CHOICE 1

The aim of these lectures is to introduce the basic concepts needed to describe, classify and characterize soils: their various constituents (minerals, clays, organic matter, living organisms), their physical properties (granulometry, texture, structure), chemical properties (clay-humus complex, CEC, redox), and biological properties (horizons and humus, root systems, plant nutrition, role of bacteria, C/N ratio, peda-fauna). We will study the factors involved in soil formation (climate, bedrock, living organisms, relief, weather), the different processes involved in soil formation and evolution (weathering, humification, leaching, podzolization, pedoturbation, ferrallitization, etc.), the major soil classification systems, and the distribution of soils around the world. This scientific foundation will enable us to address current social issues concerning soils in TD: their degradation (erosion, pollution, artificialization, compaction, etc.) and their restoration (depollution, phytoremediation, agroecology).

The field trip will enable you to put into practice the concepts learned in class.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 12h

TD: 9h

Field : 6h

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The aim of this course is to synthesize the concepts and knowledge acquired in L1 and L2 (stratigraphy, sedimentology and life history) and to reinforce them with notions of sedimentology, biostratigraphy and anatomy. Taken together, these concepts provide the keys to surface geology for analyzing and reconstructing ancient depositional environments and interpreting their fossiliferous content in a temporal context.

Hourly volume :

CM: 6H

PRACTICAL WORK: 12H

TD : 3H

LAND : 6H

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