CHOICE 1

The origin, nature, and future of deposits in sedimentary basins.

Series of 15 classes / lectures / discussions and lab sessions / tutorials

Course Content / Integrated Lectures, Lab, and Tutorials (sedimentary basins, continental weathering,

sediment transport, detrital and carbonate environments, factors affecting sedimentation: sequential stratigraphy, diagenesis)

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The course aims to provide students with an integrative approach to the morphology, anatomy, and development of the vegetative and reproductive systems of spermatophytes, from ecological, functional, and evolutionary perspectives. Students implement this approach through a supervised project focused on the study of a model plant, taking into account interindividual variability, different stages of development, site conditions, and biological type.

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The structure of this course is similar to that developed in S4. The objective is to provide students with knowledge of the biology, ecology, and evolution of the three taxonomic groups in question. Beyond species identification (which will be covered extensively), this course unit will address the evolution and systematics of the taxonomic group in question, fundamental ecology (evolutionary and functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation), physiology, legislation, as well as methods of study and identification.

Following a general introductory session, two parallel tracks will be offered. One will focus on cryptogams (algae, lichens, mosses, and fungi), and the other on fauna (chiropods and arthropods).

Cryptogames

The objective of this module is to familiarize students with the extremely diverse groups of organisms known as bryophytes, phaeophytes, and fungi. The approach is 1) to explore these little-known diversities through a naturalistic lens, 2) to place these observations in an evolutionary context (phylogenetic aspects), and 3) to relate the observations to the role of these organisms in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Finally, the module will address aspects of daily life—whether economic or civic—related to species (toxicology, food, medicine).

Wildlife

The goal for students is to acquire or deepen their knowledge of the biology of arthropods and bats, which are taxonomic groups of great interest, both from the perspective of fundamental ecological studies (ethology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology), as in applied ecology (conservation biology) and environmental education/teaching. Beyond species identification, this area of study will address the evolution and systematics of these taxa, their physiology, their ecological and behavioral characteristics, and their roles in ecosystems. Instruction will incorporate innovative pedagogical approaches, combining the use of traditional tools (visual recognition) with modern ones (acoustic identification using software). Among the arthropods, the groups of particular focus will be Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera, which represent highly diverse orders that will best enable us to address the concept of species, which is central to biology. Species identification will serve as a foundation for studying their biology and ecology and for exploring the concepts of evolution and phylogeny.

Each group (Fauna – Cryptogams) will have 12 hours of fieldwork time available (half of which will be shared by both groups), to be carried out according to terms to be determined (4 half-day field trips, or 2 full-day field trips). The practical sessions may be held at university sites (the university campus, the Labex CEMEB experimental plot at the CEFE, and the Botanical Garden) that are suitable for studying the various organisms.

Cross-Curricular Concept

The EU is organized around a concept common to both practical training groups, which—through a flipped classroom approach—will allow students to use observed species as a starting point to identify central concepts in conservation biology. In S5, the concept of species (and associated entities such as subspecies, hybrids, etc.) will be extensively addressed from both theoretical and practical perspectives. This concept will enable us to address 1. the foundations and limitations of different perspectives on species (morphological, genetic, ecological), 2. the methodological challenges associated with identifying taxa in the field and in the laboratory, and 3. the issues this raises from the perspective of species conservation. To this end, at the end of the course, students will present a taxon—selected from those proposed in the course unit—whose identification proves to be complex.

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The goal of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative manner, in light of Tinbergen’s four “whys,” from its ontogeny to its evolution: from its ontogeny and neurobiological causes to its evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual, and methodological insights, students will be guided to understand the diversity of the traits involved as well as the variety of scientific approaches and questions associated with them.

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Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of pollutants on living organisms and on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. This course unit aims to provide a better understanding of:

- the main types of organic and inorganic pollutants (both historical and emerging), as well as their sources and the factors influencing their fate in the natural environment and in organisms,

- the effects of pollutants on micro- and macro-organisms at different levels of biological organization (molecule, individual, communities),

- methods for assessing biological effects, environmental quality, and ecotoxicological risk within the current European regulatory framework,

- bioremediation processes, as illustrated by several case studies.

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The objective of this course offered in L3S5 is to provide students with knowledge about the organization, development, and functioning of various physiological systems in animals. More specifically, the functions of circulation, thermoregulation, hormonal regulation, and neural integration will be addressed using a comparative approach (with examples drawn from different taxonomic groups) and within an evolutionary context. Issues related to the bioethical aspects of animal physiology research will also be addressed.

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The goal of this course is to understand animal behavior in an integrative manner, in light of Tinbergen’s four “whys,” from its ontogeny to its evolution: from its ontogeny and neurobiological causes to its evolution and biological functions. In addition to historical, conceptual, and methodological insights, students will be guided to understand the diversity of the traits involved as well as the variety of scientific approaches and questions associated with them.

View the full page

Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of pollutants on living organisms and on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. This course unit aims to provide a better understanding of:

- the main types of organic and inorganic pollutants (both historical and emerging), as well as their sources and the factors influencing their fate in the natural environment and in organisms,

- the effects of pollutants on micro- and macro-organisms at different levels of biological organization (molecule, individual, communities),

- methods for assessing biological effects, environmental quality, and ecotoxicological risk within the current European regulatory framework,

- bioremediation processes, as illustrated by several case studies.

View the full page

The structure of this course is similar to that developed in S4. The objective is to provide students with knowledge of the biology, ecology, and evolution of the three taxonomic groups in question. Beyond species identification (which will be covered extensively), this course unit will address the evolution and systematics of the taxonomic group in question, fundamental ecology (evolutionary and functional ecology), applied ecology (conservation), physiology, legislation, as well as methods of study and identification.

Following a general introductory session, two parallel tracks will be offered. One will focus on cryptogams (algae, lichens, mosses, and fungi), and the other on fauna (chiropods and arthropods).

Cryptogames

The objective of this module is to familiarize students with the extremely diverse groups of organisms known as bryophytes, phaeophytes, and fungi. The approach is 1) to explore these little-known diversities through a naturalistic lens, 2) to place these observations in an evolutionary context (phylogenetic aspects), and 3) to relate the observations to the role of these organisms in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Finally, the module will address aspects of daily life—whether economic or civic—related to species (toxicology, food, medicine).

Wildlife

The goal for students is to acquire or deepen their knowledge of the biology of arthropods and bats, which are taxonomic groups of great interest, both from the perspective of fundamental ecological studies (ethology, evolutionary ecology, functional ecology), as in applied ecology (conservation biology) and environmental education/teaching. Beyond species identification, this area of study will address the evolution and systematics of these taxa, their physiology, their ecological and behavioral characteristics, and their roles in ecosystems. Instruction will incorporate innovative pedagogical approaches, combining the use of traditional tools (visual recognition) with modern ones (acoustic identification using software). Among the arthropods, the groups of particular focus will be Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera, which represent highly diverse orders that will best enable us to address the concept of species, which is central to biology. Species identification will serve as a foundation for studying their biology and ecology and for exploring the concepts of evolution and phylogeny.

Each group (Fauna – Cryptogams) will have 12 hours of fieldwork time available (half of which will be shared by both groups), to be carried out according to terms to be determined (4 half-day field trips, or 2 full-day field trips). The practical sessions may be held at university sites (the university campus, the Labex CEMEB experimental plot at the CEFE, and the Botanical Garden) that are suitable for studying the various organisms.

Cross-Curricular Concept

The EU is organized around a concept common to both practical training groups, which—through a flipped classroom approach—will allow students to use observed species as a starting point to identify central concepts in conservation biology. In S5, the concept of species (and associated entities such as subspecies, hybrids, etc.) will be extensively addressed from both theoretical and practical perspectives. This concept will enable us to address 1. the foundations and limitations of different perspectives on species (morphological, genetic, ecological), 2. the methodological challenges associated with identifying taxa in the field and in the laboratory, and 3. the issues this raises from the perspective of species conservation. To this end, at the end of the course, students will present a taxon—selected from those proposed in the course unit—whose identification proves to be complex.

View the full page

The course aims to provide students with an integrative approach to the morphology, anatomy, and development of the vegetative and reproductive systems of spermatophytes, from ecological, functional, and evolutionary perspectives. Students implement this approach through a supervised project focused on the study of a model plant, taking into account interindividual variability, different stages of development, site conditions, and biological type.

View the full page

The origin, nature, and future of deposits in sedimentary basins.

Series of 15 classes / lectures / discussions and lab sessions / tutorials

Course Content / Integrated Lectures, Lab, and Tutorials (sedimentary basins, continental weathering,

sediment transport, detrital and carbonate environments, factors affecting sedimentation: sequential stratigraphy, diagenesis)

View the full page

View the full page