Cellular and Molecular Biology 2

This compulsory UE in S3 enables students to consolidate and deepen the foundations of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.

Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open up various prospects for technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps in Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNA and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence deduced from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.

Cell Biology section: This section covers the major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers and response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques for demonstrating the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.

- Knowledge :

Molecular biology :

-Understand the molecular basis of nucleic acid structural stability.

-Master the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids to understand and develop various Molecular Biology techniques (sequencing, determination of genetic mutations, hybridization, cloning, mechanisms of action of antiviral or antitumor agents).

-Understand the molecular mechanisms governing replication, transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

-Know the main cellular DNA repair systems.

Cell Biology :

-Understand and assimilate the major concepts of signalling pathway function

-Understand the impact of an interaction between a ligand and its receptor (conformation change, activation, etc.).

-Understanding the major signaling pathways

-Understand how Western blot and immunofluorescence approaches can be used to analyze the functioning of certain signaling mechanisms.

-Know-how :

Molecular biology :

-Know how to associate an experimental or biological molecular mechanism with the various mechanisms involving nucleic acids or proteins resulting from gene transcription/translation.

Cell biology: be able to read and interpret results obtained by experimental approaches using western blots and immunofluorescence.

-People skills :

Understand the different concepts presented and use them to propose hypotheses on the functioning of molecular and cellular processes Link the different molecular mechanisms presented.

Communicate with teachers and other students to carry out reflection exercises.

Be able to formulate a hypothesis based on knowledge.

Be able to synthesize the functioning of a molecular mechanism in the form of a model diagram