU is interested in describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organizational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as in explaining their origin and their dynamics of appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on paleontology and zoology. It will mainly deal with the origin of metazoans and the main divisions that are diploblastic and triploblastic as well as basic notions related to the positioning and phylogenetic relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence...). It is classically divided into lectures, tutorials that will mainly aim at illustrating and supporting aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa and practical work in sessions aiming at the acquisition of skills, especially and necessarily in dissection.

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Objectives of the course: Comparative study of the major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.

Models addressed: mammals in comparison with other vertebrate models (teleosts....) and invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, mollusks,...).

Description: This course will cover some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation) as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teachers. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesize the key points to be retained in the form of a written summary. Practical work and a practical test will also be offered to illustrate the courses.

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