Study level
BAC +4
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description
The aim of this solution chemistry course is to introduce the various concepts needed to study the complex liquid mixtures used in separative chemistry. The proposed approach is mainly thermodynamic. In particular, we explain the role of concentration effects, beyond the ideal laws valid only for dilute solutions.
CM: 12 H
TD: 8 H
Objectives
: The aim is to enable the future master's graduate to have solid knowledge to describe complex solutions and to interpret scientific data and the bibliography of separation chemistry.
Necessary prerequisites
General chemistry at the first university cycle in a degree in chemistry and/or physics.
EU Bachelor's degree in thermodynamics and structure of matter.
Knowledge control
Final exam with possible second session.
Syllabus
I General thermodynamics applied to solutions
Donder's criterion - LAM - central role of chemical potential - Ideal solution - Ideal mixture - Quantity characterizing the composition of a mixture - effects of activity coefficients - experimental measurement of activity coefficients - Gibbs-Duhem equality -
Application: cmc measurement, practical example of activity measurement for lanthanide salts - comparison of equilibria in - micellization models
II Acid-base balances and the role of concentration
Interest of pH for speciation - experimental methods - Role of solvents - case of concentrated solutions - The case of water: pOH and preponderant role of hydroxides
Applications: Separation of actinides by acid extractant, solubility of metal ions
III Redox equilibria and speciation diagrams
Redox course reminders - Pourbaix diagrams - plotting and use
Applications: the relatively simple case of the lanthanides, the much more difficult case of the actinides
IV Complexation equilibria
Ligands and solvation - Successive equilibria - Classification of ligands - enthalpic and entropic factors - pC
Applications: transition elements - supramolecular chemistry and separation chemistry - generalized speciation diagrams
V Precipitation equilibria
Solubility - Competition between ionic species - solid solutions - kinetic factors
Application: Berthelot-Nernst and Doerner Hoskins coprecipitation.
Further information
Administrative contact(s) :
Secretariat Master Chemistry
https://master-chimie.edu.umontpellier.fr/