L1 - SVSE PCAV

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The primary aim of this teaching unit is to introduce students to scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, in relation to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or ecologism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. With the help of tutorials and practical exercises, three major themes in ecology are covered: paleoecology, functional ecology& evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

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This teaching unit is designed to provide a general context for understanding the Earth sciences and biology, while taking into account the fields of the Humanities and Social Sciences. Today's Earth is not detached from its past. To understand the impacts of environmental and climatic transformations on planet Earth, a diachronic (long time, change over time) and synchronic (spatial variations) approach is required.

Accordingly, this EU presents the history of the Earth through geological time. It discusses the structure, composition and processes of the Earth. Issues, concerns and problems related to natural hazards are also included. The lessons will also provide students with the necessary grounding to understand the societal issues surrounding climate and environmental questions. The spin-offs of this course are essential for the well-being of tomorrow's society, enabling us to train young citizens or future workers capable of analyzing, criticizing and thinking about past, present and future environmental and climate issues, and of participating in decision-making in societal debates on environmental risks. This course has therefore been designed by teacher-researchers from different scientific fields (Earth and Water Sciences, Ecology, Philosophy, Political Science), demonstrating that approaches ranging from the fundamental to the operational are necessary.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 36h

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This UE is divided into two parts. 

The first is designed to consolidate the skills acquired in secondary school that are essential for higher studies in the sciences: understanding proportionality and linearity, calculating with powers, manipulating fractions and solving simple equations. 

The second part will be devoted to the study of functions of one real variable: the emphasis will be on the usual functions, the graphical representation of functions, and the mathematical notion of derivative (or instantaneous rate of increase). 

Most of the concepts covered will be illustrated with concrete examples from biology. 

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This teaching unit is specific to the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive entrance exams. It complements UE HAV105C in general chemistry, which covers the basic concepts. It is intended to serve as a foundation for the HAV310C and HAV412C units, which complete the preparation for the B Agro-Véto competitive entrance exams.

The following courses will be taught in parallel:

In chemistry-physics and general :

The basics of chemical thermodynamics, essentially :

• Reaction progress
• The first principle applied to chemistry. A first approach to the second principle.
• Reaction quantities.
• Chemical equilibrium applied to simple reactions (homogeneous gas equilibria). Law of mass action.

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Introductions to simple physics concepts (optics, mechanics), applied to problems of biological interest.

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This module for PCAV Concours B students is designed to introduce the fundamental concepts of general ecology, integrating the evolutionary and functional approach and evolutionary processes. The aim is to enable them to understand the interactions of organisms with their environment at different scales of space, time and hierarchical levels of organization.

The aim is to give them a better understanding of today's major issues, such as biodiversity erosion, the impact of human activity and global change.

The lectures will help to lay the foundations, but the practical sessions will enable students to work with scientific texts and articles, gradually familiarizing them with the scientific approach.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course follows on from the S1 "From Molecules to Cells" course, which laid the structural foundations of living organisms. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This UE will be supplemented by UE HAV204V for L1 SVSE students.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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The course will look at various biological processes from a physical point of view.                  

Particular attention will be paid to the comparison of different energy scales in biology, with the introduction of key concepts of thermodynamics in relation to molecular biology. Various passive and active processes will be covered, with examples relevant to biology and health. The proposed practical involves the observation of Brownian motion, and will be linked to the HAV102P course (for its notions of optics).

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 The brain is at the heart of human behavior. It is the body's control tower. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed rapidly, in order to propose an appropriate response. All these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This compulsory course is aimed at all students in the SV License. It introduces the main tools of discrete probability which are useful to the biologist in understanding random phenomena involving counting variables. The course is set at a level accessible to students with only the basics of probability calculus covered in the second year of high school. The course focuses on concrete examples, leading on to modeling. 

• A preliminary section introduces the notion of sets, operations on sets and the simple formalization of propositions.
• The second part introduces the vocabulary of probability and covers elementary probability calculations (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples are based on real-life situations: calculating probabilities in a population stratified by age or gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity), etc.
• The third part is devoted to the presentation of the main discrete law models: binomial, geometric, poisson and their applications. The notion of independent variables is presented in a heuristic way, the aim being to provide tools for calculating the expectation and variance of the sum of random variables.
• A few numerical simulations can be presented to illustrate the notion of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or the poisson distribution.

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilization. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve problems in Mendelian genetics, including sex and epistasis effects, during the tutorials in this course.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts required by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This course, compulsory for all L1 students, will introduce the basics of epistemology and the scientific approach, as well as the tools needed to analyze controversies surrounding the sciences and alternative modalities. The scientific investigation of so-called paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, pseudo-medicine, psychological aberrations, sectarian alienation, etc. will be covered, to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can use them to convince or deceive. The ultimate aim of this course is to enable everyone to make informed choices, to research and sort information, and to protect themselves against techniques of influence and manipulation.

This course will be based on lectures and the viewing of various resources available on the Internet. You will be required to complete an entire course on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by MCQs.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course complements the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which takes place in parallel. In this course, students will put into practice and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1".

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Description* :

This teaching unit is specific to the preparation for the B agro-Véto competitive examination. It complements the HAC202C organic chemistry course, which covers the basic concepts.

The following courses will be taught in parallel:

More in-depth: electronic effects (inductive, mesomeric) and their impact on the reactivity of molecules.

Application to Aromatic Chemistry:

• Aromaticity and Hückel's rule
• Addition reactions
• SEAr Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions: Mechanisms and Holleman's Rule of Orientation
• Main SEAr
• Reactivity of the hydrocarbon chain in aromatic compounds: importance of the benzyl position

The beginning of functional organic chemistry

• Halogenoalkanes and organometallics.

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