L2-L3 LICENCE TERRE, EAU, ENVIRONNEMENT (TEE)

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

This module introduces the basics of seismology. It focuses on the initiation of earthquakes, wave propagation and analysis of records to characterise the earthquake (location, magnitude, focal mechanism) and image the Earth's interior. We will also discuss the estimation of the seismic hazard of earthquakes. Finally, we will look at how this information allows us to better understand the geodynamics and the seismic cycle. The second part of the course focuses on the processing of seismograms with an introduction to signal processing techniques during computer exercises (Fourier transform, filter, convolution, correlation) and imaging/tomography. A practical course with real data concludes the year with the pointing of the data, the calculation of magnitudes, the localization and the mechanism of an earthquake focus to characterize and quantify the active deformation of the East African Rift.  

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 25h
• TD: 12 hours
• Practical work: 8 hours

See full page

This course brings together three complementary and fundamental disciplines of the Earth Sciences: sedimentology, tectonics and cartography. The different types of sedimentary rocks will be taught in detail in order to interpret their formation context and associated processes. Ductile and brittle tectonic objects will also be discussed at different scales in order to establish their formation context, particularly in terms of stress regime. Practical work on samples will be carried out in parallel to allow students to develop their sense of observation and drawing and to take advantage of the rich collections available in the department. Finally, an introduction to reading and working with geological maps will be carried out (diagram, section), applying the notions of sedimentology and tectonics previously acquired. This course should enable students to define the main lines of the geological history of a given region.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 12
• TD: 3
• TP: 21

See full page

This course introduces the fundamentals of Structural Geology at undergraduate level. The teaching will focus on the analysis of the different objects and deformation processes present at all levels of the Earth's crust. The deformation of rocks will be studied using field examples (photos and geological maps), samples, thin sections and experiments. The main points will be the analysis of the deformation processes (brittle and ductile), as well as the associated structural objects. The interpretation of these structures will be discussed in terms of tectonic regimes. Techniques for structural measurements and stereographic projections of objects encountered in the field will be taught. Structural analysis will be carried out from the small scale using a microscope to the large scale using 1:50,000 geological maps and satellite photos in deformed domains.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 6h
• TD: 6h
• Practical work: 6h

See full page

This course presents groundwater in the hydrological cycle and then approaches the properties of the water/rock complex: porosities, permeability. It allows to acquire the essential notions of underground hydrodynamics in natural and artificial flow and elementary hydrochemistry of groundwater.

The acquisition of knowledge is facilitated by the practical application of the course during practical sessions on a column (measurement of porosity and permeability, establishment of Darcy's law, salt tracing) and in-class tutorials (resolution of common hydrogeological problems based on the reading of piezometric and hydrogeological maps - construction and interpretation of piezometric maps - interpretation of well and water table tests - meaning of physico-chemical analyses of water)

A field day illustrates the relationship between geological structure and hydrodynamic functioning and provides an introduction to drilling measurement techniques.

Hourly volumes :

• CM: 13h
• TD: 14h
• TP: 12 hours
• Field :6h

See full page

This course is structured around four chapters in order to introduce new concepts in mathematics, necessary for the learning of Earth and Environmental Sciences.

-Chapter 1 Taylor and DL :Examples and operations

- Chapter 2: Differential equations: modelling, equations with separable variables, reminders of^1st order, 2nd order with constant coefficients

- Chapter 3: Functions of several variables : Partial function, contour lines, partial derivation, composition, higher order derivatives, example: seismic wave, gradient, divergence, rotational, Laplacian (transition to other coordinate systems), extrema

- Chapter 4: Statistical concepts and interpolation: mean and standard deviation, comparison of means, least squares, Lagrange interpolation

Hourly volume :

- CM: 18h

- TD: 18h

- Practical work: 9 hours

See full page

The aim of this course is to introduce the concepts and tools for observing and describing magmatic and metamorphic rocks, to understand their genesis and to appreciate their importance in the Geosciences.

The course will begin with an introduction to the concepts of mineralogy (crystallography, crystallochemistry) and the tools needed to identify the constituent minerals of magmatic and metamorphic rocks, both at the macroscopic and microscopic scales.

The different types of magmatic and metamorphic rocks will then be explained and placed in the geodynamic contexts in which they were formed.

Two field trips in the Montpellier region will be proposed to illustrate and complete the lessons: the first trip will be devoted to the volcanism of the Hérault valley (from Agde to Salagou), the second will be in the magmatic and metamorphic domain in the Cévennes.

See full page

See full page

See full page

The lectures will cover cartography (projection system, reference frame for heights, positioning), imagery (aerial, satellite, digital encoding, DTM), field measurements (positioning, dip of a stratum), construction of a geological section and a stratigraphic log and Geographic Information Systems (GIS, georeferencing, QGIS software).

The TD will apply the notions of the course (reading and interpretation of satellite images, geological section). The practical work will be devoted to the establishment of the map of the northern region of the Pic St Loup, by reading and interpreting satellite images, then checking this interpretation and taking measurements in the field and finally returning to GIS to finalise the work.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 6h

TD: 6h

TP: 12 hours

Field: 12 hours

See full page

• Thermodynamic reminders of chemical equilibria in solution, the law of mass action and the principle of an equilibrium shift assay
• Application to equilibria :
  • Acid-base: Acids and bases, Calculating the pH of aqueous solutions, Titrations
  • complexation: prediction of reactions, predominance range of species, influence of pH
  • precipitation: stability/solubility of solids, influence of pH
  • redox: reminders and definitions, electrochemical cells, electrode potentials, prediction of the evolution of redox reactions
• Analytical techniques used in environmental chemistry, with applications to the determination of physicochemical parameters of water quality:

• Electrochemical techniques,
• Spectrophotometric techniques
• Chromatographic techniques

Hourly volumes:

CM: 13H

TD: 12 H

PRACTICAL WORK: 20H

See full page

The course will expose the different episodes of geology in France from the Paleozoic to the present and will place these events in their geodynamic context. We will deal with sedimentary, tectonic, geomorphic, metamorphic and magmatic evolution. More precisely, we will deal with the structure and geological evolution of the Hercynian massifs, the Mesozoic basins, the Pyrenean-Alpine orogeny and finally the Western European rift. To delimit these large geological objects, the course will integrate various data such as geological maps, paleogeographical maps, sections, rock facies, geochronological ages, ECORS profiles, magnetic and gravimetric anomaly maps, etc. The geological evolution of the Languedoc region from the Hercynian orogeny to the opening of the Mediterranean Sea will be particularly documented and developed during practical work and field trips.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 15h

Practical work: 9 hours

Field: 12 hours

See full page

• Physics and dynamics of the atmosphere (composition and structure, radiation balance, theoretical circulation, depressions/anticyclones, fronts, jets, tornadoes)
• Physics and dynamics of the ocean (composition and structure, main forces, simplified equations, geostrophic current, Ekman drift, eddies, astronomical tides)
• General ocean circulation (Munk model, main currents, Mediterranean, North Atlantic, Conveyor Belt)
• Waves and swell, vocabulary and overview, first order theory
• Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions (heat/moisture/CO2 exchange, Monsoon, El Niño)

• Hourly volumes* :

  CM: 21

  TD: 24

See full page

See full page

See full page

- Hydrostatics (Fundamental Principle of Hydrostatics, notion of buoyant force, Archimedes' theorem)

- Fluid kinematics (streamline, trajectory, emission line, flow rate, Reynolds number, laminar, turbulent flow)

- Hydrodynamics of perfect fluids (conservation of mass, conservation of energy with Bernouilli's theorem, case study: Mariotte vessel, emptying of a tank, Pitot tube, Venturi)

- Real fluid hydrodynamics (origin of pressure losses and estimation of linear and singular pressure losses, generalized Bernouilli theorem with pressure losses)

- Hydraulic machines (pump operation, H(Q) characteristics, operating point)

- Free surface hydraulics (hydraulic characteristics, Manning Strickler formula, weir formula, rating curves)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 10 hours

TD: 10 hours

TP: 16 hours

See full page

See full page

The aim of this course is to introduce the concept of chemical element properties, geochemical classification and distribution of major and trace elements in minerals, rocks and fluids. We will address the notion of compatible and incompatible elements, partition coefficients, geochemical equilibria and fractionations, and mobility of elements. The geochemistry of major and trace elements will be studied to understand magmatic processes (partial melting, fractional crystallisation) and surface processes (water and matter transfers and fluxes; alteration and water-rock interactions). Radiochronology and geochemistry of radiogenic and stable isotopes will also be addressed to identify the different reservoirs within the Earth, to date rocks and fluids (surface and deep) and to study geochemical transfers between the different reservoirs (asthenosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere). The stable isotopes of O and C will be studied more specifically in order to characterise the origin of atmospheric fluxes and to trace the various processes involved in the water cycle at the scale of hydrosystems. Dissolved and particulate geochemical flux balances in hydrosystems will be addressed in order to understand the dynamics of global terrestrial surface cycles.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 20

TD: 22

TP: 3

See full page

See full page

See full page

The aim of the lectures is to present the basic notions to describe, classify and characterise soils: their different constituents (minerals, clays, organic matter, living organisms), their physical properties (granulometry, texture, structure), chemical properties (clay-humus complex, CEC, oxidation-reduction), and biological properties (horizons and humus, root system, plant nutrition, role of bacteria, C/N ratio, pedofauna) We will study the factors of soil formation (climate, bedrock, living organisms, relief, time), the different processes of soil formation and evolution (alteration, humification, leaching, podzolisation, pedoturbation, ferrallitisation,...), the major soil classification systems, and the distribution of soils in the world This scientific foundation will allow us to address current social issues concerning soils in the TD: their degradation (erosion, pollution, artificialization, compaction, etc.) and their restoration (depollution, phytoremediation, agroecology).

The field trip will allow to put into practice the notions seen in class.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 12h

TD: 9 hours

Field: 6h

See full page

The aim of this course is to synthesise the notions and knowledge acquired in L1 and L2 (stratigraphy, sedimentology and life history) and to reinforce them with notions of sedimentology, biostratigraphy and anatomy. Together, these concepts provide the keys to surface geology for analysing and reconstructing ancient depositional environments and interpreting their fossiliferous content in a temporal context.

Hourly volume :

CM: 6H

TP: 12H

TD: 3H

LAND: 6H

See full page

This course provides the necessary basis for understanding the transfer processes that act on the outer shell of our planet. The aim is to learn how to decipher the imprint of these processes through the study of sedimentary rocks.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 15h

TD: 3h

TP: 12 hours

Field: 6h

See full page

See full page

This course aims to describe, from relevant tectonic observations at different scales, the functioning of major tectonic systems: folded systems, thrusting, large normal faults, ductile shear zones, unstuck domains, extensive domains, more complex domains. Particular attention will be paid to regional case studies (France, USA, Tibet-Himalaya)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 9 hours

TP: 12 hours

Field :6h

See full page

In the first part of this course, we will discuss the genesis and evolution of magmas from a petrological (microscopic observations of rocks and minerals, phase equilibrium) and geochemical (major, trace and isotopic element composition of minerals and rocks) point of view in different geodynamic contexts: oceanic ripples, hot spots and subduction zones.

In the second part of this course, we will introduce the main variables and the different geodynamic contexts of metamorphism. You will learn to recognise mineral reactions and to interpret them with the geometrical rules of chemiography. We will discuss the notion of metastability and the influence of rock chemistry on metamorphic evolution.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 9

TP: 18

See full page

This course aims to illustrate, through the study of the rocks of the Maures massif, the fundamental notions exposed in the course of magmatic and metamorphic petrology, and to apply the techniques of characterization of deep crustal deformed rocks. In the field, particular attention will be paid to (1) textural and mineralogical description leading to the identification of rocks; (2) characterisation of the source and type of magmatism; (3) identification of protoliths and characterisation of the degree of metamorphism; and (4) recognition of structural objects and analysis of the deformation.

A geological cross-section will be drawn through a varied set of rocks, ranging from surface detrital deposits to the base of the lower crust. The Variscan geological history of the Maures massif will be completed by the study of Permian volcanism in the neighbouring Esterel massif.

Hourly volume:

Field: 27h

See full page

The first sessions are devoted to reminders of the mathematical tools that will be used in the module. The teaching then consists of three parts: geothermal energy, gravimetry and geomagnetism. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches. Particular attention is paid during practical work to the measurement and estimation of errors.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 15

TD: 30

TP: 9

See full page

This UE consists in carrying out a project on a theme of Earth, Water and Environmental Sciences. The themes will be defined by the L3 teaching staff and will consist of dealing with scientific problems using data acquired in the laboratory and/or in the field. The subjects will be dealt with by groups of 2 to 3 students and will be supervised by tutors throughout the year of L3 within the framework of 2 complementary courses:

- The TEE 1 project in S5 will focus on bibliographic research activities related to the subject and the acquisition of tools to write a scientific report and make an oral presentation.

- The TEE 2 project in S6 will be more devoted to the processing of experimental/analytical data, the criticism of the results obtained and their interpretation. The final output of the study will be a final report and an oral presentation to a jury.

This project unit, which is spread over the two semesters of the L3 TEE, will provide students with an initial opportunity to work independently, which they can then transfer to their Master's course or directly to the professional world, depending on their professional project.

See full page

The course will cover the following topics:

• mineral resource issues in the global context,
• the main types of metal deposits, their formation process and mining,
• The environmental impacts of mining.

The aim of the practical work will be to become familiar with the main metalliferous minerals (macroscopic observations and use of metallographic microscopes).

A field day will complete the training by studying examples of metal deposits.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 9h

TP: 12 hours

Field: 6h

See full page

This UE consists in carrying out a project on a theme of Earth, Water and Environmental Sciences. The themes will be defined by the L3 teaching staff and will consist of dealing with scientific problems using data acquired in the laboratory and/or in the field. The subjects will be dealt with by groups of 2 to 3 students and will be supervised by tutors throughout the year of L3 within the framework of 2 complementary courses:

- The TEE 1 project in S5 will focus on bibliographic research activities related to the subject and the acquisition of tools to write a scientific report and make an oral presentation.

- The TEE 2 project in S6 will be more devoted to the processing of experimental/analytical data, the criticism of the results obtained and their interpretation. The final output of the study will be a final report and an oral presentation to a jury.

This project unit, which is spread over the two semesters of the L3 TEE, will provide students with an initial opportunity to work independently, which they can then transfer to their Master's course or directly to the professional world, depending on their professional project.

See full page

This course aims to integrate the knowledge (geological and in terms of analysis tools) acquired up to the 5th semester of the degree and to apply it to the discovery of the architecture of the subsoil and the dynamics of the fluids it contains. It is structured around five axes: 

Introduction of near-surface reconnaissance and characterization techniques applied to reservoirs (surface and well geophysics, hydrogeological measurements, sediment core studies);

- Application to a concrete case study: an aquifer in the Languedoc coastal zone;

- Acquisition of part of the data on an experimental site through dedicated measurement workshops (field);

- Processing, analysis and interpretation of data acquired with dedicated software and of additional data from laboratory measurements;

- Synthesis and report/poster writing.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 6h

TD: 6h

TP: 18 hours

Field: 12 hours

See full page

See full page

See full page

- Hydrostatics (Fundamental Principle of Hydrostatics, notion of buoyant force, Archimedes' theorem)

- Fluid kinematics (streamline, trajectory, emission line, flow rate, Reynolds number, laminar, turbulent flow)

- Hydrodynamics of perfect fluids (conservation of mass, conservation of energy with Bernouilli's theorem, case study: Mariotte vessel, emptying of a tank, Pitot tube, Venturi)

- Real fluid hydrodynamics (origin of pressure losses and estimation of linear and singular pressure losses, generalized Bernouilli theorem with pressure losses)

- Hydraulic machines (pump operation, H(Q) characteristics, operating point)

- Free surface hydraulics (hydraulic characteristics, Manning Strickler formula, weir formula, rating curves)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 10 hours

TD: 10 hours

TP: 16 hours

See full page

This course will focus on the following concepts:

1) The catchment area (definition, geometric, geological, physiographic characteristics, hydrological behaviour)

2) Precipitation (Definition of precipitation, concept of showers and intensity, spatial analysis of point measurement (Thiessen, isohets), temporal analysis of point measurement (return period, Montana)

3) Evapotranspiration (interception, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, Turk's formulas, Thornthwaite)

4) Infiltration (definition of infiltration capacity, characteristics of the unsaturated zone, concepts of water content, hydraulic conductivity at saturation, water potential, balance of forces and state of water in the soil, factors influencing infiltration and water profiles, Horton's law)

5) Runoff (formation of surface runoff, runoff coefficient, subsurface runoff, table-river relationship, decomposition of flood hydrographs)

6) The water balance (the water cycle and the water balance at different spatial and temporal scales)

7) Hydrometry (measurement principle and technique + field)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 12 hours

TD: 12 hours

Practical work: 6h

Field :6h

See full page

The Earth system is often described as an association of superimposed envelopes, from the central seed to the most discrete areas at the edge of space. It can also be thought of as a system where rocks, water, air and life coexist. The Earth system is first and foremost a whole, whose components are largely interconnected on all scales of time and space.

The Earth-Environment module is part of the exploration of the couplings between the main components of the Earth system, namely the solid earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere. It aims to describe and explain some of the most striking interactions, and to show to what extent these complex processes and couplings control our entire environment, including our daily lives, our safety (natural hazards and disasters) and the prospects for human survival on Earth.

Hourly volume :

CM: 30  

TD: 30   

TP: 12

That is to say a student face-to-face volume of 72 hours. That is to say 48 blocks of 1.5 hours of teaching (20 blocks of lectures, 20 blocks of lectures and 8 blocks of practical work)

The module is organised in the form of a short introductory lecture to the module followed by the following three thematic blocks which follow each other in the module timetable:

1. Internal earth
2. External earth and geological hazards
3. Outer Earth, hydrosphere and risks

See full page

The Geodynamics EU articulates the presentation, study and characterisation of the major processes associated with solid Earth geodynamics: mantle dynamics, plate tectonics, plate boundaries (rifts, subductions, collisions, ocean expansion) and intraplate domains. These systems and processes are studied through natural examples at the scale of the crust and the lithosphere, with emphasis on the integration of the different data and tools used in the Earth sciences (geophysics, geochemistry, structural geology, rock mechanics, petrology, etc.) NB: the hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere are not covered.

The lectures are combined with tutorials focusing on the analysis and synthesis of documents in order to characterise geodynamic processes, using the concepts covered in geosciences since S1.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 15 h

TD: 21 h

See full page

We will study the main external and internal processes involved in shaping landforms:

• Weathering process
• Wind processes and landscapes
• River processes and river landscapes
• Glacial and periglacial processes and landscapes
• Tectonic and structural geomorphology
• Slope process
• Karst pattern

Hourly volume :

CM: 21h

Practical work: 9h x 2 groups

Field: 6h x 3 groups

See full page

This course is primarily a geological mapping field course, built in two parts:

1 - A 2-day pre-learning field trip in the northern Montpellier region. Introduction to field mapping methods (measurement, transfer) and to the survey of structural and sedimentary sections in the St Martin de Londres basin. Students are supervised in the field in small groups of 10, using project-based teaching (complementary work) and group teaching in the field (dialogue, interaction) led by a teacher who guides them in questioning, locating and reporting cartographic data.

2 - A deepening of the learning process through an 8-day long field placement in the Alps (Digne region). With the help of project-based and inverted pedagogy (autonomous work alternated with supervised days, i.e. rotation of small groups), students learn to map in a high relief region where the rocks are very deformed, and field observation and spatial data are very complementary. The total immersion of the fieldwork allows for supervised work and monitoring of the student's daily work.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 2 h (introduction of basic concepts)

TD: 10 h (3 h of GIS, 7 h of image analysis, and construction of sections)

Fieldwork: 60 hours (12 hours in St Martin, 48 hours in Digne)

See full page

The different treatment methods will be presented as well as the associated processes (physicochemical, biological, free culture, fixed culture). In terms of biological treatment of effluents, the elimination of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus will be discussed. The principles of the dimensioning of the processes and dies will also be approached. The course will follow the following plan:

1. Effluent characterisation and treatment principle
2. Which treatment method to choose according to the constraints
3. Pre-treatment sizing
4. Sizing of secondary treatments
5. Sizing of tertiary treatments

Hourly volumes:

CM: 15

TD: 12

TP: 12

Field: 6 (2 groups)

See full page

This course trains students in microbial identification and water analysis and is structured around 4 axes:

• The microbial world: bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses.
• Microbial metabolism: metabolic types, nutrition, environmental influences.
• Microbial ecology of the natural environment: interactions of microorganisms with their environment.
• Microbiological control of water: principles, regulations, techniques

Hourly volumes :

CM: 18

TD: 27

See full page

The aim of the lectures is to present the basic notions to describe, classify and characterise soils: their different constituents (minerals, clays, organic matter, living organisms), their physical properties (granulometry, texture, structure), chemical properties (clay-humus complex, CEC, oxidation-reduction), and biological properties (horizons and humus, root system, plant nutrition, role of bacteria, C/N ratio, pedofauna) We will study the factors of soil formation (climate, bedrock, living organisms, relief, time), the different processes of soil formation and evolution (alteration, humification, leaching, podzolisation, pedoturbation, ferrallitisation,...), the major soil classification systems, and the distribution of soils in the world This scientific foundation will allow us to address current social issues concerning soils in the TD: their degradation (erosion, pollution, artificialization, compaction, etc.) and their restoration (depollution, phytoremediation, agroecology).

The field trip will allow to put into practice the notions seen in class.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 12h

TD: 9 hours

Field: 6h

See full page

This course aims to help students integrate a methodology of investigation in order to gather the information necessary for the search for an internship or a job. The teaching is structured around 5 axes:

• Define your Professional Project (PP): which professional fields and sectors, which employers, which professions? Knowing the job market: sector, qualifications, players (NACE sheet) - Job sheets (ROME) and (professional) skills
• Carrying out a Competence Assessment (CA) (already acquired and to be acquired for one's CP): know-how
• Carrying out a self-assessment on life skills
• Making a CV and LM
• Job interview preparation (role play on real job offers)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 4.5

TD: 4.5

TP: 9

See full page

4 to 6 month internship in a company, design office or laboratory

- information on how to find an internship (information on companies, their fields of activity and contact persons), help in preparing a Curriculum Vitae and a covering letter (personalised corrections)

- information on how to contact companies and get an interview.

- integration of the student in the company/design office/laboratory

See full page

The areas covered are:

- Sources and consequences of chemical pollution of natural waters.

- Chemical criteria for assessing pollutants: COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, Kjedahl nitrogen, total phosphorus....

- Chemical treatments (purification by chemical oxidation, coagulation, flocculation) and physico-chemical treatments (membranes, activated carbons, etc.),

- Specific treatments: ion exchange resins, solvent extraction, electrochemical methods.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 15h

TD: 7.5h

Practical work: 22.5 hours

See full page

Without pretending to give an exhaustive list of the laws on the regulatory framework in which waste (municipal and industrial) and the "water resource" are managed, this module aims to expose the spirit of these laws and the philosophy from which they have been thought out. Part of the EU will be devoted to identifying the actors in water and waste treatment and the links between them.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 13

TD: 14

See full page

This course deals with the management of solid wastes and by-products, whether they come from the industrial environment or from communities. The course outline is as follows:

1. Collection and characterisation of waste
2. Treatment strategy
3. Recycling and recovery
4. Landfill
5. Heat treatments
6. Biological treatments (methanisation, composting)
7. Radioactive waste management

Hourly volumes :

CM: 21

TD: 12

Field: 12 (2 groups)

See full page

4 to 6 month internship in a company, design office or laboratory

- monitoring of students on placement

- notions necessary for writing a report and preparing an oral presentation.

See full page

This course will focus on the following concepts:

1) The catchment area (definition, geometric, geological, physiographic characteristics, hydrological behaviour)

2) Precipitation (Definition of precipitation, concept of showers and intensity, spatial analysis of point measurement (Thiessen, isohets), temporal analysis of point measurement (return period, Montana)

3) Evapotranspiration (interception, evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, Turk's formulas, Thornthwaite)

4) Infiltration (definition of infiltration capacity, characteristics of the unsaturated zone, concepts of water content, hydraulic conductivity at saturation, water potential, balance of forces and state of water in the soil, factors influencing infiltration and water profiles, Horton's law)

5) Runoff (formation of surface runoff, runoff coefficient, subsurface runoff, table-river relationship, decomposition of flood hydrographs)

6) The water balance (the water cycle and the water balance at different spatial and temporal scales)

7) Hydrometry (measurement principle and technique + field)

Hourly volumes :

CM: 12 hours

TD: 12 hours

Practical work: 6h

Field :6h

See full page

This course focuses on the management of by-products from wastewater treatment systems, organic by-products with a high recovery potential from economic activities (e.g. viticulture) or gaseous by-products produced by industrial systems. For wastewater treatment plant sludge, the aim is to integrate its management into the broader issue of the treatment (or production) process in order to reduce its source at the base or control its nature. The various recovery methods are then presented. The sizing of sludge treatment processes is discussed. The course outline is as follows:

1. Characterisation of water treatment by-products
2. Treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants
3. Management and organic valorisation of winegrowing by-products
4. Biogas recovery
5. Management and treatment of gaseous effluents

Hourly volumes :

CM: 21

TD: 12

Field: 12 (2 groups)

See full page

This course aims at presenting extensive wastewater treatment systems (lagooning, reed filters, etc.). Vegetated Discharge Zones will also be discussed.

This course will provide the tools to design extensive treatment systems.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 12

TD: 9

Land: 6

See full page

Objectives of the course: Comparative study of the major physiological functions in animals in relation to their environment. Study of structures and functions at various levels of integration, from the organism to the molecule.

Models addressed: mammals in comparison with other vertebrate (teleost....) and invertebrate (insects, crustaceans, molluscs,...) models.

Description: This course will cover some of the major physiological functions (respiration, nutrition, excretion and hydro-mineral regulation) as well as basic immunology and regulatory systems (nervous system and chemical communication). In addition to lectures, students will work in groups on various topics proposed by the teachers. They will present the topics in the form of lectures and synthesise the key points in the form of a written summary. There will also be practical work and a practical course to illustrate the lectures.

See full page

This course is the complementary practical application of the course Description of variability 1 (HAV312B).

The construction and analysis of data sets is carried out with the help of practical exercises in the R software that parallel the lectures, as well as obtaining graphs and numerical parameters to characterise the samples and their variability.

Competences targeted by the EU (see competence framework):

- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through biological pattern analysis

See full page

See full page

See full page

This course brings together three complementary and fundamental disciplines of the Earth Sciences: sedimentology, tectonics and cartography. The different types of sedimentary rocks will be taught in detail in order to interpret their formation context and associated processes. Ductile and brittle tectonic objects will also be discussed at different scales in order to establish their formation context, particularly in terms of stress regime. Practical work on samples will be carried out in parallel to allow students to develop their sense of observation and drawing and to take advantage of the rich collections available in the department. Finally, an introduction to reading and working with geological maps will be carried out (diagram, section), applying the notions of sedimentology and tectonics previously acquired. This course should enable students to define the main lines of the geological history of a given region.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 12
• TD: 3
• TP: 21

See full page

The EU is interested in describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organisational plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as in explaining their origin and their dynamics of appearance. It thus develops a vision of organisms based on palaeontology and zoology. It will mainly deal with the origin of metazoans and the main divisions that are diploblastic and triploblastic as well as basic notions relating to the positioning and phylogenetic relationships between taxa (mono- and paraphylly, evolutionary convergence...). It is classically divided into lectures, tutorials that will mainly aim to illustrate and support aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa and practical work in sessions aimed at acquiring skills, particularly and necessarily in dissection.

See full page

See full page

See full page

This course is an introduction to the general concepts of scientific ecology: levels of organisation, measurement and conservation of biodiversity, biogeography, biotic and abiotic factors of distribution and dynamics of biodiversity. It also provides an understanding of the methods used in scientific ecology: interest in experimentation, reflection on the construction of a protocol, data analysis, oral and written reports on an experiment

See full page

Description of the EU (max 10 lines):

This course aims to provide an understanding of how to measure variation in biology and how it can be represented. It is based on concrete examples taken from various disciplines in biology (ecology, developmental biology, evolution, genetics, physiology) and gives the statistical tools to measure this variation and the graphic methods to represent it. The statistical concepts of sampling, inference, distribution, central tendency, dispersion, distribution function, parameters, confidence intervals and dependence between variables for different types of variables (binomial, discrete, continuous) are explained with the help of practical exercises based on biological problems.

Competences targeted by the EU (see competence framework):

- Descriptive analytical tools in biology, introduction to biostatistics through biological pattern analysis

See full page

This course covers the theoretical notions of plant biology, using the Spermatophytes as a model. It aims to define the notions and specific vocabulary of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and biological cycles.

See full page

The objective of this course is to introduce the concepts and tools needed to observe and describe minerals and magmatic and metamorphic rocks and to understand their genesis. The course will begin with an introduction to the concepts of mineralogy (crystallography, crystallochemistry) and the tools needed to identify the constituent minerals of magmatic and metamorphic rocks. You will then study the structure and nature of the mantle as well as the processes involved from the formation of magmas to the eruption of magmatic rocks: partial melting processes, crystallisation, crustal assimilation, magmatic mixing. You will learn to distinguish the different magmatic series by their chemical composition and physical properties. The link between eruptive processes and volcanic hazards and risks will also be discussed. In a third part, we will introduce the main variables (pressure, temperature, time) and the different geodynamic contexts of metamorphism. We will look at the different metamorphic facies, structures and textures of metamorphic rocks, and you will learn to recognise mineral reactions and interpret them in terms of metamorphic evolution.

The coupled study of magmatic and metamorphic rocks will provide the basis for understanding the problems related to the geodynamics of the inner Earth, geochemical cycles, mineral resources, etc.

See full page

In this course, students will learn about the links between the genetic makeup of an individual and the development of its morphology, physiology, and lifestyle. The focus will be on understanding the links between the information carried by the genome and the life cycle of the organism under consideration, through the cellular characteristics corresponding to the expression of the genetic information. These data will be placed in an evolutionary framework and will shed light on some major evolutionary transitions, particularly in metazoans.

See full page

The EU deals with the different groups of plants ("algae", "cryptogams", spermatophytes), specifying for each of them their position and phylogenetic nature (mono- or paraphyletic group), their origin and their specificities on the morpho-anatomical, reproductive and ecological levels.

4 CMs present the different groups of plants: CM1, diversity of "algae"; CM2, biological cycles of "algae"; CM3, "cryptogams"; CM4, Spermatophytes.

6 TDs deal with transversal notions based on oral or written exercises: TD1, Biological cycles; TD2, Endosymbiosis; TD3, Interactions; TD4, Adaptation; TD5, Polyploidy; TD6, Phylogeny.

6 practical exercises illustrate the concepts covered in the lectures and practical exercises with living material: TP1, "algae "1 ; TP2, "algae "2 ; TP3, "bryophytes" ; TP4, "pteridophytes" ; TP5, Gymnosperms, vegetative apparatus ; TP6, Gymnosperms, reproduction.

See full page

The course is an extension of the L2 S3 course, which focuses on describing the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the major organismal plans of metazoans found in present and past faunas, as well as explaining their origin and dynamics of appearance through the acquisition of skills in palaeontology and zoology. In S4, the course will mainly explore the major subdivisions within the protostomian organisms that are the lophotrochozoa (molluscan annelids, brachiopods,...) and the ecdysozoa (arthropods, nematodes,...), while underlining their phylogenetic relationships as well as their importance or socio-economic impacts. The course is classically divided into lectures, tutorials, which will mainly aim at illustrating and supporting aspects related to the biodiversity of taxa, and practical work in sessions aiming at the acquisition of skills, in particular and necessarily through the performance of some dissections.

See full page

See full page

The objective of this course is to understand evolutionary processes at both micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.

Using examples, manipulations and accessible modelling, the lessons will aim to present in a concrete and quantitative way the effects of the 4 evolutionary forces operating at the scale of individuals and populations (mutation, migration, selection and drift). The integration of these micro-evolutionary processes at larger time scales (e.g. differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to the tools of phylogeny (reading and construction of trees) allowing the study of macro-evolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and the tracing of changes in character states, notably by integrating fossil data.

See full page

This course is the natural continuation of the course "Description of variability" presented in S3. It aims to provide the concepts and methods on which modern biostatistics is based, namely the quantification of randomness, which is an omnipresent issue in the life sciences. The teaching will be composed of a first part devoted to the properties of continuous random variables and to the pivotal role played by the normal distribution, towards which those of the arithmetic means converge. This part will be the occasion to approach the notion of fluctuation, of confidence interval and to introduce the laws involved in the current hypothesis tests (Student, χ2, Fisher), which will be seen during the second part. The latter will be an introduction to inferential statistics: parametric and non-parametric tests, linear regression, analysis of variance. Particular attention will be paid to the conditions of application of these methods as well as to the notions of type I and type II errors, power and replication. Each notion will be illustrated with analyses of real and diversified biological data, contributing to the biostatistical culture useful to form a critical mind towards scientific results. Practical work in R will allow, in addition to a training to this reference language and to the statistical tools which are implemented there, to discover empirically the properties which will be seen in course (1st part) and the application of the methods presented (2nd part).

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

Genesis, nature and fate of deposits in sedimentary basins.

Cycle of 15 courses / lectures / debates and TP/TD

Content of the integrated lectures / practical / practical work, (sedimentary basins, alteration of continents,

(e.g. sediment transport, detrital and carbonate environments, factors affecting sedimentation: sequence stratigraphy, diagenesis)

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

The EU is organised into five main themes:

Theme 1: Gene mapping and recombination. Molecular biology concepts related to gene expression, DNA repair and epigenetic processes.

Thème 2 : Introduction à l’évolution moléculaire : Mesure de l’intensité de la sélection dans la divergence génétique. Horloge moléculaire et variation des taux d’évolution crée par l’action de la selection naturelle. Théorie neutraliste de l’évolution.

Thème 3: Introduction à la génomique : composition et taille des génomes. Importance des éléments répétées. Notion de liaison génétique et d’effet local de la sélection. Influence de la démographie.

Thème 4 : Outils moléculaires pour la biodiversité : Barcoding, eDNA, metabarcoding. Taxonomie moléculaire. Les limites liés à l’hybridation. Les applications en conservation.

Thème 5 : Hérédité extranucléaire. Symbiose, parasitisme et co-evolution (intra-cellulaire : p.ex. Wolbachia). Notion de phénotype étendue.

See full page

L’objectif majeur consiste à apprendre les bases de l’anatomie comparée des chordés, de manière à pouvoir les comparer et les classer, avant d’en retracer les étapes-clés de l’histoire évolutive. Les enseignements sont intégratifs en ce sens qu’ils font appel à la fois aux organismes actuels et au registre fossile, de manière à documenter l’histoire évolutive du clade dans son intégralité et sous tous ses aspects. Les approches anatomiques, biomécaniques, phylogénétiques, et écomorphologiques seront abordés en CM afin d’illustrer la diversité et les grandes caractéristiques des chordés. Les TPs (et TDs) permettront d’illustrer l’évolution de la diversité des téguments, du squelette, de la musculature, du système digestif et respiratoire sur de longues échelles de temps.

See full page

Cette UE prolonge l'UE Base de l'évolution pour introduire les principaux concepts en écologie évolutive afin de comprendre et formaliser de façon simple les mécanismes évolutifs et écologiques qui façonnent la biodiversité à différentes échelles d'intégration.

Cette UE est conçue comme un ensemble cohérent où cours, TD et TP sont complémentaires. Les notions sont abordées par l’exemple puis formalisées à l’aide de modèles mathématiques, lesquels sont confrontés à l’expérience et à des données réelles.

Elle traitera de dynamique des populations (compétition intra- et interspécifique), de niche écologique et détaillera les mécanismes de l'évolution et leurs conséquences génétiques à l'échelle des populations: sélection naturelle (dont sélection sexuelle), influence des régimes de reproduction, dérive génétique. Les TD permettront aux étudiants de s'approprier la formalisation mathématique de notions vues en cours et leur modélisation informatique simple ainsi que des analyses de jeux de données. Les TP permettront la réalisation et l'analyse en groupes restreints de 2 expériences d'1 mois chacune (avec rédaction d'un rapport et présentation à l'oral) afin de développer la méthodologie et le raisonnement scientifique.

See full page

See full page

See full page

- différence météo/climat

- structure de l’atmosphère, bilan radiatif, effet de serre, circulation des vents, dépressions/anticyclones, cyclones tropicaux, tornades

- circulation océanique générale (Munk, courants principaux,  Conveyor Belt)

-  distribution géographique et définition des climats

- changement climatique actuel

- cycle de l'eau global, bilan hydrologique, bilan hydrique, bilan d'énergie au-dessus d'une parcelle cultivée pour estimer l'évapotranspiration

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

See full page

L’UE a pour objectif de proposer un panorama de la diversité des Angiospermes, approchée à la fois au travers du prisme des phylogénies les plus récentes proposées par l’Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Cette trame phylogénétique sera étayée tout au long de l’UE par l’observation concrète des caractères végétatifs et floraux d’une sélection de taxons répartis sur l’ensemble de la phylogénie, de façon à dégager les synapomorphies des principaux clades, les éventuelles homoplasies, ainsi que les adaptations (biologie florale, pollinisation, interactions trophiques, etc.)

Les étudiants appréhendent également la diversité des Angiospermes sous l’angle floristique, par la réalisation d’un herbier d’espèces en général méditerranéennes. Ils se familiarisent à cette occasion avec l’utilisation d’une flore et des outils numériques d’aide à la détermination (Pl@ntNet e-Flore de Tela Botanica, etc.).

See full page