EU Choice 2

The expansion of the urban environment leads to the fragmentation and destruction of natural habitats, conservation challenges, and a shift in the relationship between humans and nature. However, urban areas can also harbor significant biodiversity in close proximity to humans, which can then be utilized for conservation, public awareness, improving human well-being, and even therapeutic purposes. It is a challenge to work in ecology while ignoring the existence and consequences of the urban environment and its unique characteristics. The goal of this course unit is to help future ecology professionals find compromises between urban development and respect for nature. Through lectures delivered by a variety of professionals and a field trip to Montpellier, students will discover where (nonprofits, consulting firms, local governments, etc.), with whom, and how an ecologist can work in the field of urban ecology.

View the full page

View the full page

View the full page

1. “The way the modern West conceives of nature is the least widely shared view in the world” (Descola, 2005, p. 56). According to anthropologist Philippe Descola, the category of “Nature,” as a reality separate from the human world, is a European invention that is merely one of the possibilities available to societies for accounting for the living and non-living beings that surround them.

While Philippe Descola helps to revitalize the discussion of the relationship between society and the environment, he nevertheless draws on a long tradition in the humanities and social sciences. Numerous studies have already explored the various forms of knowledge and social organization that arise from this relationship: ethnoscience, the anthropology of technology, economic anthropology, ethnoecology, the sociology of science and technology, and so on.

This issue is by no means confined to the academic sphere. It also attracts the interest of stakeholders in conservation (biodiversity, natural resources, etc.) and industry (pharmacology). It also mobilizes so-called “indigenous” peoples, who are advocating—both locally and internationally—for access to resources and the preservation of their intangible cultural heritage.

2. Situated at the intersection of the social sciences and the life sciences, these disciplines analyze how human societies use plants, animals, and other components of the environment, as well as how their conceptions and representations of their environment(s) shape these uses. This research also explores how human societies organize themselves, perpetuate themselves, change to adapt to new contexts (globalization, global changes), and transmit knowledge about their relationships with nature.

For a long time, these disciplines focused more specifically on the interrelationships between so-called “traditional” societies and their immediate environment. Subsequently, beginning in the 1970s, researchers reevaluated the distinction between so-called “traditional” and “modern” societies in order to better address new contemporary environmental and social transformations.

Indeed, on the one hand, local communities—even the most isolated ones—are affected by events that are decided and unfold at various levels (international agreements, economic crises). Their immediate environment is also affected by global phenomena (climate change, loss of biodiversity, etc.). Conversely, their actions can also have international ecological, social, and economic repercussions, for example, when these communities organize to voice their demands in international forums.

Furthermore, the relationship that modern societies have with their environment is being reshaped in light of the reality of an increasingly “artificialized” planet threatened by serious disruptions and crises. The role of flora and fauna is being reevaluated, and their rights are the subject of controversy. Furthermore, the onset of a new geological era—the Anthropocene—is cited to challenge both the natural sciences and the humanities and social sciences to reconsider how we view the shared history of the environment and societies.

3. The very work of scientists and engineers is being viewed in a new light. In this regard, a new research project in the humanities and social sciences aims to reexamine the role of “non-humans” and calls for the development of analytical categories other than those of Nature and Culture. New scales and methods of investigation are also being considered to analyze global processes.

These recent shifts in scale prompt researchers in the humanities and social sciences to (re)examine their methodology through a reflective approach: they are no longer mere observers, but can also be active participants in these processes—even when they are not directly involved in a social movement.

4. The objective of this module is to introduce these various scientific and operational fields. It aims to provide students with points of reference and food for thought so that they can formulate scientific questions about the relationship between society and the environment, with a view to reflecting on how to address current environmental and social challenges. The instructors’ diverse geographical and disciplinary backgrounds will help illustrate this approach through a wide range of ecosystem types, sociocultural contexts, and themes. Given the time constraints, we do not intend to provide an exhaustive coverage of all topics, approaches, and methods. Any student wishing to delve deeper into this field should pursue more in-depth training.

View the full page

Aquatic Environment Management and Flood Prevention
Field: Ecology, Hydraulics

This course allows students to immerse themselves in a real-world case study in the field, within the scope of GEMAPI. Students will meet with stakeholders and managers at the study site to gain an understanding of the challenges and complexity of the area. Student groups will work on a concrete project to integrate aquatic environment management with flood prevention in a way that respects ecology, the environment, and people. This course will provide an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills acquired in previous courses (ecology, hydraulics, legislation, land-use planning, etc.).

The study is conducted using a single real-world case, from the fieldwork phase through modeling, analysis, and collaborative management, all the way to the presentation of the impacts of the developments. The work is done in groups.

View the full page

View the full page