L1 - SVSE PCAV

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The primary objective of this teaching unit is to enable students to discover scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, as opposed to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or environmentalism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. Through tutorials and practical work, three major themes in ecology are addressed: paleoecology, functional ecology, and evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

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This teaching unit is designed to provide a general context for understanding Earth sciences and biology, while also taking into account the fields of humanities and social sciences. Today's Earth is not detached from its past. To understand the impacts of environmental and climatic transformations on planet Earth, a diachronic (long-term, change over time) and synchronic (spatial variations) approach is necessary.

Consequently, this EU presents the history of the Earth through geological time. It discusses the structure, composition, and processes of the Earth. Issues, concerns, and problems related to natural hazards are also included. It will also include lessons that provide students with the necessary foundations to understand the societal challenges surrounding climate and environmental issues. The benefits of this course unit are essential for the well-being of tomorrow's society, enabling the training of young citizens or future workers who are capable of analyzing, critiquing, and thinking about past, present, and future environmental and climate issues, and participating in decision-making in societal debates dealing with environmental risks. This course unit was therefore designed by teacher-researchers from different scientific fields (Earth and Water Sciences, Ecology, Philosophy, Political Science), demonstrating that approaches ranging from fundamental to operational are necessary.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 36 hours

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This EU is divided into two parts. 

The first aims to consolidate the secondary school knowledge that is essential for pursuing higher education in science: understanding proportionality and linearity, calculating with powers, manipulating fractions, and solving simple equations. 

The second part will be devoted to the study of real variable functions: the focus will be on common functions, the graphical representation of functions, and the mathematical concept of derivatives (or instantaneous rates of change). 

Most of the concepts discussed will be illustrated with concrete examples from biology. 

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This teaching unit is specific to the Agro-Veto B competitive exam preparation program. It complements the HAV105C general chemistry teaching unit, which covers the basic concepts. It is intended to serve as a foundation for the HAV310C and HAV412C teaching units, which complete the Agro-Veto B competitive exam preparation program.

The following will therefore be taught in lectures and tutorials in parallel:

In physical and general chemistry:

The fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics, essentially:

• The progress of reactions
• The first principle applied to chemistry. A very first approach to the second principle.
• Reaction magnitudes.
• Chemical equilibrium applied to simple reactions (homogeneous gas equilibria). Law of mass action.

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Introductions to simple concepts in physics (optics, mechanics) applied to problems of biological interest.

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This module, intended for students on the PCAV Concours B course, aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of general ecology, incorporating the evolutionary and functional approach and evolutionary processes. The goal is to enable students to understand the interactions between organisms and their environment at different scales of space, time, and hierarchical levels of organization.

The aim is to enable them to better understand major current issues such as biodiversity loss, human impact, and global change.

The lectures will lay down a number of milestones, but the tutorials will expose students to scientific texts and articles, gradually familiarizing them with the scientific approach.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells," which laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will learn the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements, and bioenergetics.

This EU will be supplemented by EU HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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The course will address various biological processes from a physical perspective.                  

Special attention will be given to comparing different energy scales in biology, with an introduction to key concepts in thermodynamics as they relate to molecular biology. Various passive and active processes will be discussed with relevant examples in biology and health. The proposed practical work involves observing Brownian motion and will link to the HAV102P course (for its concepts of optics).

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 The brain is at the center of human behavior. It acts as the body's control tower. It continuously captures a flow of information coming from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed quickly in order to provide an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This compulsory course is intended for all students enrolled in the Bachelor's degree program in Life Sciences. It presents the main tools of discrete probability that are useful to biologists for understanding random phenomena involving counting variables in particular. The course is designed to be accessible to students who have only studied the basics of probability covered in high school. The course uses concrete examples to introduce modeling. 

• A preliminary section introduces the concept of sets, operations on sets, and the simple formalization of propositions.
• The second part introduces probability vocabulary and covers basic probability calculations (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples relate to real-life situations: calculating probabilities in a population stratified by age and gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity).
• The third part is devoted to presenting the main discrete probability models: binomial, geometric, Poisson, and their applications. The concept of independent variables is presented heuristically, with the aim of providing tools for calculating the expected value and variance of the sum of random variables.
• Some numerical simulations may be presented to illustrate the concept of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or Poisson distribution.

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In the lectures for this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ formation, cell differentiation, and growth processes), moving on to the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilization. This life cycle is discussed in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, allowing you to consolidate your knowledge of genetic information transmission. This will enable us to solve Mendelian genetics problems, including effects related to sex or epistasis, during the tutorials in this course unit.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds that, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific studies, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and health studies.

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This course, which is compulsory for all first-year students, will introduce the basics of epistemology and the scientific method, as well as the tools needed to analyze controversies surrounding science and alternative approaches. It will address the scientific investigation of phenomena considered paranormal, pseudosciences, pseudo-medicines, psychological abuses, sectarian alienation, etc., in order to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can use them to convince or deceive. The ultimate goal of this course is to ensure that everyone can make informed choices, knows how to search for and sort information, and can protect themselves from techniques of influence and manipulation.

This course will be based on lectures and viewing various resources available on the internet. Students will be required to complete an entire course on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by a multiple-choice questionnaire.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course complements the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which will be held in parallel. In this course, students will be required to apply and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1."

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Description:

This teaching unit is specific to the B agro-vet competitive exam preparation course. It complements the organic chemistry teaching unit HAC202C, which covers the basic concepts.

The following will therefore be taught in lectures and tutorials in parallel:

Further study: electronic effects (inductive, mesomeric) and their impact on molecular reactivity.

Application to the chemistry of aromatics:

• Aromaticity and Hückel's rule
• Addition reactions
• Aromatic Electrophile Substitution Reactions (SEAr): Mechanisms and Holleman's Rule of Orientation
• Main SEArs
• Reactivity of the hydrocarbon chain of aromatic compounds: importance of the benzyl position

Introduction to functional organic chemistry

• Halogenated alkanes and organometallics.

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