MASTER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

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"General linear models with 1 or more random explanatory variables: from the translation of the figure that answers the biological question to the statistical model, i.e. taking into account numerous effects and knowing how to interpret them.

general properties seen through regression and 1-factor ANOVA (R2, F, ddl, least squares, likelihood, diagnosis, validation, goodness of fit, interpretation of effect sizes); nested and cross-factor ANOVA, multiple regression (notion of parameter and effects, and interaction)

incorporation of the dependence of explanatory random variables, confounding of effects (quantitative for multiple regression, and unbalanced designs for ANOVAs)".

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This course is taught entirely in English. Its aim is twofold: 

1. Enable students to improve their oral expression and comprehension in English 

2. Enable students to enrich their vocabulary in the field of ecology of particular interest to them (e.g. marine ecology, terrestrial ecology).  

Practical exercises: oral presentations by students, videos in English with English subtitles, quizzes, games.   

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Generalized linear mixed models + methodology and experimental protocols to take account of biological reality: non-normal distribution and pseudo-replication

Protocol optimization, power and uncontrolled 1st order risk: variable transformation, polynomial regression, link function, likelihood, model selection

Deviance analysis and goodness of fit

Incorporation of blocks, repeated measurements over time, consideration of spatial and temporal correlation, over-dispersion

Graphical representation of predictions.

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The aim of this course is to provide the statistical foundations needed to follow all the more advanced modules in the curriculum, so it's a general refresher. Descriptive statistics are reviewed (quantile, cumulative frequency polygon, sample estimators), simple tests are introduced, essential graphs for univariate and multivariate data are presented, the general principle of a statistical test, hypothesis design, the notion of p-value, first and second species risk are presented. In practical exercises, students are also brought up to speed in the R environment.

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The M1 internship lasts a minimum of 4.5 months and a maximum of 6 months full-time (from mid-March to the end of August at the latest).
Students must be proactive in their search for an internship.
The internship is validated by the educational tutor on the basis of its relevance to the student's career plan.
Each student is supervised during the internship by an educational tutor.
Internships can take place in France or abroad.
The internship takes place in a professional organization, and is subject to an internship agreement issued by the UM.

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At the end of this course, students will have acquired the basic knowledge needed to prepare and carry out a scientific communication operation adapted to a target audience, both orally and in writing.

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This teaching unit is entirely based on practical work focusing on the creation and management of web pages and the knowledge, use and animation of social networks in scientific communication.

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A teaching unit designed to link theoretical ecology, its operational implementation and territorial issues as seen by society's stakeholders. Based on a format combining theoretical lectures with a reminder of the elements needed to understand issues in the field (ecosystem dynamics, anthropization, socio-ecosystem resilience, in situ conservation, etc.), this unit comprises several field blocks (each consisting of a preparatory TD/TP and an "active" field trip). The territories visited will provide an opportunity to meet social players (managers, elected representatives, associations, shepherds, etc.) whose position enables us to understand how ecological issues govern their actions, and how in turn their actions impact biodiversity, its dynamics and its distribution.

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-Definition of the broad outlines of an integrated coastal zone management project and the methodological approach to be adopted.

-Description of partners (government agencies, professional fisheries bodies, etc.) and how they operate

-Discover and use project management and planning tools

Practical application to a real-life case.

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The EU's general introduction lays the conceptual foundations for ecological rehabilitation and restoration and the resilience of ecosystems and aquatic environments.
The concepts of ecological and hydrological continuity, river morphology and hydrogeomorphology are explained and illustrated.
A field trip provides an opportunity to analyze the issues at stake, establish operating hypotheses and assess impacts.
Practical exercises are preferably directly linked to the field.
The main tools and know-how for reintroducing species are presented and accompanied by illustrative practical exercises:
- Animal model practical exercise: reintroducing a population of vultures
- Plant model practical exercise: transplanting.
- TP ripisylve: and notion of turquoise screen
The main impacts of soil sealing and interventions on aquatic environments (maintenance and development) and the methods for assessing these impacts, accompanied by illustrative TP:
- TP loi sur l'eau: assessing the impacts of soil sealing and hydrological compensation.
- Hydrogeomorphological practical work: analysis of historical and current hydraulic continuity.
Last but not least, this course enables students to compare ecological and hydrological continuity, and to discuss ways of optimizing restoration.

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"This module introduces table management and the link between multivariate and univariate: matrix manipulation and common operations; notion of projection and distance; translation of descriptive and univariate statistics with multiple regression/ACP/AFD as an example; indices of (dis)similarity, distance; correlation".

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This teaching unit is entirely based on practical work in the fields of computer graphics (designing and producing diagrams using vector graphics software) and page layout (designing and producing a poster, article or booklet using desktop publishing software).

See full page

"General linear models with 1 or more random explanatory variables: from the translation of the figure that answers the biological question to the statistical model, i.e. taking into account numerous effects and knowing how to interpret them.

general properties seen through regression and 1-factor ANOVA (R2, F, ddl, least squares, likelihood, diagnosis, validation, goodness of fit, interpretation of effect sizes); nested and cross-factor ANOVA, multiple regression (notion of parameter and effects, and interaction)

incorporation of the dependence of explanatory random variables, confounding of effects (quantitative for multiple regression, and unbalanced designs for ANOVAs)".

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

This course is taught entirely in English. Its aim is twofold: 

1. Enable students to improve their oral expression and comprehension in English 

2. Enable students to enrich their vocabulary in the field of ecology of particular interest to them (e.g. marine ecology, terrestrial ecology).  

Practical exercises: oral presentations by students, videos in English with English subtitles, quizzes, games.   

See full page

See full page

Generalized linear mixed models + methodology and experimental protocols to take account of biological reality: non-normal distribution and pseudo-replication

Protocol optimization, power and uncontrolled 1st order risk: variable transformation, polynomial regression, link function, likelihood, model selection

Deviance analysis and goodness of fit

Incorporation of blocks, repeated measurements over time, consideration of spatial and temporal correlation, over-dispersion

Graphical representation of predictions.

See full page

The aim of this course is to provide the statistical foundations needed to follow all the more advanced modules in the curriculum, so it's a general refresher. Descriptive statistics are reviewed (quantile, cumulative frequency polygon, sample estimators), simple tests are introduced, essential graphs for univariate and multivariate data are presented, the general principle of a statistical test, hypothesis design, the notion of p-value, first and second species risk are presented. In practical exercises, students are also brought up to speed in the R environment.

See full page

See full page

See full page

At the end of this course, students will have acquired the basic knowledge needed to prepare and carry out a scientific communication operation adapted to a target audience, both orally and in writing.

See full page

See full page

This teaching unit is entirely based on practical work focusing on the creation and management of web pages and the knowledge, use and animation of social networks in scientific communication.

See full page

A teaching unit designed to link theoretical ecology, its operational implementation and territorial issues as seen by society's stakeholders. Based on a format combining theoretical lectures with a reminder of the elements needed to understand issues in the field (ecosystem dynamics, anthropization, socio-ecosystem resilience, in situ conservation, etc.), this unit comprises several field blocks (each consisting of a preparatory TD/TP and an "active" field trip). The territories visited will provide an opportunity to meet social players (managers, elected representatives, associations, shepherds, etc.) whose position enables us to understand how ecological issues govern their actions, and how in turn their actions impact biodiversity, its dynamics and its distribution.

See full page

See full page

-Definition of the broad outlines of an integrated coastal zone management project and the methodological approach to be adopted.

-Description of partners (government agencies, professional fisheries bodies, etc.) and how they operate

-Discover and use project management and planning tools

Practical application to a real-life case.

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

The EU's general introduction lays the conceptual foundations for ecological rehabilitation and restoration and the resilience of ecosystems and aquatic environments.
The concepts of ecological and hydrological continuity, river morphology and hydrogeomorphology are explained and illustrated.
A field trip provides an opportunity to analyze the issues at stake, establish operating hypotheses and assess impacts.
Practical exercises are preferably directly linked to the field.
The main tools and know-how for reintroducing species are presented and accompanied by illustrative practical exercises:
- Animal model practical exercise: reintroducing a population of vultures
- Plant model practical exercise: transplanting.
- TP ripisylve: and notion of turquoise screen
The main impacts of soil sealing and interventions on aquatic environments (maintenance and development) and the methods for assessing these impacts, accompanied by illustrative TP:
- TP loi sur l'eau: assessing the impacts of soil sealing and hydrological compensation.
- Hydrogeomorphological practical work: analysis of historical and current hydraulic continuity.
Last but not least, this course enables students to compare ecological and hydrological continuity, and to discuss ways of optimizing restoration.

See full page

"This module introduces table management and the link between multivariate and univariate: matrix manipulation and common operations; notion of projection and distance; translation of descriptive and univariate statistics with multiple regression/ACP/AFD as an example; indices of (dis)similarity, distance; correlation".

See full page

This teaching unit is entirely based on practical work in the fields of computer graphics (designing and producing diagrams using vector graphics software) and page layout (designing and producing a poster, article or booklet using desktop publishing software).

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This course starts with the integration seminar.

During this course, students will participate in the design and implementation of two major annual events in the field of ecology: the Festival de la biodiversité (Festi'Versité) and the Salon national de la biodiversité (SNB). Since 2008, these events have provided an opportunity to bring together, get to know and promote all the players in the professional ecology sector in France.

Working with partner organizations (OFB, F-CEN, UPGE, F-CPIE, UM, CNRS, local authorities, etc.) and the organizing professional structure, the students will assist in the management of the two events.) and the organizing professional structure, the students are assistants to the project management of the two events, occupying various positions according to their motivations, interests and abilities (experience, skills, proposed training courses) in conjunction with volunteers from other training courses (BTS): recruitment and reception of the public and speakers, media events, communication, safety (fire risk, first aid), logistics, fund-raising, eco-responsibility, etc. The positions are offered through job descriptions for which the students apply during the master's integration seminar.

Supported by an Adhoc structure (in the process of being set up) and under the direction of a steering committee bringing together their main stakeholders, these 2 events integrate the assistance of students from the Environmental Management master's courses at the University of Montpellier's Faculty of Science, as part of their teaching and through their student associations.

- Festi'Versité, the biodiversity festival. Festi'Versité raises public awareness of ecological issues through events, shows, games, conferences, screenings and photo exhibitions. It takes place over a weekend in late October/early November at Montpellier Zoo.

- The national biodiversity show. Combining a forum for careers and training, a scientific and technical congress and professional meetings, it features conferences and round tables, scientific and technical presentations, recruitment and professional exchanges. The show takes place over 2 days in January at the Parc des Expositions in Montpellier.

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This course aims to provide a better understanding of the main types of pollutants (organic vs. inorganic), their source(s), their fate in the environment and how they interact with living organisms (bioaccumulation, biotransformation, effects). The methods used in depollution and bioremediation will be discussed. Particular emphasis will be placed on the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic plants to phytoremediation, and on the role of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) in biodegradation, biotransformation or biosequestration mechanisms. This course will be illustrated by a number of case studies, covering examples of chronic and acute/accidental pollution of water, air and soil. In particular, the treatment of pollution linked to the mining, oil, plastics and phyto-pharmaceutical industries will be covered, as will the treatment of liquid effluents (wastewater, industrial effluents). A field trip to Saint-Laurent-Le-Minier will illustrate a current phytoremediation project on a former mining site.

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The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

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"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

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The courses present 4 aspects of Conservation Biology, based on current scientific research in this discipline:  

1. Introduction to Biodiversity Conservation(BC): definition of Conservation Biology. Why conserve biodiversity? Who are the main players in BC and the role of science in BC. 
2. Species conservation: What are the priority species? How can species be conserved? How do you know if a species is "well conserved"? 
3. Space conservation: What are the priority spaces? How to conserve spaces? 
4. Theimportance of social acceptability and political commitment. Need for biodiversity indicators and to measure the impact of conservation. 

Students also carry out group work in which they present a BC project, based on the questions: why, what, where, how, how much does it cost and how do we know if it's effective? 

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River engineering, River morphology, Hydraulic modelling, Flows, Hydraulic engineering and structures, Flooding, Impacts and compensation
Discipline: Free surface hydraulics

This course provides students with a solid grounding in hydraulic modeling. Students learn the equations of free-surface hydraulics under steady-state and non-stationary conditions. They learn how to make the transition from field study to hydraulic modeling: by taking topographic and hydrometric measurements, observing hydraulic indicators (high-water marks, hydrogeomorphological formations, hydraulic jumps, etc.) and then establishing in situ hypotheses for the functioning of watercourses.
Several scales can be explored, depending on the chosen subject: the habitat scale, that of the developed reach, that of the flooding watercourse. For each scale, students can study and implement specific structures in their modeling (fish ladders, lateral weirs, weirs, dykes, dams, etc.). The impact of these structures is simulated and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamics and hydraulic continuity.
The study is deployed on a single case study, from the field phase through to the modeling and presentation of the impact of developments. Work is carried out in groups.

A field trip enables learners to analyze the terrain and conceptualize it in a topographical and hydraulic model. In situ operating hypotheses are formulated and compared with models and results.

Finally, the EU offers students an analysis based on a real case of development or intervention in a watercourse, with an assessment of the initial state, an analysis of the impacts of the intervention, and proposals for hydraulic compensation where appropriate.

See full page

Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

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Behavioral Ecology takes an evolutionary approach to the study of behavior, investigating its mechanisms, function and contribution to evolutionary and ecological processes. The work carried out in Behavioral Ecology helps us to understand other phenomena observed in other disciplines of life biology, because all animals, from unicellulars to the most complex vertebrae, exhibit behaviors.

The module exposes students to the various basic concepts, as well as to the multitude of tools likely to be used (observations and experiments on natural populations or captive individuals, comparative analyses, use of modeling tools, ecophysiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, on-board electronics, etc.). Part of the training is based on specific discussions of the research approaches likely to be employed, the tools used and the limits of the inferences that can be made. Students will be expected to play an active role at all these levels, in particular through critical discussions of articles.

Topics range from the exploration of strategies for food provisioning, mate choice, habitat selection and investment in reproduction, to the study of animal communication and the reasons for group living. The historical dimension of the discipline is addressed in the introduction, but also according to the sensibilities of the contributors and the themes addressed (meaning and relationships between 'Animal Behaviour', 'Ethology', Behavioral Ecology etc.).

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Gestion du Milieu Aquatique et Prévention des Inondations
Discipline: Ecology, Hydraulics

This teaching unit enables students to immerse themselves in a real case study, in the field, relating to the GEMAPI competence. Stakeholders and managers will be met on the study site to appreciate the challenges and complexity of the territory. Student groups will work on a concrete project to bring together water management and flood prevention in a way that respects ecology, the environment and people. This teaching unit will be an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in previous courses (ecology, hydraulics, legislation, regional planning, etc.).

The study is deployed on the same concrete case, from the field phase through modeling, analysis and concerted management, to the phase of presenting the impact of developments. Work is carried out in groups.

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The aim of this course is to provide legal and governance knowledge on land-use planning, the consideration of biodiversity in environmental law, and the awakening of management to the ontologies of societies' relationships with living organisms. This course is particularly useful for future environmental managers, at both national and local level.

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This UE is based on the same pedagogical project as the "Salon de l'écologie-1" UE: organization and participation in the two events "Festi'Versité" and "Salon National de l'Ecologie" (see "Salon de l'écologie-1" sheet).

The specificity of the "Salon de l'écologie-2" UE lies in the roles and involvement of the students in their mission of assisting the project managers of the 2 events. In this UE, they are involved in positions of responsibility as administrators of one of the partner student associations: president, treasurer, communications manager, logistics manager, eco-responsibility manager, festivities manager, congress manager, forum manager. They will coordinate the highlights of the events, the actions of the various teams and the work of the students and volunteers involved in implementation through the "Salon de l'écologie 1" EU.

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The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

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The aim of this course is to deepen understanding of key concepts relating to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to produce a synthesis of the various scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.

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Climate change, global change, outlook, adaptation, resilience, hydrology modelling, future climate simulation, water resource availability, extreme events, impacts on ecosystems, ecological issues

This course provides students with an insight into the climatic, environmental and anthropogenic changes impacting our hydro-eco-socio-systems today and in the future.

The activities focus on a number of non-exhaustive aspects of this vast and constantly evolving field.

In addition to presenting issues, figures and concepts, students learn about hydrological modeling tools that can be used to develop future scenarios for resource development. They analyze a specific subject by combining different disciplines and approaches. They discuss possible adaptations to cope with the impact of change.

The activities consist of 3 parts: The course activity, the modeling activity and the bibliography activity.

- The courses explain the principles of climate modeling, the construction of climate change scenarios and their limitations. The orders of magnitude of the main changes are outlined, as well as the major challenges of sustainable development, climate change and global change. A special focus is placed on French Mediterranean watersheds (climate change hot spots, declining availability of water resources, agricultural practices and adaptations, irrigation, tourism, etc.).

- The concepts of hydrological modeling and calibration in a non-stationary or poorly gauged context are taught, and an introduction to hydrological modeling is given with an application case. Students work with general hydrological models (such as GR, HEC-HMS or WEAP) to evaluate flows and balances, feed them with climate model outputs, generate future flow and balance scenarios, and critique the resulting scenarios. The modeling work carried out in small groups is the subject of an oral presentation.

- Finally, the bibliography compiled in class and completed independently should enable students to specialize around a concrete case study of a change occurring in a compartment of a natural or urbanized hydro-eco-system (chosen by the students). They carry out a bibliographical analysis to identify the societal or environmental issues arising from these changes, as well as the scientific questions inherent in the implementation of impact reduction or adaptation measures. They must identify how their case study is similar to others, but also how it differs from them. Finally, they open their analysis with a more general methodology, applicable to other case studies, for characterizing these changes, their impacts and adaptation measures. Learners write

an operational summary (bibliography, similar case studies, controversies, operational tools, protocols, orders of magnitude). They then pitch their findings to the class.

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The aim of this course is to introduce students to:
1. the workings of the communications departments of different types of organization involved in research and scientific culture or its application (research institutes, local authorities, associations, NGOs, companies, etc.)
2. the methodology for drawing up a communications strategy and plan, as well as a press kit.
Teaching will be based on presentations by communication department managers from various organizations, and on practical sessions enabling students to analyze and design communication strategies and plans, and to write press kits based on real projects submitted by communication department managers.

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This course aims to provide a better understanding of the main types of pollutants (organic vs. inorganic), their source(s), their fate in the environment and how they interact with living organisms (bioaccumulation, biotransformation, effects). The methods used in depollution and bioremediation will be discussed. Particular emphasis will be placed on the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic plants to phytoremediation, and on the role of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) in biodegradation, biotransformation or biosequestration mechanisms. This course will be illustrated by a number of case studies, covering examples of chronic and acute/accidental pollution of water, air and soil. In particular, the treatment of pollution linked to the mining, oil, plastics and phyto-pharmaceutical industries will be covered, as will the treatment of liquid effluents (wastewater, industrial effluents). A field trip to Saint-Laurent-Le-Minier will illustrate a current phytoremediation project on a former mining site.

See full page

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The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

See full page

See full page

"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

See full page

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The courses present 4 aspects of Conservation Biology, based on current scientific research in this discipline:  

1. Introduction to Biodiversity Conservation(BC): definition of Conservation Biology. Why conserve biodiversity? Who are the main players in BC and the role of science in BC. 
2. Species conservation: What are the priority species? How can species be conserved? How do you know if a species is "well conserved"? 
3. Space conservation: What are the priority spaces? How to conserve spaces? 
4. Theimportance of social acceptability and political commitment. Need for biodiversity indicators and to measure the impact of conservation. 

Students also carry out group work in which they present a BC project, based on the questions: why, what, where, how, how much does it cost and how do we know if it's effective? 

See full page

River engineering, River morphology, Hydraulic modelling, Flows, Hydraulic engineering and structures, Flooding, Impacts and compensation
Discipline: Free surface hydraulics

This course provides students with a solid grounding in hydraulic modeling. Students learn the equations of free-surface hydraulics under steady-state and non-stationary conditions. They learn how to make the transition from field study to hydraulic modeling: by taking topographic and hydrometric measurements, observing hydraulic indicators (high-water marks, hydrogeomorphological formations, hydraulic jumps, etc.) and then establishing in situ hypotheses for the functioning of watercourses.
Several scales can be explored, depending on the chosen subject: the habitat scale, that of the developed reach, that of the flooding watercourse. For each scale, students can study and implement specific structures in their modeling (fish ladders, lateral weirs, weirs, dykes, dams, etc.). The impact of these structures is simulated and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamics and hydraulic continuity.
The study is deployed on a single case study, from the field phase through to the modeling and presentation of the impact of developments. Work is carried out in groups.

A field trip enables learners to analyze the terrain and conceptualize it in a topographical and hydraulic model. In situ operating hypotheses are formulated and compared with models and results.

Finally, the EU offers students an analysis based on a real case of development or intervention in a watercourse, with an assessment of the initial state, an analysis of the impacts of the intervention, and proposals for hydraulic compensation where appropriate.

See full page

Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

See full page

Behavioral Ecology takes an evolutionary approach to the study of behavior, investigating its mechanisms, function and contribution to evolutionary and ecological processes. The work carried out in Behavioral Ecology helps us to understand other phenomena observed in other disciplines of life biology, because all animals, from unicellulars to the most complex vertebrae, exhibit behaviors.

The module exposes students to the various basic concepts, as well as to the multitude of tools likely to be used (observations and experiments on natural populations or captive individuals, comparative analyses, use of modeling tools, ecophysiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, on-board electronics, etc.). Part of the training is based on specific discussions of the research approaches likely to be employed, the tools used and the limits of the inferences that can be made. Students will be expected to play an active role at all these levels, in particular through critical discussions of articles.

Topics range from the exploration of strategies for food provisioning, mate choice, habitat selection and investment in reproduction, to the study of animal communication and the reasons for group living. The historical dimension of the discipline is addressed in the introduction, but also according to the sensibilities of the contributors and the themes addressed (meaning and relationships between 'Animal Behaviour', 'Ethology', Behavioral Ecology etc.).

See full page

Gestion du Milieu Aquatique et Prévention des Inondations
Discipline: Ecology, Hydraulics

This teaching unit enables students to immerse themselves in a real case study, in the field, relating to the GEMAPI competence. Stakeholders and managers will be met on the study site to appreciate the challenges and complexity of the territory. Student groups will work on a concrete project to bring together water management and flood prevention in a way that respects ecology, the environment and people. This teaching unit will be an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in previous courses (ecology, hydraulics, legislation, regional planning, etc.).

The study is deployed on the same concrete case, from the field phase through modeling, analysis and concerted management, to the phase of presenting the impact of developments. Work is carried out in groups.

See full page

The aim of this course is to provide legal and governance knowledge on land-use planning, the consideration of biodiversity in environmental law, and the awakening of management to the ontologies of societies' relationships with living organisms. This course is particularly useful for future environmental managers, at both national and local level.

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This UE is based on the same pedagogical project as the "Salon de l'écologie-1" UE: organization and participation in the two events "Festi'Versité" and "Salon National de l'Ecologie" (see "Salon de l'écologie-1" sheet).

The specificity of the "Salon de l'écologie-2" UE lies in the roles and involvement of the students in their mission of assisting the project managers of the 2 events. In this UE, they are involved in positions of responsibility as administrators of one of the partner student associations: president, treasurer, communications manager, logistics manager, eco-responsibility manager, festivities manager, congress manager, forum manager. They will coordinate the highlights of the events, the actions of the various teams and the work of the students and volunteers involved in implementation through the "Salon de l'écologie 1" EU.

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The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

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The aim of this course is to deepen understanding of key concepts relating to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to produce a synthesis of the various scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.

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Climate change, global change, outlook, adaptation, resilience, hydrology modelling, future climate simulation, water resource availability, extreme events, impacts on ecosystems, ecological issues

This course provides students with an insight into the climatic, environmental and anthropogenic changes impacting our hydro-eco-socio-systems today and in the future.

The activities focus on a number of non-exhaustive aspects of this vast and constantly evolving field.

In addition to presenting issues, figures and concepts, students learn about hydrological modeling tools that can be used to develop future scenarios for resource development. They analyze a specific subject by combining different disciplines and approaches. They discuss possible adaptations to cope with the impact of change.

The activities consist of 3 parts: The course activity, the modeling activity and the bibliography activity.

- The courses explain the principles of climate modeling, the construction of climate change scenarios and their limitations. The orders of magnitude of the main changes are outlined, as well as the major challenges of sustainable development, climate change and global change. A special focus is placed on French Mediterranean watersheds (climate change hot spots, declining availability of water resources, agricultural practices and adaptations, irrigation, tourism, etc.).

- The concepts of hydrological modeling and calibration in a non-stationary or poorly gauged context are taught, and an introduction to hydrological modeling is given with an application case. Students work with general hydrological models (such as GR, HEC-HMS or WEAP) to evaluate flows and balances, feed them with climate model outputs, generate future flow and balance scenarios, and critique the resulting scenarios. The modeling work carried out in small groups is the subject of an oral presentation.

- Finally, the bibliography compiled in class and completed independently should enable students to specialize around a concrete case study of a change occurring in a compartment of a natural or urbanized hydro-eco-system (chosen by the students). They carry out a bibliographical analysis to identify the societal or environmental issues arising from these changes, as well as the scientific questions inherent in the implementation of impact reduction or adaptation measures. They must identify how their case study is similar to others, but also how it differs from them. Finally, they open their analysis with a more general methodology, applicable to other case studies, for characterizing these changes, their impacts and adaptation measures. Learners write

an operational summary (bibliography, similar case studies, controversies, operational tools, protocols, orders of magnitude). They then pitch their findings to the class.

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The aim of this course is to introduce students to:
1. the workings of the communications departments of different types of organization involved in research and scientific culture or its application (research institutes, local authorities, associations, NGOs, companies, etc.)
2. the methodology for drawing up a communications strategy and plan, as well as a press kit.
Teaching will be based on presentations by communication department managers from various organizations, and on practical sessions enabling students to analyze and design communication strategies and plans, and to write press kits based on real projects submitted by communication department managers.

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This course is taught entirely in English. Its aim is twofold: 

1. Enable students to improve their oral expression and comprehension in English 

2. Enable students to enrich their vocabulary in the field of ecology of particular interest to them (e.g. marine ecology, terrestrial ecology).  

Practical exercises: oral presentations by students, videos in English with English subtitles, quizzes, games.   

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Innovation is the very culmination of scientific research, but it is also the condition for the survival and/or development of most companies and associations, and hence of all human organizations. Innovation is also a very important lever for the economic development of territories, where it is often coupled with the circular economy or the inclusion economy. 

Being able to participate in the design and implementation of innovative projects, and finding the financial and partnership resources to do so, are skills that are increasingly in demand among all employees, whatever their status and role in the organization (in short, from blue-collar workers to CEOs, technicians, engineers and even ... researchers!) The aim is as much to inculcate a professional culture of innovation as to teach its basic methodological and technical principles. This educational program is based on a project-based pedagogy, and uses seminar work (7 days a week, 24 hours a day) in a closed environment, cut off from the outside world for better concentration. The pedagogical principle is to bring together several skills (in our case, those of 4 GE Master's courses and 2 Energy Master's courses) in the same time and place to work as a group on a local environmental issue. Conferences, meetings, visits, reflection and work will alternate to enable students to deliver a written response and an oral presentation at the end of the week. The best projects will be presented orally to a panel of professionals and defended by the students themselves. 

Open to all GE majors in M2 (except GeIBioTe) in FI and APP, and to the Energy master's program.

With the exception of the Aquadura course, for which this UE takes place over the course of the semester, the Cogithon takes the form of a 6-day seminar. The seminar starts with a theoretical part (the first day) and then proceeds in the form of workshops in which students are organized into project teams. Teams compete to present a project in response to an invitation to tender, which changes every year and is drawn up in partnership with local players. The call for tenders is based on the work of the Aquadura course and their November restitution. 

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This course starts with the integration seminar.

During this course, students will participate in the design and implementation of two major annual events in the field of ecology: the Festival de la biodiversité (Festi'Versité) and the Salon national de la biodiversité (SNB). Since 2008, these events have provided an opportunity to bring together, get to know and promote all the players in the professional ecology sector in France.

Working with partner organizations (OFB, F-CEN, UPGE, F-CPIE, UM, CNRS, local authorities, etc.) and the organizing professional structure, the students will assist in the management of the two events.) and the organizing professional structure, the students are assistants to the project management of the two events, occupying various positions according to their motivations, interests and abilities (experience, skills, proposed training courses) in conjunction with volunteers from other training courses (BTS): recruitment and reception of the public and speakers, media events, communication, safety (fire risk, first aid), logistics, fund-raising, eco-responsibility, etc. The positions are offered through job descriptions for which the students apply during the master's integration seminar.

Supported by an Adhoc structure (in the process of being set up) and under the direction of a steering committee bringing together their main stakeholders, these 2 events integrate the assistance of students from the Environmental Management master's courses at the University of Montpellier's Faculty of Science, as part of their teaching and through their student associations.

- Festi'Versité, the biodiversity festival. Festi'Versité raises public awareness of ecological issues through events, shows, games, conferences, screenings and photo exhibitions. It takes place over a weekend in late October/early November at Montpellier Zoo.

- The national biodiversity show. Combining a forum for careers and training, a scientific and technical congress and professional meetings, it features conferences and round tables, scientific and technical presentations, recruitment and professional exchanges. The show takes place over 2 days in January at the Parc des Expositions in Montpellier.

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This course introduces the various stages involved in creating and developing an aquarium. From dimensioning, to realization, to choice of species and associated scenography. It also looks at the legislation governing the production and trade of living aquatic organisms, and the investment and communication strategies that an establishment such as an aquarium needs to put in place to renew itself and maintain a consistent number of admissions.

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During this course, students will apply the skills acquired during the "Project Management" course to a concrete case, a project to be carried out in groups of 3 to 5 students on behalf of a professional structure (private or public companies, cooperatives, liberal professions, associations, public establishments (universities and research organizations in particular), local authorities, etc.).

The project takes place over a 4-month period, during which the students work part-time, on a rhythm of ½ day a week (Friday mornings).

The project is designed to enable students to put their knowledge and skills to good use outside the university environment, by responding to the specific needs of a professional organization. The project prepares the student to respond to a specific need, acting as an engineering and design service provider in anticipation of their next professional appointment, i.e. their end-of-study internship or first job. It's an enriching experience that can be added to a student's CV, sometimes leading to an internship or even a job.

The projects on offer are diverse and varied: scientific and regulatory watch, state of the art, validation of methods and protocols, data collection and analysis, feasibility studies for creation and innovation, support in the preparation phase of responses to calls for tenders or calls for projects, diagnosis and recommendations, drafting of advisory or training documents, design and implementation of educational and/or teaching activities, design of communication documents, assistance with the organization of events, etc.

How it works: The UE coordinators and each pathway coordinator look for and propose topics that will be open to all students from all pathways (mixed groups are possible if the topic lends itself to it, as do the profiles). Students apply, and the UE coordinator selects the applications and proposes a group structure, which is then rapidly validated by the UE coordinator. The course leaders propose one or more tutors for each proposed project.

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The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

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Training delivered by UMR MARBEC at its site in Sète, France. This module develops the current context of fisheries and global climate change on marine ecosystem dynamics. With a view to better understanding and predicting the effects of fishing and climate on marine ecosystems, the teaching module is structured around the identification of uses, assessment methods and modeling of marine resource dynamics.

Synthetic content of the EU:

Resource and fishing interactions. Analysis of marine trophic interactions. Temporal dynamics of exploited fish populations (species alternation, recruitment). Modeling of predator-prey systems. Bioenergetic modeling (DEB model). Analysis and processing of catch and fishing effort data. GLM and GAM data analysis.

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The proposed module will include a presentation of the main fish farming production systems used in Mediterranean and tropical environments, with their main biotechnical and socio-economic characteristics, as well as the corresponding sectors, and visits to production sites. It will focus on a presentation of the biological bases of aquaculture applied to Mediterranean and tropical species and environments.

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Project management is an essential skill for a Master's-level professional. The aim of this course is to enable you to design and manage a project. We'll look at the different phases of a project, its financing (diversification of sources and budget), the planning of work, time and resources, teamwork (meetings, conflicts, reporting) and risk management. The 6-week "project management" MOOC (Common Core, or classic course - 20 hours of training: Common Core (4 weeks) + 2 specialization modules minimum) between late September and early November will be supplemented by various TDs.

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"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

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The aim of this course is to provide a legal understanding of the coastal areas included in the "maritime public domain", and of other coastal and offshore maritime zones, and to show which legal regimes apply to these areas: ownership of these areas, rules for occupying these areas, rules for developing these areas. The book draws on the law of the sea, coastal and urban planning law, and marine environmental law.

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Introduction to quality management: issues and principles, process approach, interested parties, measurement and improvement systems. The normative context and the ISO9001 standard: certification, accreditation, labeling. Quality and continuous improvement tools and methods: activity description, problem solving, performance analysis and improvement. Risk management: concepts and vocabulary, tools and methods for identifying and controlling risks.

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Innovation is the very culmination of scientific research, but it is also the condition for the survival and/or development of most companies and associations, and hence of all human organizations. Innovation is also a very important lever for the economic development of territories, where it is often coupled with the circular economy or the inclusion economy. 

Being able to participate in the design and implementation of innovative projects, and finding the financial and partnership resources to do so, are skills that are increasingly in demand among all employees, whatever their status and role in the organization (in short, from blue-collar workers to CEOs, technicians, engineers and even ... researchers!) The aim is as much to inculcate a professional culture of innovation as to teach its basic methodological and technical principles. This educational program is based on a project-based pedagogy, and uses seminar work (7 days a week, 24 hours a day) in a closed environment, cut off from the outside world for better concentration. The pedagogical principle is to bring together several skills (in our case, those of 4 GE Master's courses and 2 Energy Master's courses) in the same time and place to work as a group on a local environmental issue. Conferences, meetings, visits, reflection and work will alternate to enable students to deliver a written response and an oral presentation at the end of the week. The best projects will be presented orally to a panel of professionals and defended by the students themselves. 

Open to all GE majors in M2 (except GeIBioTe) in FI and APP, and to the Energy master's program.

With the exception of the Aquadura course, for which this UE takes place over the course of the semester, the Cogithon takes the form of a 6-day seminar. The seminar starts with a theoretical part (the first day) and then proceeds in the form of workshops in which students are organized into project teams. Teams compete to present a project in response to an invitation to tender, which changes every year and is drawn up in partnership with local players. The call for tenders is based on the work of the Aquadura course and their November restitution. 

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This course starts with the integration seminar.

During this course, students will participate in the design and implementation of two major annual events in the field of ecology: the Festival de la biodiversité (Festi'Versité) and the Salon national de la biodiversité (SNB). Since 2008, these events have provided an opportunity to bring together, get to know and promote all the players in the professional ecology sector in France.

Working with partner organizations (OFB, F-CEN, UPGE, F-CPIE, UM, CNRS, local authorities, etc.) and the organizing professional structure, the students will assist in the management of the two events.) and the organizing professional structure, the students are assistants to the project management of the two events, occupying various positions according to their motivations, interests and abilities (experience, skills, proposed training courses) in conjunction with volunteers from other training courses (BTS): recruitment and reception of the public and speakers, media events, communication, safety (fire risk, first aid), logistics, fund-raising, eco-responsibility, etc. The positions are offered through job descriptions for which the students apply during the master's integration seminar.

Supported by an Adhoc structure (in the process of being set up) and under the direction of a steering committee bringing together their main stakeholders, these 2 events integrate the assistance of students from the Environmental Management master's courses at the University of Montpellier's Faculty of Science, as part of their teaching and through their student associations.

- Festi'Versité, the biodiversity festival. Festi'Versité raises public awareness of ecological issues through events, shows, games, conferences, screenings and photo exhibitions. It takes place over a weekend in late October/early November at Montpellier Zoo.

- The national biodiversity show. Combining a forum for careers and training, a scientific and technical congress and professional meetings, it features conferences and round tables, scientific and technical presentations, recruitment and professional exchanges. The show takes place over 2 days in January at the Parc des Expositions in Montpellier.

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During this course, students will apply the skills acquired during the "Project Management" course to a concrete case, a project to be carried out in groups of 3 to 5 students on behalf of a professional structure (private or public companies, cooperatives, liberal professions, associations, public establishments (universities and research organizations in particular), local authorities, etc.).

The project takes place over a 4-month period, during which the students work part-time, on a rhythm of ½ day a week (Friday mornings).

The project is designed to enable students to put their knowledge and skills to good use outside the university environment, by responding to the specific needs of a professional organization. The project prepares the student to respond to a specific need, acting as an engineering and design service provider in anticipation of their next professional appointment, i.e. their end-of-study internship or first job. It's an enriching experience that can be added to a student's CV, sometimes leading to an internship or even a job.

The projects on offer are diverse and varied: scientific and regulatory watch, state of the art, validation of methods and protocols, data collection and analysis, feasibility studies for creation and innovation, support in the preparation phase of responses to calls for tenders or calls for projects, diagnosis and recommendations, drafting of advisory or training documents, design and implementation of educational and/or teaching activities, design of communication documents, assistance with the organization of events, etc.

How it works: The UE coordinators and each pathway coordinator look for and propose topics that will be open to all students from all pathways (mixed groups are possible if the topic lends itself to it, as do the profiles). Students apply, and the UE coordinator selects the applications and proposes a group structure, which is then rapidly validated by the UE coordinator. The course leaders propose one or more tutors for each proposed project.

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The courses present 4 aspects of Conservation Biology, based on current scientific research in this discipline:  

1. Introduction to Biodiversity Conservation(BC): definition of Conservation Biology. Why conserve biodiversity? Who are the main players in BC and the role of science in BC. 
2. Species conservation: What are the priority species? How can species be conserved? How do you know if a species is "well conserved"? 
3. Space conservation: What are the priority spaces? How to conserve spaces? 
4. Theimportance of social acceptability and political commitment. Need for biodiversity indicators and to measure the impact of conservation. 

Students also carry out group work in which they present a BC project, based on the questions: why, what, where, how, how much does it cost and how do we know if it's effective? 

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The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

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"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

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1. Bayesian inference: Motivation and simple example. 

2. The likelihood. 

3. A detour to explore priors. 

4. Markov chains Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)

5. Bayesian analyses in R with the Jags software.  

6. Contrast scientific hypotheses with model selection (WAIC).

7. Heterogeneity and multilevel models (aka mixed models. 

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Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

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Behavioral Ecology takes an evolutionary approach to the study of behavior, investigating its mechanisms, function and contribution to evolutionary and ecological processes. The work carried out in Behavioral Ecology helps us to understand other phenomena observed in other disciplines of life biology, because all animals, from unicellulars to the most complex vertebrae, exhibit behaviors.

The module exposes students to the various basic concepts, as well as to the multitude of tools likely to be used (observations and experiments on natural populations or captive individuals, comparative analyses, use of modeling tools, ecophysiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, on-board electronics, etc.). Part of the training is based on specific discussions of the research approaches likely to be employed, the tools used and the limits of the inferences that can be made. Students will be expected to play an active role at all these levels, in particular through critical discussions of articles.

Topics range from the exploration of strategies for food provisioning, mate choice, habitat selection and investment in reproduction, to the study of animal communication and the reasons for group living. The historical dimension of the discipline is addressed in the introduction, but also according to the sensibilities of the contributors and the themes addressed (meaning and relationships between 'Animal Behaviour', 'Ethology', Behavioral Ecology etc.).

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1 "The way in which the modern West represents nature is the least shared thing in the world" (Descola, 2005, p. 56). According to anthropologist Philippe Descola, the category of "Nature", as a reality separate from the human world, was invented by Europeans, and is just one of the ways in which societies can account for the living and non-living beings that surround them.

While Philippe Descola is helping to renew questions concerning the relationship between society and the environment, he is also drawing on a long tradition in the human and social sciences. Numerous works have already explored the various forms of knowledge and social organization to which these relationships give rise: ethnoscience, anthropology of technology, economic anthropology, ethnoecology, sociology of science and technology, and so on.

This issue is far from being confined to the academic sphere. It is also of interest to those involved in conservation (biodiversity, natural resources, etc.) and industry (pharmacology). It is also mobilizing so-called "indigenous" populations who are demanding, both locally and internationally, access to resources and the preservation of an intangible heritage.

2. Situated at the crossroads of social sciences and life sciences, these disciplines analyze how human societies use plants, animals and other environmental components, and how their conceptions and representations of their environment(s) shape these uses. This research also explores how human societies organize themselves, perpetuate themselves, change to adapt to new contexts (globalization, global change) and transmit knowledge about their relationships with nature.

For a long time, these disciplines focused more specifically on the interrelations between so-called "traditional" societies and their immediate environment. Then, from the 1970s onwards, researchers reconsidered the distinction between "traditional" and "modern" societies, to better address the new environmental and social transformations taking place today.

On the one hand, even the most isolated local societies are affected by events that are decided and unfolding on different scales (international conventions, economic crises). Their immediate environment is also affected by global phenomena (climate change, erosion of biodiversity, etc.). In return, their actions can also have international ecological, social and economic repercussions, when, for example, these companies organize to bring their demands to international arenas.

On the other hand, the relationship that modern societies have with their environment is being reconfigured in the face of an increasingly "artificialized" planet threatened by serious disruptions and crises. The place of flora and fauna is being reconsidered, and their rights are the subject of controversy. Moreover, the entry into a new geological era, the Anthropocene, is being used to call on both the natural sciences and the human and social sciences to take a fresh look at the shared history of the environment and society.

3. The very work of scientists and engineers is apprehended in a new light. A new scientific project in the humanities and social sciences aims to reconsider the role of "non-humans", and calls for analytical categories other than Nature and Culture. New scales and methods of investigation are also envisaged to analyze global processes.

These recent changes in scale invite researchers in the humanities and social sciences to (re)consider their approach through a reflexive lens: they are no longer mere observers, but can also be genuine actors in processes, when they are not directly involved in a social movement.

4. The aim of this module is to introduce these different scientific and operational fields. The aim is to provide students with benchmarks and food for thought, enabling them to construct scientific questions on the relationship between society and the environment, and to reflect on the ways in which current environmental and social issues can be tackled. The speakers' varied geographical and disciplinary backgrounds will illustrate the approach across a wide range of ecosystem types, socio-cultural contexts and themes. In the time available, we cannot claim to cover all the themes, approaches and methods exhaustively. Any student wishing to delve deeper into this field will need to take a more in-depth training course.

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The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

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The aim of this course is to deepen understanding of key concepts relating to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to produce a synthesis of the various scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.

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Climate change, global change, outlook, adaptation, resilience, hydrology modelling, future climate simulation, water resource availability, extreme events, impacts on ecosystems, ecological issues

This course provides students with an insight into the climatic, environmental and anthropogenic changes impacting our hydro-eco-socio-systems today and in the future.

The activities focus on a number of non-exhaustive aspects of this vast and constantly evolving field.

In addition to presenting issues, figures and concepts, students learn about hydrological modeling tools that can be used to develop future scenarios for resource development. They analyze a specific subject by combining different disciplines and approaches. They discuss possible adaptations to cope with the impact of change.

The activities consist of 3 parts: The course activity, the modeling activity and the bibliography activity.

- The courses explain the principles of climate modeling, the construction of climate change scenarios and their limitations. The orders of magnitude of the main changes are outlined, as well as the major challenges of sustainable development, climate change and global change. A special focus is placed on French Mediterranean watersheds (climate change hot spots, declining availability of water resources, agricultural practices and adaptations, irrigation, tourism, etc.).

- The concepts of hydrological modeling and calibration in a non-stationary or poorly gauged context are taught, and an introduction to hydrological modeling is given with an application case. Students work with general hydrological models (such as GR, HEC-HMS or WEAP) to evaluate flows and balances, feed them with climate model outputs, generate future flow and balance scenarios, and critique the resulting scenarios. The modeling work carried out in small groups is the subject of an oral presentation.

- Finally, the bibliography compiled in class and completed independently should enable students to specialize around a concrete case study of a change occurring in a compartment of a natural or urbanized hydro-eco-system (chosen by the students). They carry out a bibliographical analysis to identify the societal or environmental issues arising from these changes, as well as the scientific questions inherent in the implementation of impact reduction or adaptation measures. They must identify how their case study is similar to others, but also how it differs from them. Finally, they open their analysis with a more general methodology, applicable to other case studies, for characterizing these changes, their impacts and adaptation measures. Learners write

an operational summary (bibliography, similar case studies, controversies, operational tools, protocols, orders of magnitude). They then pitch their findings to the class.

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This course aims to provide a better understanding of the main types of pollutants (organic vs. inorganic), their source(s), their fate in the environment and how they interact with living organisms (bioaccumulation, biotransformation, effects). The methods used in depollution and bioremediation will be discussed. Particular emphasis will be placed on the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic plants to phytoremediation, and on the role of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) in biodegradation, biotransformation or biosequestration mechanisms. This course will be illustrated by a number of case studies, covering examples of chronic and acute/accidental pollution of water, air and soil. In particular, the treatment of pollution linked to the mining, oil, plastics and phyto-pharmaceutical industries will be covered, as will the treatment of liquid effluents (wastewater, industrial effluents). A field trip to Saint-Laurent-Le-Minier will illustrate a current phytoremediation project on a former mining site.

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The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

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"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

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1. Bayesian inference: Motivation and simple example. 

2. The likelihood. 

3. A detour to explore priors. 

4. Markov chains Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)

5. Bayesian analyses in R with the Jags software.  

6. Contrast scientific hypotheses with model selection (WAIC).

7. Heterogeneity and multilevel models (aka mixed models. 

See full page

Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

See full page

See full page

Behavioral Ecology takes an evolutionary approach to the study of behavior, investigating its mechanisms, function and contribution to evolutionary and ecological processes. The work carried out in Behavioral Ecology helps us to understand other phenomena observed in other disciplines of life biology, because all animals, from unicellulars to the most complex vertebrae, exhibit behaviors.

The module exposes students to the various basic concepts, as well as to the multitude of tools likely to be used (observations and experiments on natural populations or captive individuals, comparative analyses, use of modeling tools, ecophysiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, on-board electronics, etc.). Part of the training is based on specific discussions of the research approaches likely to be employed, the tools used and the limits of the inferences that can be made. Students will be expected to play an active role at all these levels, in particular through critical discussions of articles.

Topics range from the exploration of strategies for food provisioning, mate choice, habitat selection and investment in reproduction, to the study of animal communication and the reasons for group living. The historical dimension of the discipline is addressed in the introduction, but also according to the sensibilities of the contributors and the themes addressed (meaning and relationships between 'Animal Behaviour', 'Ethology', Behavioral Ecology etc.).

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1 "The way in which the modern West represents nature is the least shared thing in the world" (Descola, 2005, p. 56). According to anthropologist Philippe Descola, the category of "Nature", as a reality separate from the human world, was invented by Europeans, and is just one of the ways in which societies can account for the living and non-living beings that surround them.

While Philippe Descola is helping to renew questions concerning the relationship between society and the environment, he is also drawing on a long tradition in the human and social sciences. Numerous works have already explored the various forms of knowledge and social organization to which these relationships give rise: ethnoscience, anthropology of technology, economic anthropology, ethnoecology, sociology of science and technology, and so on.

This issue is far from being confined to the academic sphere. It is also of interest to those involved in conservation (biodiversity, natural resources, etc.) and industry (pharmacology). It is also mobilizing so-called "indigenous" populations who are demanding, both locally and internationally, access to resources and the preservation of an intangible heritage.

2. Situated at the crossroads of social sciences and life sciences, these disciplines analyze how human societies use plants, animals and other environmental components, and how their conceptions and representations of their environment(s) shape these uses. This research also explores how human societies organize themselves, perpetuate themselves, change to adapt to new contexts (globalization, global change) and transmit knowledge about their relationships with nature.

For a long time, these disciplines focused more specifically on the interrelations between so-called "traditional" societies and their immediate environment. Then, from the 1970s onwards, researchers reconsidered the distinction between "traditional" and "modern" societies, to better address the new environmental and social transformations taking place today.

On the one hand, even the most isolated local societies are affected by events that are decided and unfolding on different scales (international conventions, economic crises). Their immediate environment is also affected by global phenomena (climate change, erosion of biodiversity, etc.). In return, their actions can also have international ecological, social and economic repercussions, when, for example, these companies organize to bring their demands to international arenas.

On the other hand, the relationship that modern societies have with their environment is being reconfigured in the face of an increasingly "artificialized" planet threatened by serious disruptions and crises. The place of flora and fauna is being reconsidered, and their rights are the subject of controversy. Moreover, the entry into a new geological era, the Anthropocene, is being used to call on both the natural sciences and the human and social sciences to take a fresh look at the shared history of the environment and society.

3. The very work of scientists and engineers is apprehended in a new light. A new scientific project in the humanities and social sciences aims to reconsider the role of "non-humans", and calls for analytical categories other than Nature and Culture. New scales and methods of investigation are also envisaged to analyze global processes.

These recent changes in scale invite researchers in the humanities and social sciences to (re)consider their approach through a reflexive lens: they are no longer mere observers, but can also be genuine actors in processes, when they are not directly involved in a social movement.

4. The aim of this module is to introduce these different scientific and operational fields. The aim is to provide students with benchmarks and food for thought, enabling them to construct scientific questions on the relationship between society and the environment, and to reflect on the ways in which current environmental and social issues can be tackled. The speakers' varied geographical and disciplinary backgrounds will illustrate the approach across a wide range of ecosystem types, socio-cultural contexts and themes. In the time available, we cannot claim to cover all the themes, approaches and methods exhaustively. Any student wishing to delve deeper into this field will need to take a more in-depth training course.

See full page

See full page

The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

See full page

See full page

The aim of this course is to deepen understanding of key concepts relating to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to produce a synthesis of the various scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

Climate change, global change, outlook, adaptation, resilience, hydrology modelling, future climate simulation, water resource availability, extreme events, impacts on ecosystems, ecological issues

This course provides students with an insight into the climatic, environmental and anthropogenic changes impacting our hydro-eco-socio-systems today and in the future.

The activities focus on a number of non-exhaustive aspects of this vast and constantly evolving field.

In addition to presenting issues, figures and concepts, students learn about hydrological modeling tools that can be used to develop future scenarios for resource development. They analyze a specific subject by combining different disciplines and approaches. They discuss possible adaptations to cope with the impact of change.

The activities consist of 3 parts: The course activity, the modeling activity and the bibliography activity.

- The courses explain the principles of climate modeling, the construction of climate change scenarios and their limitations. The orders of magnitude of the main changes are outlined, as well as the major challenges of sustainable development, climate change and global change. A special focus is placed on French Mediterranean watersheds (climate change hot spots, declining availability of water resources, agricultural practices and adaptations, irrigation, tourism, etc.).

- The concepts of hydrological modeling and calibration in a non-stationary or poorly gauged context are taught, and an introduction to hydrological modeling is given with an application case. Students work with general hydrological models (such as GR, HEC-HMS or WEAP) to evaluate flows and balances, feed them with climate model outputs, generate future flow and balance scenarios, and critique the resulting scenarios. The modeling work carried out in small groups is the subject of an oral presentation.

- Finally, the bibliography compiled in class and completed independently should enable students to specialize around a concrete case study of a change occurring in a compartment of a natural or urbanized hydro-eco-system (chosen by the students). They carry out a bibliographical analysis to identify the societal or environmental issues arising from these changes, as well as the scientific questions inherent in the implementation of impact reduction or adaptation measures. They must identify how their case study is similar to others, but also how it differs from them. Finally, they open their analysis with a more general methodology, applicable to other case studies, for characterizing these changes, their impacts and adaptation measures. Learners write

an operational summary (bibliography, similar case studies, controversies, operational tools, protocols, orders of magnitude). They then pitch their findings to the class.

See full page

See full page

See full page

The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

See full page

See full page

See full page

"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

See full page

See full page

1. Bayesian inference: Motivation and simple example. 

2. The likelihood. 

3. A detour to explore priors. 

4. Markov chains Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)

5. Bayesian analyses in R with the Jags software.  

6. Contrast scientific hypotheses with model selection (WAIC).

7. Heterogeneity and multilevel models (aka mixed models. 

See full page

Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

See full page

See full page

Behavioral Ecology takes an evolutionary approach to the study of behavior, investigating its mechanisms, function and contribution to evolutionary and ecological processes. The work carried out in Behavioral Ecology helps us to understand other phenomena observed in other disciplines of life biology, because all animals, from unicellulars to the most complex vertebrae, exhibit behaviors.

The module exposes students to the various basic concepts, as well as to the multitude of tools likely to be used (observations and experiments on natural populations or captive individuals, comparative analyses, use of modeling tools, ecophysiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, on-board electronics, etc.). Part of the training is based on specific discussions of the research approaches likely to be employed, the tools used and the limits of the inferences that can be made. Students will be expected to play an active role at all these levels, in particular through critical discussions of articles.

Topics range from the exploration of strategies for food provisioning, mate choice, habitat selection and investment in reproduction, to the study of animal communication and the reasons for group living. The historical dimension of the discipline is addressed in the introduction, but also according to the sensibilities of the contributors and the themes addressed (meaning and relationships between 'Animal Behaviour', 'Ethology', Behavioral Ecology etc.).

See full page

1 "The way in which the modern West represents nature is the least shared thing in the world" (Descola, 2005, p. 56). According to anthropologist Philippe Descola, the category of "Nature", as a reality separate from the human world, was invented by Europeans, and is just one of the ways in which societies can account for the living and non-living beings that surround them.

While Philippe Descola is helping to renew questions concerning the relationship between society and the environment, he is also drawing on a long tradition in the human and social sciences. Numerous works have already explored the various forms of knowledge and social organization to which these relationships give rise: ethnoscience, anthropology of technology, economic anthropology, ethnoecology, sociology of science and technology, and so on.

This issue is far from being confined to the academic sphere. It is also of interest to those involved in conservation (biodiversity, natural resources, etc.) and industry (pharmacology). It is also mobilizing so-called "indigenous" populations who are demanding, both locally and internationally, access to resources and the preservation of an intangible heritage.

2. Situated at the crossroads of social sciences and life sciences, these disciplines analyze how human societies use plants, animals and other environmental components, and how their conceptions and representations of their environment(s) shape these uses. This research also explores how human societies organize themselves, perpetuate themselves, change to adapt to new contexts (globalization, global change) and transmit knowledge about their relationships with nature.

For a long time, these disciplines focused more specifically on the interrelations between so-called "traditional" societies and their immediate environment. Then, from the 1970s onwards, researchers reconsidered the distinction between "traditional" and "modern" societies, to better address the new environmental and social transformations taking place today.

On the one hand, even the most isolated local societies are affected by events that are decided and unfolding on different scales (international conventions, economic crises). Their immediate environment is also affected by global phenomena (climate change, erosion of biodiversity, etc.). In return, their actions can also have international ecological, social and economic repercussions, when, for example, these companies organize to bring their demands to international arenas.

On the other hand, the relationship that modern societies have with their environment is being reconfigured in the face of an increasingly "artificialized" planet threatened by serious disruptions and crises. The place of flora and fauna is being reconsidered, and their rights are the subject of controversy. Moreover, the entry into a new geological era, the Anthropocene, is being used to call on both the natural sciences and the human and social sciences to take a fresh look at the shared history of the environment and society.

3. The very work of scientists and engineers is apprehended in a new light. A new scientific project in the humanities and social sciences aims to reconsider the role of "non-humans", and calls for analytical categories other than Nature and Culture. New scales and methods of investigation are also envisaged to analyze global processes.

These recent changes in scale invite researchers in the humanities and social sciences to (re)consider their approach through a reflexive lens: they are no longer mere observers, but can also be genuine actors in processes, when they are not directly involved in a social movement.

4. The aim of this module is to introduce these different scientific and operational fields. The aim is to provide students with benchmarks and food for thought, enabling them to construct scientific questions on the relationship between society and the environment, and to reflect on the ways in which current environmental and social issues can be tackled. The speakers' varied geographical and disciplinary backgrounds will illustrate the approach across a wide range of ecosystem types, socio-cultural contexts and themes. In the time available, we cannot claim to cover all the themes, approaches and methods exhaustively. Any student wishing to delve deeper into this field will need to take a more in-depth training course.

See full page

See full page

The module covers the identification, quantification and modeling of interactions between climate, marine species and their exploitation.

See full page

See full page

The aim of this course is to deepen understanding of key concepts relating to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to produce a synthesis of the various scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

Climate change, global change, outlook, adaptation, resilience, hydrology modelling, future climate simulation, water resource availability, extreme events, impacts on ecosystems, ecological issues

This course provides students with an insight into the climatic, environmental and anthropogenic changes impacting our hydro-eco-socio-systems today and in the future.

The activities focus on a number of non-exhaustive aspects of this vast and constantly evolving field.

In addition to presenting issues, figures and concepts, students learn about hydrological modeling tools that can be used to develop future scenarios for resource development. They analyze a specific subject by combining different disciplines and approaches. They discuss possible adaptations to cope with the impact of change.

The activities consist of 3 parts: The course activity, the modeling activity and the bibliography activity.

- The courses explain the principles of climate modeling, the construction of climate change scenarios and their limitations. The orders of magnitude of the main changes are outlined, as well as the major challenges of sustainable development, climate change and global change. A special focus is placed on French Mediterranean watersheds (climate change hot spots, declining availability of water resources, agricultural practices and adaptations, irrigation, tourism, etc.).

- The concepts of hydrological modeling and calibration in a non-stationary or poorly gauged context are taught, and an introduction to hydrological modeling is given with an application case. Students work with general hydrological models (such as GR, HEC-HMS or WEAP) to evaluate flows and balances, feed them with climate model outputs, generate future flow and balance scenarios, and critique the resulting scenarios. The modeling work carried out in small groups is the subject of an oral presentation.

- Finally, the bibliography compiled in class and completed independently should enable students to specialize around a concrete case study of a change occurring in a compartment of a natural or urbanized hydro-eco-system (chosen by the students). They carry out a bibliographical analysis to identify the societal or environmental issues arising from these changes, as well as the scientific questions inherent in the implementation of impact reduction or adaptation measures. They must identify how their case study is similar to others, but also how it differs from them. Finally, they open their analysis with a more general methodology, applicable to other case studies, for characterizing these changes, their impacts and adaptation measures. Learners write

an operational summary (bibliography, similar case studies, controversies, operational tools, protocols, orders of magnitude). They then pitch their findings to the class.

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

The expansion of the urban environment is leading to the fragmentation/destruction of natural habitats, conservation problems and a change in the relationship between man and nature. However, urban spaces can also be home to significant biodiversity in close proximity to man, which can then be used for conservation, awareness-raising, improving human well-being or even therapeutic purposes. It's a tall order to try to work in ecology while denying the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its particularities. The aim of this course is to help future ecology professionals find a compromise between urban development and respect for nature. Through courses given by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (associations, consultancies, local authorities, etc.), with whom and how an ecologist can act in urban ecology.

See full page

See full page

See full page

"I - Physical characterization and biogeochemical cycles of coastal marine ecosystems II - Biodiversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems III Coastal and marine law; Uses, conflicts and integrated management of the coastal zone. This course offers students a systemic approach to the study of coastal marine ecosystems from a highly multidisciplinary perspective. The physical structure of these ecosystems will be addressed through courses on their geomorphology and hydrology, with a particular focus on hydric couplings with the open sea and their watersheds. Their biogeochemistry will be addressed, in particular to describe carbon and nutrient flows through the water and sediment compartments. Several aspects of their biodiversity will be illustrated to describe the importance of these ecosystems as living environments for the species they support, and in particular the role of this biodiversity in their functioning. The coastal zone is densely populated by man (40% of the world's population). Particular attention will be paid to human uses (e.g. aquaculture) and their territorial planning, including the evaluation of their ecosystem services in an economic context, management and protection measures (e.g. Marine Protected Areas, Natura 2000), and professionals involved in the management of these environments will present practical feedback. Finally, the implications of the Law of the Sea for the management of coastal zones will be discussed. "

See full page

See full page

1. Bayesian inference: Motivation and simple example. 

2. The likelihood. 

3. A detour to explore priors. 

4. Markov chains Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)

5. Bayesian analyses in R with the Jags software.  

6. Contrast scientific hypotheses with model selection (WAIC).

7. Heterogeneity and multilevel models (aka mixed models. 

See full page

Sustainable development, ERC sequence, green, blue, turquoise grid.

The aim is to present the regulatory and technical frameworks for integrating the environment into projects, plans and programs. The Avoid, Reduce, Compensate sequence, its challenges and the players involved will be presented, discussed and illustrated. The green and blue webs and their interface with the turquoise web will be analyzed as tools for improving biodiversity preservation in land management and development operations.
Learners will be asked to take a step back from the methods and know-how used to apply the ERC sequence in various fields, linked to plans, developments and programs with an impact on the environment.

A field trip is an opportunity to meet the players and the ERC actions deployed, and to draw up a diagnosis and outlook.

Applications will focus on the "trame turquoise" linking biodiversity law and water law, and on the ERC deployment of the development file.

Last but not least, the EU offers learners a real opportunity to critically analyze their know-how and produce innovative, inclusive solutions.

See full page

See full page