Study level
BAC +5
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description
The aim of this separative chemistry course is to introduce the various concepts needed to study separative chemistry. The idea is to present the role of the various interactions present in complex media and their role in separation. Experimental measurement of these different effects, their practical representation, and the link with interfacial phenomena are also covered.
Hourly volumes* :
CM: 12 H
TD: 8 H
Objectives
The aim is to provide future Master's graduates with a sound knowledge of the processes involved in separative chemistry. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of weak interactions and the structure of the complex systems involved.
Necessary prerequisites
General chemistry - thermodynamics - solution chemistry
Knowledge control
Final exam with possible second session.
Syllabus
General information on separative chemistry
History of element separation - Role of ions - Dynamic and equilibrium methods - Hydrometallurgy - Liquid-liquid extraction - Extractants - Link with chemical engineering - Weak interactions - Role of entropy - Dilution laws - Phase diagram - Covalent, metallic, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, Van der Waals and Hamaker interactions - Role of medium and solvent - Physical chemistry of soft matter
II Osmosis and measurement of weak interactions
Van't Hoff's law of osmosis - Justification - Effect of pressure - Applications: blue energy, reverse osmosis, equilibrium of living cells, conservation, environment - Osmolarity scales - Osmotic coefficient - Measurement of molar mass - Measurement of equilibrium constant - Role of the standard state associated with the solvent - Debye-Huckel theory - Models for the activity of concentrated solutions - Application to the separation of elements f
III Soft objects
Colloids - Classification - Mesomorphic phases - Liquid crystal - Polymers: size effects, branching, copolymers, chain length, solvent effects, demixion, role of entropic effects
IV The forces at work
Dispersion forces - Link with Hamaker's approach - Role of geometry - Gouy-Chapman charged double layer theory - Boltzmann Poisson equation - DLVO approach - Application to suspension stability - Micellisation - Pseudo-phase and chemical equilibrium - Hydrophilic/hydrophobic solvophilic/solvophobic interactions - Depletion - Brazil nut effect - Surface tension: origin, Gibbs relation and interest in separative chemistry - Role of spontaneous curvature effects - Applications to extractants - Emulsions and microemulsions
Further information
Administrative contact(s) :
Secretariat Master Chemistry
https://master-chimie.edu.umontpellier.fr/