Separative chemistry, materials and processes (MAT P2)

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This course of solution chemistry aims at introducing the different concepts necessary to the study of complex liquid mixtures used in separative chemistry. The proposed approach is mainly thermodynamic. We explain in particular the role of concentration effects, beyond the ideal laws valid only for dilute solutions.

CM : 12 H

TD : 8 H

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This lecture, entirely provided in English, gives a basic introduction into crystallography and electron diffraction for beginners. X-ray diffraction is an important characterization technique in modern chemistry the majority of crystalline structures in inorganic and organic solids have been solved by this method. It is therefore of importance for all students to have an understanding of its basic concepts and instrumentation. The course provides explanations and principles of X-ray diffraction together with the geometry and symmetry of X-ray patterns. Beside interaction principles of X-rays and matter, it treats how to obtain quantitative intensities for single crystal and powder diffraction patterns. It naturally includes the understanding of lattice planes and the reciprocal lattice concept together with the Ewald sphere construction. Further on it gives a basic understanding of the Fourier transform relation between the crystalline structure and the diffracted intensities as well as the reciprocal lattice concept.

Electron diffraction is a complementary technique to X-rays that provides information in terms of symmetry and geometry on the materials studied. In this course, we will therefore approach the description of the method for obtaining electron diffraction pattern and their interpretation. We will be able to obtain the lattice parameters, the reflection conditions as well as the groups of possible spaces.

This lecture serves also as the introductory part to the lecture Electron Microscopy and Crystallography II

CM :14

TD :6

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- Reminder of thermodynamics of single component systems.

- Basic notions of thermodynamics of multicomponent systems. Chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem relation, variance.

- Knowledge of thermal analysis techniques that allow the construction of binary/ternary diagrams: TGA, DTA and DSC

- Construction and interpretation of binary phase diagrams from thermodynamic quantities. Diagrams of Gibbs free enthalpy, pressure and temperature as a function of the composition of the binary mixture. Liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor, solid-liquid mixtures.

- Phase transformation: first and second order transitions, critical points. Examples.

- The supercritical state: definition, thermodynamic properties, most extensive industrial applications.

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, definitions of ternary eutectic, first and second order peritectic, isothermal section, study of cooling of alloys.

Hourly volumes* :

CM :13

TD :7

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This teaching unit covers the various basic elements that allow us to understand natural or artificial radioactivity phenomena. The aim is to introduce all the concepts related to the phenomena of parentage, natural radioactive families and their associated environmental consequences, dating methods, methods of production of radionuclides and their use in various fields as well as anthropic contributions. Various examples from industry, nuclear energy, radiochemistry, geochemistry and nuclear medicine will support the basic concepts discussed.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 12h

TD : 8h

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Polymers are all around us: we eat them, we wear them, we build extremely complex buildings from them. From mature technologies to the most innovative materials, polymers are a crucial building block to build the world of tomorrow. In this course, we will address several aspects such as the controlled synthesis of polymers and cross-linked materials, surface modification by polymers, some characterization tools adapted to polymers and finally a last part developing the latest advances involving polymers.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 13h

            TD : 7h

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A general approach of the aqueous solution chemistry of actinide elements will be developed through notions of thermodynamics and kinetics, redox potentials, hydrolysis and complexation. In order to support these notions, concrete examples from industry, recycling or environment will be discussed.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 11h

            TD : 9h

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The HAC720C module deals, in 5 main parts, with "advanced inorganic materials". The^1st part is dedicated to the generalities of inorganic materials and approaches the structure-properties relations; a particular attention is brought to the chemical bond, the real crystal, and the polycrystalline solid; the various classes of inorganic materials are described. The ^2nd part deals with ceramic materials (definitions and properties) and their synthesis (raw materials including clays, shaping, drying and debinding, sintering); a distinction is made between traditional ceramics and technical ceramics (synthesis routes for oxide and non-oxide ceramics). The^3rd part concerns glasses (classification and synthesis routes) and glass-ceramics (devitrification and soft chemistry); their properties and applications are also discussed. The^4th part is dedicated to metals: properties of metals and metallic alloys; metallic nanoparticles; and, catalytic materials. The ^5th part is dedicated to inorganic materials developed for energy; ceramics (oxides and non-oxides; nanostructured) and metal hydrides are described (properties and syntheses) through several examples and in the context of their applications (accumulators, hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide capture)

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 13h

TD : 7h

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This course allows the acquisition of basic knowledge and transversal skills in the field of colloids and interfaces, common to the different courses of the Master Chemistry (Chemistry of Materials, Separative Chemistry, Materials and Processes, ICAP Cosmetics Engineering, Chemistry of Biomolecules). It is also offered to international students entering the SFRI program at the University of Montpellier where the teaching is given in English. An introductory presentation on the basic notions and concepts will allow to discover and better understand the main physicochemical properties of colloidal dispersions, associative colloids, and macromolecular solutions, as well as the parameters and phenomena governing the stability in colloidal dispersions and mixed solution-colloid systems. Then, an interdisciplinary practical teaching based on the principle of the flipped classroom will be proposed to help students build and deepen their knowledge through an individual and collective analysis of the various applications of colloidal and interfacial phenomena and systems.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 7

TD : 13

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NMR:

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) in liquid phase is an essential spectroscopic method of analysis for the chemist, allowing in particular to determine the structure of small organic molecules or macromolecules in solution, the study of dynamic phenomena... The objective of this course is to understand the phenomena involved in this technique and to relate them to the various structural information accessible by this method. The aim is to be able to exploit the spectral data resulting from this analysis to elucidate the structure and stereochemistry of organic molecules or polymer structures, or to carry out reaction monitoring.

X-ray diffraction:

X-ray diffraction is a powerful and non-destructive technique for characterizing the crystal structure of materials, but it is also able to provide crystallographic and structural information such as lattice parameters and atomic positions. This includes all crystallized materials such as ceramics, materials for energy and information storage and transformation as well as organic molecules and metal complexes (interatomic distances and angles, stereochemistry (chirality, stereoisomerism...), intra and intermolecular bonds...). The objective of this course is an introduction to crystallography and diffraction, with the aim of understanding the operation and characteristics of an X-ray diffractometer, as well as the interpretation of diffraction patterns (structural analysis, lattice parameters).

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 10

            TD : 10

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This course will cover the fundamental concepts and practical tools related to chemometrics through : - statistical analysis of data ;

• laws of probability ;
• confidence interval estimation ;
• parametric and non-parametric tests.

An introduction to experimental design will be offered at the end of the module.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 7h

TD : 13h

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The program of this course focuses on the description of the principles and applications of the main methods for the structural characterization of solids, thin films, surfaces and interfaces, as well as several examples of applications in materials chemistry. It includes the following techniques.

• Introduction to solid state NMR (NMR signal, Interactions in solid state NMR, Magic angle rotation, NMR sequences, Cross polarization, Instrumentation, etc.)
• Electron microscopy: principle and application of scanning and transmission electron microscopies and correlated techniques (EDS microanalysis).
• Spectroscopic methods: Raman spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopies (XAS, XRF, etc.), Mössbauer spectrometry.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 10 h

            TD : 10 h

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This teaching unit is dedicated to the deepening of the bases of organic chemistry and coordination chemistry seen in L3 and to the acquisition of notions related to molecular engineering and molecular chemistry. The UE includes lectures and tutorials. The students will work before some lectures and tutorials with course documents provided so that the lectures and tutorials can allow them to be fully involved in the training, to understand the concepts presented and the skills to be acquired. The progression program and activities will be proposed. For those students who have not seen the basics of coordination chemistry and organic chemistry, the documents will be made available.

Coordination chemistry: The teaching will cover the different aspects of transition metal and lanthanide complexes, molecular materials (polynuclear complexes and coordination polymers with extended structures (MOFs, etc.)) and their properties and applications. Structural aspects, bonding description, properties, as well as stability and reactivity aspects will be discussed. Emphasis will be put on the complexation effect and on the stability of metal, lanthanide and actinide complexes with certain ligands for applications in the biomedical field (imaging and therapy), decontamination (nuclear field), etc. The electronic (relaxivity, magnetism) and optical (absorption, luminescence) properties of these complexes will be discussed and put in the context of applications in various fields, such as imaging, electronics, sensors, etc.

Organic Chemistry: The teaching is based on the knowledge acquired in the Bachelor's degree and will approach through a reasoned study the main reaction mechanisms of organic chemistry and will allow to give a common base to all the students of the Master Chemistry. The main processes (substitution, addition, elimination, transposition...) and their essential characteristics and applications to mechanistic sequences will be examined. This course should provide the student with general tools for the analysis of mechanisms (ionic, radical, concerted) in order to understand these mechanisms in their variety.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 13 H

TD : 7 H

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The professionalization project provides a link between the traditional practical work and the internship in a laboratory or company. It is carried out in the form of a tutored project consisting of putting the student in a professional situation through collaborative (group) work based on the realization of a project in response to a problem set by a company, community, association or academic. It is part of the core curriculum of the Chemistry Master's program and is carried out under the responsibility of a member of the teaching team (university or industry). Carried out throughout the semester, this project aims to relate and anchor the knowledge/know-how acquired in the framework of the Bachelor's degree and the beginning of the Master's degree through this professional situation. These situations will be directly linked to the Master's program chosen by the students. In addition to the disciplinary skills of chemistry, other relational, organizational and communication skills, intrinsically linked to project management, will also be acquired and will arm the students for their future professional life.

Answer a research problem: example of synthesis of new phosphorescent materials.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 5h

TD : 5h

Practical work : 40h

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This teaching unit covers the various aspects related to radiochemistry and indicator-scale chemistry. After having described the chemical properties of radioelements and discussed the scaling factors related to the use of radioelements/radionuclides at the indicator scale, the notions of microcomponent and macrocomponent will be discussed as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic consequences on the development of reactions. In a second step, the different radiochemical methods commonly used will be introduced: extraction and purification methods, use of radioactive cows, electro-deposition, syncrystallization or entrainment precipitation methods, isotopic labelling and dilution.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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An internship of 2 to 4 months must be carried out in a research laboratory or a company specialized in extractive or separative chemistry, recycling chemistry, radiochemistry, materials chemistry or process chemistry. Thus, students will have the opportunity to carry out this end-of-study internship in academic research laboratories or in industrial establishments. Subject to prior acceptance by the teaching staff (internship subject related to the Master's courses and adequate environment/means), the student may seek a host team in the academic environment in the institutes of the Chemistry Pole of the University of Montpellier, in academic laboratories outside the University of Montpellier (in France or abroad) or in the private sector (in France or abroad). 

This 2 to 4 month internship may begin at the beginning of May and will be preceded by the submission of a bibliographic report related to the internship topic and an oral defense before a jury.

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This teaching unit is mutualized for the MI students of the Master Chemistry: ICAP P1, ICAP P2, MAT P1, MAT P2, BM (semester S2). The following topics will be covered:

• The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and the Units of Measurement in Green Chemistry ;
• Synthesis strategies in sustainable chemistry;
• Alternative or eco-compatible solvents for synthesis and extraction;
• Non-conventional activation techniques and applications.

CM : 13

TD : 7 H

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In the first part of this teaching unit, a general approach to radiation-matter interactions will be developed by addressing the different interactions and the associated detection methods. A second part will develop all the notions of radioprotection through the effects of radiation on living matter as well as the means of protection adapted for man and the environment.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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The goal of this course is to enable students with a chemistry background to understand the fundamentals of process engineering.

The course consists on two main parts that are illustrated by the same process.

In the first part of the course, a drying process will be used to introduce the most common heat and mass transfer phenomena found in process engineering, from which the dimensionless numbers can be derived. In the second part, the thermodynamic properties of the air/water vapor mixtures will be used to derive basic dimensioning rules for the same drying process.

This course will be entirely taught in English.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 10

TD : 10

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Hybrid" materials are a new family of materials, associating organic ligands with inorganic entities, and are increasingly studied at both fundamental and application levels.

In this EU, two main categories of hybrid materials will be discussed:

• Coordination Networks and Metal-Organic Frameworks
• Organosilicon/carbon materials

CM : 10 h

TD : 10 h

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A general approach to containment materials will be developed during this course by addressing the desired properties of use, the different classes of containment matrices and the associated synthesis methods. The structure-properties relationships related to the containment of radionuclides and/or chemical toxic elements will also be described. The materials covered will be of the glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic type.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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A general approach to liquid-liquid extraction will be developed through thermodynamic and kinetic notions in order to understand the mechanisms responsible for extraction as well as the processes taking place at the liquid-liquid interface. Fundamental aspects of other types of extraction (liquid-solid, supercritical fluid, distillation) will also be discussed.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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In this teaching unit, a general approach to chemistry in non-aqueous solvents at high temperature will be developed through notions of chemical reactivity, physicochemical and thermochemical properties of oxides, salts or molten metals. Several case studies will be presented in connection with the fuel cycle or recycling chemistry.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This UE will address in small groups or in a personalized way the pedagogical tools and good practices related to communication and professional insertion, through :

• knowledge, skills, competencies, attitudes and motivations assessments;
• awareness of job search techniques;
• CV and cover letter writing;
• rules of oral and written communication;
• mock job interviews.

Situations directly related to the sectors of activity targeted by the students' courses will be proposed.

TP : 20h

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This teaching unit covers the different aspects of the current and future nuclear fuel cycle. It will successively cover the notions of the upstream part of the cycle (mineral resources, extraction and purification of uranium, isotopic enrichment), the passage of fuels through nuclear reactors and then the downstream part of the cycle (reprocessing of spent fuels, recycling of recoverable materials and remanufacturing of fuels, management of ultimate nuclear waste). This will be followed by several aspects of future nuclear fuel cycles, in particular the use of non-conventional resources, advanced separation concepts and the development of fourth generation reactors.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 15h

            TD : 5h

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A general approach to the coordination chemistry of the f-elements will be developed through the notions of atomistics, oxidation state and coordination polyhedron in order to highlight the specific characteristics of the f-elements. Direct comparisons will be made with the coordination chemistry of the transition elements and applications to nuclear chemistry will be discussed.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit deals with the notions necessary to understand the consequences of an irradiation on ceramic materials (fuels, specific containment matrices). In the case of nuclear fuel materials, it will analyze the degradation phenomena within the materials (point defects, extensive defects) as well as the associated consequences on the long-term behavior in storage conditions. In this context, the irradiation/leaching couplings will also be addressed.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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The program of this course is centered on an experimental approach of the basic knowledge related to radiochemistry, separative chemistry and conversion processes. This knowledge will be implemented through specific examples.

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A general approach of the supramolecular chemistry of the f elements will be developed through notions of molecular recognition, specific physicochemical properties of lanthanides and actinides and supramolecular materials.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit deals with different aspects related to the measurement of radionuclides in solution as well as the analytical strategy to be implemented in order to achieve a reliable measurement. All radiochemical techniques will be introduced, including isotopic labelling and dilution, separation and purification methods prior to radioactive measurement. An important part of this teaching unit will also deal with the choice of instrumental techniques according to the radionuclide considered, the expression of a counting result taking into account the measurement uncertainties as well as the statistical approach associated with nuclear counting.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This modeling course aims to introduce modern material modeling methods that can be used to study separative chemistry and complex media. The idea is to present the different scales of description used to describe chemistry, from molecular simulations to thermodynamic models such as those used in chemical engineering. A particular interest is shown for statistical thermodynamics which allows the link between these scales of description.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 12 H

TD : 8 H

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This teaching unit deals with various aspects related to the synthesis and remanufacturing of nuclear fuels. After a description of the different categories of nuclear fuels, the manufacturing processes used on an industrial scale will be discussed. The different methods of reprocessing (recycling), conversion and remanufacturing of fuels will be described. The constraints related to the optimization of new fuel materials for Generation III and IV reactors will be discussed, emphasizing the evolution of constraints on materials and their environment.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit covers the notions necessary to understand the dissolution or leaching/alteration of ceramic materials. In the case of nuclear fuel materials, the aim is to analyze the degradation phenomena under aggressive conditions representative of a recycling or reprocessing stage, but also those related to their alteration, under "softer" conditions, representative of a direct storage in deep geological formation.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This course covers the essential notions for understanding the upstream part of the nuclear power cycle and sheds light on the position of nuclear energy in the current energy mix. The concepts covered range from the extraction/concentration of uranium in conventional and non-conventional mines to the fabrication of nuclear fuel, with a focus on conversion and isotopic enrichment techniques.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This separative chemistry course aims to introduce the different concepts necessary to the study of separative chemistry. The idea is to present the role of the different interactions present in complex media and their role in separation. The experimental measurement of these different effects, their practical representation, as well as the link with interfacial phenomena are also discussed.

Hourly volumes* :

CM : 12 H

TD : 8 H

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This teaching unit deals with different aspects related to the synthesis, characterization and long-term behavior of glassy matrices. A first aspect concerning the methodology for studying the long-term behavior of glassy matrices under alteration conditions will be developed by specifying the initial characteristics of the materials, the key phenomena governing their behavior and the adapted predictive models. Then, the leaching and aging phenomena under irradiation of glassy materials will be discussed. These different notions will be supported by a case study on the long-term behavior of nuclear glasses.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit will address the different possible techniques for dismantling and decontaminating nuclear facilities. After having described the stakes and the operations related to the dismantling of the installations and then the available measurement tools (imagers, gamma spectrometers, ...), the available decontamination processes will be presented according to the nature of the objects to be decontaminated (traditional decontamination processes or by complex fluids). Several innovative techniques for decontamination of contaminated surfaces will be presented (classical decontamination processes, micellar solutions, gels, foams, supercritical fluids).

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit focuses on membrane separation processes and liquid-liquid extraction. The part on membrane separation processes will first deal with classical liquid phase separation processes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ...) and gas treatment. The more innovative processes such as contactors and membrane reactors will be treated in a second part. The part on liquid-liquid extraction processes will first of all give some generalities allowing to understand the PUREX process set up for the reprocessing of spent fuel. A last part will deal with the modelling methods of liquid-liquid extraction operations.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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This teaching unit aims to better understand the chemical behavior of radionuclides under environmental conditions. To this end, the notion of speciation in different environmental compartments will be introduced, as well as the different techniques allowing to contribute to the global analysis. A focus will be put on X-ray absorption, X-ray fluorescence imaging, transmission electron microscopy and SIMS. Speciation results will then be correlated to potential environmental impacts.

Hourly volumes* :

            CM : 12h

            TD : 8h

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Scientific information: The aim of this course is to familiarize students with the search and management of scientific information. In this context, recent tools for bibliographic research will be explained and used during courses/DD (Electronic documentation: Scifinder / Isis / Belstein). Training in the functionalities of the Zotero tool and in the use of the electronic laboratory notebook will also be provided. The writing and use of scientific publications will be addressed.

Bibliographic project: The tools of scientific information research will be applied to a concrete case. The pedagogical team will propose a bibliographic subject to the student in relation with the chosen orientation. This bibliographic subject may, if necessary, be defined in agreement with the host organization where the internship will be carried out.

For this personal project, the student will have access to all the bibliographic sources of the university or the company that hosts him/her. The bibliographic work may be combined with the English teaching unit in order to prepare an oral presentation at an international conference.

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The 4 to 6 month internship must be carried out in a research laboratory or a company specialized in extractive or separative chemistry, recycling chemistry, radiochemistry, materials chemistry or process chemistry. Thus, students will have the opportunity to carry out this end-of-study internship in academic research laboratories or industrial establishments. Subject to prior acceptance by the teaching staff (internship subject related to the Master's courses and adequate environment/means), the student may seek a host team in the academic environment in the institutes of the Chemistry Pole of the University of Montpellier, in academic laboratories outside the University of Montpellier (in France or abroad) or in the private sector (in France or abroad). 

This 4 to 6 month internship may begin at the beginning of March and will be preceded by the submission of a bibliographic report related to the internship topic and an oral defense before a jury.

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