L1 LIFE, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (LHSE) PORTAL

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The first objective of this teaching unit is to allow the discovery of scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, in relation to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or ecologism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. With the help of tutorials and practical work, three major themes of ecology are dealt with: palaeoecology, functional ecology& evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

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This unit is designed to provide a general context for understanding the Earth sciences and biology while taking into account the fields of the Humanities and Social Sciences. The Earth of today is not detached from its past. To understand the impacts of environmental and climatic transformations on planet Earth, a diachronic (long time, change over time) and synchronic (spatial variations) approach is necessary.

Accordingly, this EU presents the history of the Earth through geological time. It discusses the structure, composition and processes of the Earth. Issues, concerns and problems related to natural hazards are also included. The lessons will also provide the necessary foundation for students to understand the societal issues surrounding climate and environmental issues. The outcomes of this course are essential for the well-being of tomorrow's society, enabling the training of young citizens or future workers capable of analysing, criticizing and thinking about environmental and climate issues in the past, present and future, and of participating in decision-making in societal debates dealing with environmental risks. This course has been designed by teachers and researchers from different scientific fields (Earth and Water Sciences, Ecology, Philosophy, Political Science) showing that approaches ranging from the fundamental to the operational are necessary.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 36h

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This EU is divided into two parts. 

The first aims to consolidate the secondary school skills that are essential for higher education in science: understanding proportionality and linearity, calculating with powers, manipulating fractions, and solving simple equations. 

The second part will be devoted to the study of functions of one real variable: the emphasis will be on the usual functions, the graphical representation of functions, and the mathematical notion of derivative (or instantaneous rate of increase). 

Most of the concepts covered will be illustrated with concrete examples from biology. 

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The aim of the "From Molecules to Cells" course is to provide L1 students with the basic notions of biology that will be necessary to follow the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, virology and microbiology courses of the following semesters. The structure of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and sugars) and the structural organisation of the cell will be detailed with a view to understanding the origin of life and the organisation of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Introductions to simple physics concepts (optics, mechanics), applied to problems of biological interest.

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The lectures aim to establish a common base of knowledge in Earth Sciences necessary for students interested in Life and Earth Sciences or Earth Sciences. A first part will be devoted to the study of the structure and composition of the globe, internal heat and its effects in terms of internal dynamics. A second part will deal with the sediment cycle, from the alteration of rocks to the transport processes and the formation of new rocks. The third part will make the link between the first two parts on the basis of cartography (topographic and geological) and isostatic equilibrium to detail the construction of a scientific paradigm, that of plate tectonics. Finally, the forces at play will be addressed to discuss current scientific questions in terms of geodynamics.

The TD will be devoted to the notions of cartography, plate tectonics and geodynamics. The practical exercises will focus on the recognition of rocks and certain applications (relative and absolute dating, density and isostatic equilibrium).

Hourly volumes:

CM: 18h

TD: 6h

TP: 12 hours

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This module focuses on an approach to experimental techniques in chemistry. The first part will be devoted to the presentation of the rules of hygiene and safety in the chemistry laboratory. Each practical session will be preceded by a preparatory session of TD. The student will have to write a laboratory notebook/report (analysis, exploitation of the results...) at the end of each laboratory session.

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Biomechanics is an interdisciplinary field that has developed greatly in recent years. It covers many fields of application such as the analysis of sports movement, accidentology, traumatology, orthopaedics, biocompatibility of osteo-articular prostheses, functional rehabilitation, aid to the diagnosis and management of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, tissue engineering, plant growth, phylogeny of species in tropical environments, etc.

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This course deals with the major current issues in "biotechnologies and bio-nanotechnologies":

• Open vision of biotechnological engineering, not limited to genome manipulation and the notion of advanced technologies 
• Types of human activities concerned / Major application sectors such as environment, food and human health
• Industrial fields (SMEs and SMIs) concerned: development, production and marketing
• The challenges of biotechnology innovation (typology)

Through lectures and tutorials, several areas are covered:

Biotechnologies applied to environmental issues

• Climate change and ecosystems evolution
• Agri-environmental pollution (water, air, soil)
• Management of living resources

Bio(nano)technologies in agronomy for food purposes 

• Bioprocessing and food preservation, including active packaging
• Production of food matrices in bioreactors
• Food safety, traceability and quality

Biotechnology / industry for non-food purposes

• Bioenergy
• Bio- and eco-materials and agro-polymers
• Biomolecules and cellular activities

Microbial Biotechnology and Infectiology

• Human health diagnostics
• New therapeutic approaches / Nanotechnologies
• Regeneration of human tissues and organs / stem cell culture
• Anti-doping and drug use / biosensors and metabolic markers

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This course is subdivided into 5 parts: General Biology, Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Endocrinology and Immunology.

It allows students to :

• to reinforce what they have learnt in the secondary school years
• to deepen their knowledge of the subject through MCQ-type exercises but also through reflection and understanding of the issues
• to give an idea of the Biology and Chemistry tests of certain health competitions (occupational therapists, radio manipulators, etc.)

Courses and tutorials will be put on Moodle

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This is a first approach to the integrative biology of organisms.

In this course, called "from cells to organisms", the structure-function relationships at the different scales, from the cell (or even the molecule) to the organism in its living environment, are addressed.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course is a complement to the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which will take place in parallel. In this course, students will be able to apply and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and molecular biology of the cell 1".

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilisation. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve Mendelian genetic problems including sex and epistasis effects in the tutorials of this course.

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This compulsory course is intended for all students of the Licence SV. It presents the main tools of discrete probabilities that are useful to the biologist for the understanding of random phenomena involving counting variables. The course is placed at a level accessible to a student having as a pre-requisite only the bases of the calculation of probabilities approached in class of second of the high school. The course is based on concrete examples to move towards modelling. 

• A first preliminary part introduces the notion of sets, operations on sets and the simple formalisation of propositions.
• The second part introduces the vocabulary of probabilities and covers the elementary calculation of probabilities (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples are based on concrete situations: calculation of probabilities in a population stratified by age, gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity)
• The third part is devoted to the presentation of the main models of discrete laws: binomial, geometric, fish and their applications. The notion of independent variables is presented in a heuristic way, the objective being to provide tools for calculating the expectation and variance of the sum of random variables.
• Some numerical simulations may be presented to illustrate the notion of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or the fish distribution.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells" which will have laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This course will be completed by the course HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundation for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This course, which is compulsory for all L1 students, will present the basics of epistemology and the scientific approach, as well as the tools needed to analyse controversies surrounding the sciences and the methods presented as alternatives. It will address the scientific investigation of so-called paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, pseudo-medicine, psychological aberrations, sectarian alienation, etc., in order to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can be used to convince or deceive. The ultimate goal of this course is to ensure that everyone can make informed choices, know how to search for and sort information, and be able to protect themselves from techniques of influence and manipulation.

The course will be based on lectures and the viewing of various resources available on the internet. A full course of study will be required on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by an MCQ.

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In this course, we will go through each stage of the life cycle of organisms (mainly metazoans and angiosperms) in a series of assignments covering: embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), acquisition of reproductive capacity (including stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and fertilisation. This series of practical exercises is combined with a series of tutorials to address problems of transmission of genetic information. 

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This first teaching unit is devoted to the basic notions of chemistry, which are essential for understanding organic and inorganic chemistry, particularly in systems of biological interest. The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) allowing them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired. All the notions presented in this course are essential for the understanding of the chemistry and biology courses.

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This course is an introduction to the basic concepts of the different disciplines that study animal behaviour: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioural Ecology

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Origin and Evolution of the Planet ;

Geological Scale and Geochronology ;

Geographies, topographies and past environments;

Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Atmosphere/Geosphere interactions,

Human evolution and anthropisation ;

Natural resources (water, energy, mineral resources) and anthropisation 

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 The brain is at the centre of human behaviour. It is the control tower of the body. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analysed rapidly in order to propose an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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The aim of this course is to provide students with recent knowledge in cognitive neuroscience in order to make better use of their brain resources to learn better, to reflect, to be critical of information and of oneself and to solve a problem more efficiently. The aim is to make certain brain mechanisms involved in learning more readable in order to offer students the opportunity to take a look at their way of working and to help them choose more effective cognitive strategies from among those proposed. The course also offers students ways to become better scientists by avoiding cognitive biases in favour of a rigorous, innovative and creative scientific approach. Workshops and lectures will be offered in this sense in the lectures. Portraits of great and inspiring scientists will also illustrate how science advances.

 Finally, aware that multiplying the sensory input channels stabilises the memory trace, we propose part of the teaching in the form of forum theatre for those who wish to do so. This lively formula allows the student who wishes to get involved in the game to be proactive in changing his or her profile as a learner and transforming him or her into an actor both on stage and in life. For those who are not inclined to act, there is no obligation, simply observing the play of others is a powerful awareness of unconscious mechanisms that are not at the service of their learning and allows them to actively integrate the resources offered to them.

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The course will address different biological processes from a physical point of view.                  

Special attention will be given to the comparison of different energy scales in biology, with the introduction of key concepts of thermodynamics in relation to molecular biology. Different passive and active processes will be treated with examples relevant to biology and health. The proposed lab concerns the observation of Brownian motion and will be linked to the HAV102P course (for its optics notions).

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This optional course allows students to prepare for the animal physiology courses of the next two semesters by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of historical experiments that have provided the basis for this subject. In class, historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction and development are analysed. In the TD, experiments are analysed on nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication and immunity.

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This course aims to introduce first year undergraduates to the living world through a naturalist approach. This consists of looking at the animals and plants that make up Mediterranean ecosystems through their taxonomy, ecology and biology. Students will be interested in different groups of organisms, including vascular plants, birds, amphibians and reptiles, insects and bats.

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Through this course, several disciplines will be covered in order to provide a reminder and/or the basics concerning: the Biosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, as well as and above all, their evolution since the origin of the planet. The disciplines (and major themes) covered will be

-Paleontology: Evolution, Biochronology and Geological Eras, Biodiversity and Past Crises.

-Climatology and Oceanology: How to study the climate? What is the role of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere. Faced with contemporary global issues, tools are being developed to better characterise the mechanisms of climate change and their impacts on terrestrial and marine environments from the past to the future, particularly through the modification of biogeochemical cycles on a global scale. Environmental geochemistry will be a central method to characterise both the anthropogenic and natural footprint.

The main objectives are to understand the past interactions of these envelopes with the Geosphere (covered in more depth in the HAT102T geology course) and to be able to analyse a current natural landscape in terms of its evolution over geological time.

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Cross-curricular course allowing the acquisition of general and scientific knowledge on marine mammals 

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This course is based on themes involving a biological problem, for which it is essential to carry out calculations and to understand or draw graphic representations (mainly curves). Motivated by these biological aspects, the students must acquire a minimal background allowing them to continue their studies in biology.

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Computer base :

1- Information and data

Conducting research and monitoring information (search engine, social networks, etc.)

Manage data (file manager, databases...)

Processing data (spreadsheet)

2- Communication and collaboration

Interact (e-mail, video-conferencing, etc.)

Sharing and publishing (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)

Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)

Entering the digital world (developing a public presence on the web...)

3- Content creation

Developing text documents (word processing, presentation...)

Developing multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing...)

Adapting documents to their purpose (format conversion tools, etc.)

Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)

4- Protection and safety

Securing the digital environment (protective software, encryption, etc.)

Protecting personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)

Protecting health, well-being and the environment

5- Environment and digital

Solving technical problems (software configuration and maintenance, etc.)

Building a digital environment (operating system, installation of new software, etc.)

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Description* :

This course provides access to the tools of general chemistry for biology students.

This will cover :

• the properties of atoms and molecules, to understand the solubility of molecules, their structuring in liquid or solid form, the stability of ionic forms, etc.
• Energy exchange in life sciences, from the amount of energy involved in chemical reactions to predicting the direction of these reactions.

The programme of this EU will be divided into :

• 2 sessions of 3 hours of tutorials (counted as fieldwork because 1 teacher for 10 students)
• 2 TP of 3h (counted as TD because 1 teacher for 40 students)
• 1 Consolidation course (counted as a TD as 1 teacher for 40 students)

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This course covers the basic physical concepts necessary for a quantitative understanding of biology. The approach is the same as in the whole Biology APP degree, with problem-based learning.

The programme of this EU will be divided into :

• 2 sessions of 3h Tutorials: 2 formative issues
• 2 TP of 3h
• 1 CM of 1.5 h

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Description*: This course aims to consolidate the skills acquired in secondary school that are essential for the pursuit of higher education in science (calculating with powers, handling fractions, solving simple equations and inequations, identifying a situation of proportionality, graphing a function, studying the variations of a function) through the resolution of biomathematical problems. In a teaching context, biomathematics is understood to mean all the mathematical concepts and methods (possibly equipped with computer technology) that allow biological phenomena to be studied and modelled. This first approach to biomathematics will focus on the concept of mathematical function as a model for expressing relationships between quantities, in a quantitative approach to life. The mathematical tools that allow the study of functions (graphic representation, notions of limit, continuity, derivative) will be approached, restricting themselves to real functions of a real variable and in the light of a questioning on the evolution of biological systems. The following will be encountered and studied, in order: the linear model, the exponential model, the more elaborate Verhulst model (S-curve) and finally the resolution of optimisation problems, arising from biological contexts, leading to the determination of the extrema of functions.

The programme of this EU will be divided into :

• 2 scientific conferences of 1h30 each, which will shed light on the concepts and methods of biomathematics
• 4 cycles, each comprising :

• 2 tutorial sessions of 1h30 devoted to a formative problematic which finds its source in a quantitative approach of the living
• 1 three-hour tutorial session dedicated to the routinisation of mathematical techniques that support problem solving

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The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 3 sessions of 3 hours of tutorials
• 3 TP of 3h
• 1 Scientific conferences

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The aim of the "From the molecule to the cell in APP" course is to provide L1 students with the basic notions of biology that will be necessary to follow the biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology courses of the following semesters. The structure of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and sugars) and the structural organisation of the cell will be detailed with a view to understanding the origin of life and the organisation of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 6 sessions of 3 hours of tutorials 
• 6 TP of 3h
• 3 Scientific conferences

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Organisms are living structures, made up of cells, performing a number of functions, ultimately contributing to the production of new living beings. Here, we will mainly consider the functions related to the exchange of matter with the environment and the distribution of matter within the organism. For all these functions, the structures involved will be understood in the light of optimisation by natural selection: in other words, the structures have been shaped in such a way that their functioning is optimal (notion of structure-function relationships), knowing the physico-chemical laws governing these phenomena. The contribution to the realisation of functions will be addressed at different levels of integration (cell, tissue, organ, apparatus/system, organism). Its variations will be considered in different phylogenetic groups (including animals (vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, etc.), terrestrial plants, and other groups) and according to different modes and environments of life (aerial/terrestrial/aquatic environments (freshwater, marine), organism size, etc.).

The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 6 sessions of 3 hours of tutoring
• 6 TP of 3h
• 2 Scientific conferences + control

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This course will introduce the scientific approach and its application with emphasis on sampling strategy and its impact on data quality and interpretation. It will also introduce the methodology of APA and the group work that follows. In groups of 5 students will have to carry out a sampling to answer a scientific problem. Each group will define its strategy, its protocol, collect data from its sampling and analyse it. The results of each group will be compared with each other and will make it possible to identify the variables whose sampling strategy

The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 3 lectures of 1,5h (declared as TD)
• 10 TD of 1.5 h
• 2.5 days of fieldwork (declared as PT)

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In this course of molecular biology and introduction to genetic analysis, the objectives are to know the terms, principles, concepts and methods used in formal genetics as well as their fields of application in particular in human and medical genetics.

The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 6 tutorials of 3 hours: Intro + 5 formative problems + 1 test problem
• 6 TP of 3h
• 3 Scientific conferences

• Hourly volumes* :

              CM :

              TD: 18h

              TP :

              Field: 6pm

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This course provides the basis for building a professional project by identifying one's driving forces, values and skills, through a reflective approach to skills development and the construction of an e-portfolio.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM :

            TD :

            TP :

            Land :

            REH: 20:00

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells" which will have laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 2 sessions of 3 hours of tutorials 
• 2 TP of 3h
• 1 Scientific conferences

and it will integrate the organic chemistry programme in APP (HAV226C) 4 ECTS :

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The programme of this EU will be based on :

• 8 sessions of 3 hours of tutorials 
• 8 TP of 3h
• 4 Scientific conferences

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The first objective of this teaching unit is to allow the discovery of scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, in relation to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or ecologism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. With the help of tutorials and practical work, three major themes of ecology are dealt with: palaeoecology, functional ecology& evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

See full page

This unit is designed to provide a general context for understanding the Earth sciences and biology while taking into account the fields of the Humanities and Social Sciences. The Earth of today is not detached from its past. To understand the impacts of environmental and climatic transformations on planet Earth, a diachronic (long time, change over time) and synchronic (spatial variations) approach is necessary.

Accordingly, this EU presents the history of the Earth through geological time. It discusses the structure, composition and processes of the Earth. Issues, concerns and problems related to natural hazards are also included. The lessons will also provide the necessary foundation for students to understand the societal issues surrounding climate and environmental issues. The outcomes of this course are essential for the well-being of tomorrow's society, enabling the training of young citizens or future workers capable of analysing, criticizing and thinking about environmental and climate issues in the past, present and future, and of participating in decision-making in societal debates dealing with environmental risks. This course has been designed by teachers and researchers from different scientific fields (Earth and Water Sciences, Ecology, Philosophy, Political Science) showing that approaches ranging from the fundamental to the operational are necessary.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 36h

See full page

This EU is divided into two parts. 

The first aims to consolidate the secondary school skills that are essential for higher education in science: understanding proportionality and linearity, calculating with powers, manipulating fractions, and solving simple equations. 

The second part will be devoted to the study of functions of one real variable: the emphasis will be on the usual functions, the graphical representation of functions, and the mathematical notion of derivative (or instantaneous rate of increase). 

Most of the concepts covered will be illustrated with concrete examples from biology. 

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This teaching unit is a specific UE of the preparation for the B agro-Véto competition. It completes the UE HAV105C of general chemistry which approaches the basic notions. It is intended to serve as a basis for the continuation of the HAV310C and HAV412C units which complete the preparation for the B Agro-Véto competitive examination.

The following courses will be taught in parallel:

In chemistry-physics and general :

The basics of chemical thermodynamics, mainly :

• The progress of reactions
• The first principle applied to chemistry. A first approach to the second principle.
• Reaction quantities.
• Chemical equilibrium applied to simple reactions (homogeneous gas equilibria). Law of mass action.

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The aim of the "From Molecules to Cells" course is to provide L1 students with the basic notions of biology that will be necessary to follow the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, virology and microbiology courses of the following semesters. The structure of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and sugars) and the structural organisation of the cell will be detailed with a view to understanding the origin of life and the organisation of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Introductions to simple physics concepts (optics, mechanics), applied to problems of biological interest.

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This module, intended for students of the PCAV Competition B course, aims to provide the fundamental concepts of general ecology, integrating the evolutionary and functional approach and evolutionary processes. The aim is to enable them to understand the interactions of organisms with their environment at different scales of space, time and hierarchical levels of organisation.

The aim is to enable them to better understand the major issues at stake today, such as the erosion of biodiversity, the impact of human activity and global change.

The lectures will enable a certain number of milestones to be set, but the practical sessions will enable students to be confronted with scientific texts and articles in order to gradually familiarise them with the scientific approach.

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In this course, we will go through each stage of the life cycle of organisms (mainly metazoans and angiosperms) in a series of assignments covering: embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), acquisition of reproductive capacity (including stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and fertilisation. This series of practical exercises is combined with a series of tutorials to address problems of transmission of genetic information. 

See full page

This first teaching unit is devoted to the basic notions of chemistry, which are essential for understanding organic and inorganic chemistry, particularly in systems of biological interest. The students will work before certain courses and tutorials on course documents (written and audio) allowing them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired. All the notions presented in this course are essential for the understanding of the chemistry and biology courses.

See full page

This course is an introduction to the basic concepts of the different disciplines that study animal behaviour: Neuroscience, Ethology, Behavioural Ecology

See full page

Origin and Evolution of the Planet ;

Geological Scale and Geochronology ;

Geographies, topographies and past environments;

Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Atmosphere/Geosphere interactions,

Human evolution and anthropisation ;

Natural resources (water, energy, mineral resources) and anthropisation 

See full page

See full page

 The brain is at the centre of human behaviour. It is the control tower of the body. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analysed rapidly in order to propose an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

See full page

The aim of this course is to provide students with recent knowledge in cognitive neuroscience in order to make better use of their brain resources to learn better, to reflect, to be critical of information and of oneself and to solve a problem more efficiently. The aim is to make certain brain mechanisms involved in learning more readable in order to offer students the opportunity to take a look at their way of working and to help them choose more effective cognitive strategies from among those proposed. The course also offers students ways to become better scientists by avoiding cognitive biases in favour of a rigorous, innovative and creative scientific approach. Workshops and lectures will be offered in this sense in the lectures. Portraits of great and inspiring scientists will also illustrate how science advances.

 Finally, aware that multiplying the sensory input channels stabilises the memory trace, we propose part of the teaching in the form of forum theatre for those who wish to do so. This lively formula allows the student who wishes to get involved in the game to be proactive in changing his or her profile as a learner and transforming him or her into an actor both on stage and in life. For those who are not inclined to act, there is no obligation, simply observing the play of others is a powerful awareness of unconscious mechanisms that are not at the service of their learning and allows them to actively integrate the resources offered to them.

See full page

The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course is a complement to the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which will take place in parallel. In this course, students will be able to apply and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and molecular biology of the cell 1".

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Description* :

This teaching unit is a specific course in the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive examination. It completes the organic chemistry course HAC202C, which covers the basic concepts.

The following courses will be taught in parallel:

In depth: electronic effects (inductive, mesomeric) and their consequences on the reactivity of molecules.

Application to Aromatic Chemistry :

• Aromaticity and Hückel's rule
• Addition reactions
• SEAr Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions: Mechanisms and Holleman's Rule of Orientation
• Main SEAr
• Reactivity of the hydrocarbon chain of aromatic compounds: importance of the benzyl position

Beginning of functional organic chemistry

• Halogenoalkanes and organometallics.

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilisation. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve Mendelian genetic problems including sex and epistasis effects in the tutorials of this course.

See full page

This compulsory course is intended for all students of the Licence SV. It presents the main tools of discrete probabilities that are useful to the biologist for the understanding of random phenomena involving counting variables. The course is placed at a level accessible to a student having as a pre-requisite only the bases of the calculation of probabilities approached in class of second of the high school. The course is based on concrete examples to move towards modelling. 

• A first preliminary part introduces the notion of sets, operations on sets and the simple formalisation of propositions.
• The second part introduces the vocabulary of probabilities and covers the elementary calculation of probabilities (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples are based on concrete situations: calculation of probabilities in a population stratified by age, gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity)
• The third part is devoted to the presentation of the main models of discrete laws: binomial, geometric, fish and their applications. The notion of independent variables is presented in a heuristic way, the objective being to provide tools for calculating the expectation and variance of the sum of random variables.
• Some numerical simulations may be presented to illustrate the notion of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or the fish distribution.

See full page

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The course will address different biological processes from a physical point of view.                  

Special attention will be given to the comparison of different energy scales in biology, with the introduction of key concepts of thermodynamics in relation to molecular biology. Different passive and active processes will be treated with examples relevant to biology and health. The proposed lab concerns the observation of Brownian motion and will be linked to the HAV102P course (for its optics notions).

See full page

This optional course allows students to prepare for the animal physiology courses of the next two semesters by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of historical experiments that have provided the basis for this subject. In class, historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction and development are analysed. In the TD, experiments are analysed on nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication and immunity.

See full page

This course aims to introduce first year undergraduates to the living world through a naturalist approach. This consists of looking at the animals and plants that make up Mediterranean ecosystems through their taxonomy, ecology and biology. Students will be interested in different groups of organisms, including vascular plants, birds, amphibians and reptiles, insects and bats.

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Through this course, several disciplines will be covered in order to provide a reminder and/or the basics concerning: the Biosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, as well as and above all, their evolution since the origin of the planet. The disciplines (and major themes) covered will be

-Paleontology: Evolution, Biochronology and Geological Eras, Biodiversity and Past Crises.

-Climatology and Oceanology: How to study the climate? What is the role of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere. Faced with contemporary global issues, tools are being developed to better characterise the mechanisms of climate change and their impacts on terrestrial and marine environments from the past to the future, particularly through the modification of biogeochemical cycles on a global scale. Environmental geochemistry will be a central method to characterise both the anthropogenic and natural footprint.

The main objectives are to understand the past interactions of these envelopes with the Geosphere (covered in more depth in the HAT102T geology course) and to be able to analyse a current natural landscape in terms of its evolution over geological time.

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Cross-curricular course allowing the acquisition of general and scientific knowledge on marine mammals 

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This course is based on themes involving a biological problem, for which it is essential to carry out calculations and to understand or draw graphic representations (mainly curves). Motivated by these biological aspects, the students must acquire a minimal background allowing them to continue their studies in biology.

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Computer base :

1- Information and data

Conducting research and monitoring information (search engine, social networks, etc.)

Manage data (file manager, databases...)

Processing data (spreadsheet)

2- Communication and collaboration

Interact (e-mail, video-conferencing, etc.)

Sharing and publishing (sharing platforms, forum and comment space...)

Collaborate in a group (collaborative work platform and document sharing...)

Entering the digital world (developing a public presence on the web...)

3- Content creation

Developing text documents (word processing, presentation...)

Developing multimedia documents (image/sound/video/animation capture and editing...)

Adapting documents to their purpose (format conversion tools, etc.)

Programming (simple computer development, solving a logical problem...)

4- Protection and safety

Securing the digital environment (protective software, encryption, etc.)

Protecting personal data and privacy (privacy settings...)

Protecting health, well-being and the environment

5- Environment and digital

Solving technical problems (software configuration and maintenance, etc.)

Building a digital environment (operating system, installation of new software, etc.)

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells" which will have laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This course will be completed by the course HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundation for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This course, which is compulsory for all L1 students, will present the basics of epistemology and the scientific approach, as well as the tools needed to analyse controversies surrounding the sciences and the methods presented as alternatives. It will address the scientific investigation of so-called paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, pseudo-medicine, psychological aberrations, sectarian alienation, etc., in order to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can be used to convince or deceive. The ultimate goal of this course is to ensure that everyone can make informed choices, know how to search for and sort information, and be able to protect themselves from techniques of influence and manipulation.

The course will be based on lectures and the viewing of various resources available on the internet. A full course of study will be required on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by an MCQ.

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The first objective of this teaching unit is to allow the discovery of scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, in relation to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or ecologism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. With the help of tutorials and practical work, three major themes of ecology are dealt with: palaeoecology, functional ecology& evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

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This EU is divided into two parts. 

The first aims to consolidate the secondary school skills that are essential for higher education in science: understanding proportionality and linearity, calculating with powers, manipulating fractions, and solving simple equations. 

The second part will be devoted to the study of functions of one real variable: the emphasis will be on the usual functions, the graphical representation of functions, and the mathematical notion of derivative (or instantaneous rate of increase). 

Most of the concepts covered will be illustrated with concrete examples from biology. 

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The aim of the "From Molecules to Cells" course is to provide L1 students with the basic notions of biology that will be necessary to follow the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, virology and microbiology courses of the following semesters. The structure of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and sugars) and the structural organisation of the cell will be detailed with a view to understanding the origin of life and the organisation of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Introductions to simple physics concepts (optics, mechanics), applied to problems of biological interest.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course is a complement to the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which will take place in parallel. In this course, students will be able to apply and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and molecular biology of the cell 1".

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilisation. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve Mendelian genetic problems including sex and epistasis effects in the tutorials of this course.

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This compulsory course is intended for all students of the Licence SV. It presents the main tools of discrete probabilities that are useful to the biologist for the understanding of random phenomena involving counting variables. The course is placed at a level accessible to a student having as a pre-requisite only the bases of the calculation of probabilities approached in class of second of the high school. The course is based on concrete examples to move towards modelling. 

• A first preliminary part introduces the notion of sets, operations on sets and the simple formalisation of propositions.
• The second part introduces the vocabulary of probabilities and covers the elementary calculation of probabilities (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples are based on concrete situations: calculation of probabilities in a population stratified by age, gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity)
• The third part is devoted to the presentation of the main models of discrete laws: binomial, geometric, fish and their applications. The notion of independent variables is presented in a heuristic way, the objective being to provide tools for calculating the expectation and variance of the sum of random variables.
• Some numerical simulations may be presented to illustrate the notion of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or the fish distribution.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells" which will have laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This course will be completed by the course HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundation for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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 The brain is at the centre of human behaviour. It is the control tower of the body. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analysed rapidly in order to propose an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This course, which is compulsory for all L1 students, will present the basics of epistemology and the scientific approach, as well as the tools needed to analyse controversies surrounding the sciences and the methods presented as alternatives. It will address the scientific investigation of so-called paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, pseudo-medicine, psychological aberrations, sectarian alienation, etc., in order to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can be used to convince or deceive. The ultimate goal of this course is to ensure that everyone can make informed choices, know how to search for and sort information, and be able to protect themselves from techniques of influence and manipulation.

The course will be based on lectures and the viewing of various resources available on the internet. A full course of study will be required on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by an MCQ.

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