Structural Geology

This course introduces the fundamentals of structural geology at the bachelor’s degree level. The course will focus on the analysis of various deformation features and processes present at all levels of the Earth’s crust. Rock deformation will be studied using field examples (photographs and geological maps), samples, thin sections, and experiments. The main topics covered will be the analysis of deformation processes (brittle and ductile), as well as the associated structural features. The interpretation of these structures will be addressed in terms of tectonic regimes. Techniques for structural measurements and stereographic projections of features encountered in the field will be taught. Structural analysis will range from the small scale under a microscope to the large scale through the study of 1:^50,000 geological maps and satellite images of deformed regions.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 6 a.m.
• TD: 6:00 a.m.
• Practical training: 6 hours

This course aims to provide students with a foundation in structural geology, practical skills, and proficiency in the use of tools for collecting, processing, and interpreting field data. Students will learn how to analyze naturally deformed features at all scales and how to characterize a deformation regime based on natural field data.

• HAT102T Geology
• HAV213T Earth's Evolution and Regional Geological History

Recommended prerequisites:

• HAT202T Earth Dynamics and Experimentation

100% Continuous Assessment: 5 grades from lectures, seminars, and lab sessions.

Brief description of the concepts covered in fourth grade:

• Stereographic projection techniques: theory, notation systems, transfer techniques: examples of planes and lines.
• Analysis and Interpretation of Tectonic Features and Processes (Part 1): Brittle Deformation
• Analysis and Interpretation of Tectonic Features and Processes (Part 2): Ductile Deformation
• The micro-mechanisms of deformation: cataclastically flow, dynamic recrystallization, and diffusion. Shear criteria.

Summary description of the tutorial sessions and the number of hours associated with each session

• Stereo Maps 1/2: Objects and Axes of Principal Stresses—Brittle Deformation: stylolites, tension cracks, faults, and striations. Tilting (rotation) of layers. Links to the tectonic regime. 1 hour 30 minutes.
• Stereo Projections 2/2: Objects and Axes of Principal Deformation—Ductile Deformation: Schistosity and Lineation; Superposition and Crenulation; Folds, Axes, and Axial Planes; Tilting of Fold Flanks Around the Fold Axis. 1 hour 30 minutes.
• Geological map of Lavelanet or Mas-d'Azil: cross-section based on map excerpts. 3h.

Brief descriptions of the lab sessions and the number of hours associated with each session

• Taking measurements on campus, determining positions, and plotting data on a map; first use of a compass and a clinometer. 1 hour 30 minutes (Homework => Stereographic projections).
• Microoptics: 4 thin sections of deformed rocks to examine (3 granites: deformation at BT, MT, and HT, plus 1 mica schist) => annotated drawings of two thin sections, plus explanations. 1 hour 30 minutes.
• Geological maps of Ornans or Pontarlier: structural diagram and cross-section. 3 hours.

No land

• To understand the mechanisms of crustal rock deformation at all depths.
• Be able to identify, analyze, and interpret a geological structure in the field, on a map, or under a microscope.
• Be able to measure structural objects in 3D and master stereographic projection techniques (conversion to 2D).
• Master the techniques for reading and analyzing geological maps.