Level of study
BAC +5
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description
This separative chemistry course aims to introduce the different concepts necessary to the study of separative chemistry. The idea is to present the role of the different interactions present in complex media and their role in separation. The experimental measurement of these different effects, their practical representation, as well as the link with interfacial phenomena are also discussed.
Hourly volumes* :
CM : 12 H
TD : 8 H
Objectives
The aim is to provide the future Master's graduate with solid knowledge to describe the processes implemented in separative chemistry. The role of weak interactions and the structure of the complex systems involved will be particularly emphasized.
Necessary pre-requisites
General chemistry - thermodynamics - solution chemistry
Knowledge control
Final exam with a possible second session.
Syllabus
General information on separative chemistry
History of the separation of elements - Role of ions - Dynamic and equilibrium methods - Hydrometallurgy - Liquid-liquid extraction - Extractants - Link with chemical engineering - Weak interactions - Role of entropy - Dilution laws - Phase diagram - Covalent, metallic, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, Van der Waals, Hamaker's approach - Role of the medium and the solvent - Physical chemistry of soft matter
II Osmosis and measurement of weak interactions
Van't Hoff's law of osmosis - Rationale - Effect of pressure - Applications: blue energy, reverse osmosis, equilibrium of living cells, conservation, environment - Osmolarity scales - Osmotic coefficient - Measurement of molar mass - Measurement of equilibrium constant - Role of standard state associated with the solvent - Debye-Huckel theory - Models for the activity of concentrated solutions - Application to the separation of elements f
III Soft objects
Colloids - Classification - Mesomorphic phases - Liquid crystal - Polymers: size effects, branching, copolymers, chain length, solvent effects, demixing, role of entropic effects
IV The forces at work
Dispersion forces - Link with Hamaker's approach - Role of geometry - Gouy-Chapman's charged double layer theory - Poisson Boltzmann equation - DLVO approach - Application to suspension stability - Micellisation - Pseudo-phase and chemical equilibrium - Hydrophilic/hydrophobic solvophilic/solvophobic interactions - Depletion - Brazil nut effect - Surface tension: Origin, Gibbs relation and interest for separative chemistry - Role of spontaneous curvature effects - Applications to extractants - Emulsions and microemulsions
Additional information
Administrative contact(s):
Secretariat Master Chemistry
https://master-chimie.edu.umontpellier.fr/