OPTION 1

This course on solution chemistry aims to introduce the various concepts necessary for studying complex liquid mixtures used in separation chemistry. The approach taken is mainly thermodynamic. In particular, we explain the role of concentration effects, beyond the ideal laws that apply only to dilute solutions.

CM: 12 H

Tutorial: 8 hours

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This lecture, delivered entirely in English, provides a basic introduction to crystallography and electron diffraction for beginners. X-ray diffraction is an important characterization technique in modern chemistry; the majority of crystalline structures in inorganic and organic solids have been solved using this method. It is therefore important for all students to understand its basic concepts and instrumentation. The course provides explanations and principles of X-ray diffraction together with the geometry and symmetry of X-ray patterns. In addition to the interaction principles of X-rays and matter, it covers how to obtain quantitative intensities for single crystal and powder diffraction patterns. It naturally includes an understanding of lattice planes and the reciprocal lattice concept together with the Ewald sphere construction. Furthermore, it provides a basic understanding of the Fourier transform relationship between the crystalline structure and the diffracted intensities, as well as the reciprocal lattice concept.

Electron diffraction is a complementary technique to X-rays that provides information in terms of symmetry and geometry on the materials studied. In this course, we will therefore approach the description of the method for obtaining electron diffraction patterns and their interpretation. We will be able to obtain the lattice parameters, the reflection conditions, as well as the groups of possible spaces.

This lecture also serves as the introductory part to the lecture Electron Microscopy and Crystallography II.

CM: 14

TD: 6

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- Review of thermodynamics of single-component systems.

- Basic concepts of thermodynamics in multicomponent systems. Chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem relation, variance.

- Concepts related to thermal analysis techniques used to construct binary/ternary diagrams: ATG, ATD, and DSC

- Construction and interpretation of binary phase diagrams based on thermodynamic quantities. Gibbs free enthalpy, pressure, and temperature diagrams as a function of the composition of the binary mixture. Liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-liquid mixtures.

- Phase transformations: first- and second-order transitions, critical points. Examples.

- The supercritical state: definition, thermodynamic properties, most widespread industrial applications.

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, definitions of ternary eutectic, first and second order peritectic, isothermal section, study of alloy cooling.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 13

TD: 7

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