Choice HAV209B + HAV216X

The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells," which laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will learn the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements, and bioenergetics.

This EU will be supplemented by EU HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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In this EU, we will explore each stage of the life cycle of organisms (mainly metazoans and angiosperms) through a series of practical exercises covering: embryonic development (including organ formation, cell differentiation, and growth processes), the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and fertilization. This series of practical assignments is combined with a series of tutorials addressing issues related to the transmission of genetic information. 

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This compulsory course is intended for all students enrolled in the Bachelor's degree program in Life Sciences. It presents the main tools of discrete probability that are useful to biologists for understanding random phenomena involving counting variables in particular. The course is designed to be accessible to students who have only studied the basics of probability covered in high school. The course uses concrete examples to introduce modeling. 

• A preliminary section introduces the concept of sets, operations on sets, and the simple formalization of propositions.
• The second part introduces probability vocabulary and covers basic probability calculations (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples relate to real-life situations: calculating probabilities in a population stratified by age and gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity).
• The third part is devoted to presenting the main discrete probability models: binomial, geometric, Poisson, and their applications. The concept of independent variables is presented heuristically, with the aim of providing tools for calculating the expected value and variance of the sum of random variables.
• Some numerical simulations may be presented to illustrate the concept of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or Poisson distribution.

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In the lectures for this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ formation, cell differentiation, and growth processes), moving on to the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilization. This life cycle is discussed in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, allowing you to consolidate your knowledge of genetic information transmission. This will enable us to solve Mendelian genetics problems, including effects related to sex or epistasis, during the tutorials in this course unit.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds that, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific studies, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and health studies.

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This course unit focuses on topics involving biological problems, for which it is essential to perform calculations and understand or draw graphical representations (mainly curves). Motivated by these biological aspects, students must acquire a minimum level of knowledge to enable them to continue their studies in biology.

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This course, which is compulsory for all first-year students, will introduce the basics of epistemology and the scientific method, as well as the tools needed to analyze controversies surrounding science and alternative approaches. It will address the scientific investigation of phenomena considered paranormal, pseudosciences, pseudo-medicines, psychological abuses, sectarian alienation, etc., in order to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can use them to convince or deceive. The ultimate goal of this course is to ensure that everyone can make informed choices, knows how to search for and sort information, and can protect themselves from techniques of influence and manipulation.

This course will be based on lectures and viewing various resources available on the internet. Students will be required to complete an entire course on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by a multiple-choice questionnaire.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course complements the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which will be held in parallel. In this course, students will be required to apply and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1."

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