CHOICE 1

This course of solution chemistry aims at introducing the different concepts necessary to the study of complex liquid mixtures used in separative chemistry. The proposed approach is mainly thermodynamic. We explain in particular the role of concentration effects, beyond the ideal laws valid only for dilute solutions.

CM : 12 H

TD : 8 H

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This lecture, entirely provided in English, gives a basic introduction into crystallography and electron diffraction for beginners. X-ray diffraction is an important characterization technique in modern chemistry the majority of crystalline structures in inorganic and organic solids have been solved by this method. It is therefore of importance for all students to have an understanding of its basic concepts and instrumentation. The course provides explanations and principles of X-ray diffraction together with the geometry and symmetry of X-ray patterns. Beside interaction principles of X-rays and matter, it treats how to obtain quantitative intensities for single crystal and powder diffraction patterns. It naturally includes the understanding of lattice planes and the reciprocal lattice concept together with the Ewald sphere construction. Further on it gives a basic understanding of the Fourier transform relation between the crystalline structure and the diffracted intensities as well as the reciprocal lattice concept.

Electron diffraction is a complementary technique to X-rays that provides information in terms of symmetry and geometry on the materials studied. In this course, we will therefore approach the description of the method for obtaining electron diffraction pattern and their interpretation. We will be able to obtain the lattice parameters, the reflection conditions as well as the groups of possible spaces.

This lecture serves also as the introductory part to the lecture Electron Microscopy and Crystallography II

CM :14

TD :6

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- Reminder of thermodynamics of single component systems.

- Basic notions of thermodynamics of multicomponent systems. Chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem relation, variance.

- Knowledge of thermal analysis techniques that allow the construction of binary/ternary diagrams: TGA, DTA and DSC

- Construction and interpretation of binary phase diagrams from thermodynamic quantities. Diagrams of Gibbs free enthalpy, pressure and temperature as a function of the composition of the binary mixture. Liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor, solid-liquid mixtures.

- Phase transformation: first and second order transitions, critical points. Examples.

- The supercritical state: definition, thermodynamic properties, most extensive industrial applications.

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, definitions of ternary eutectic, first and second order peritectic, isothermal section, study of cooling of alloys.

Hourly volumes* :

CM :13

TD :7

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