Intended Level of Study
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
180 credits
Duration
3 years
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Language(s) of Instruction
French
Overview
Physics Track: L1 in the PCSI Portal (Physics, Chemistry, Engineering Sciences)
The Bachelor’s Degree in Physics is a three-year program open to high school graduates with a science track, serving as the first step in higher education. It enables students to acquire fundamental knowledge in general, theoretical, and experimental physics—ranging from classical to modern physics—as well as in mathematics and computer programming, with a progressive specialization in the third year (L3) toward Fundamental Physics or Physics and Its Applications. The CUPGE Physics and Mathematics track (University Preparatory Cycle for the Grandes Écoles) from the first to the third year offers an in-depth interdisciplinary education. A brief overview of the various tracks within the Bachelor’s Degree in Physics is available on the program’s website.
Objectives
The program enables students to gradually master the basic concepts of physics and the use of mathematical and numerical tools to analyze, describe, and model a physical system. In doing so, they develop their critical thinking skills, as well as the ability to independently conduct experimental projects and communicate their results in writing and orally, in both French and English. These are the knowledge, skills, and expertise required to pursue further study in the Master’s program in Fundamental Physics and Applications at Montpellier or, more generally, in any Master’s program in physics or interdisciplinary fields, both in France and abroad. The program also prepares students for further study at engineering schools—either through direct admission or by passing an entrance exam—or for direct entry into the workforce at the end of the third year (L3), such as through civil service exams. At the end of the second year, students may also opt for a short, career-oriented track by enrolling in a professional bachelor’s degree program (Licence Pro) in their third year (L3), such as the L3 Pro Couleur program in Montpellier.
The Bachelor's Degree in Physics offers three complementary tracks:
- Fundamental Physics in the third year of undergraduate studies (PF), designed to provide a solid foundation in physics to prepare students (though not exclusively) for master’s programs in fundamental physics.
- Physics and Applications (PA) in the third year of undergraduate studies (L3), designed to provide the basic knowledge of physics necessary to tackle technological fields arising from the applications of physics.
- CUPGE Physics and Mathematics (University Preparatory Program for the Grandes Écoles) from L1 to L3, designed to provide an in-depth interdisciplinary education that enables students to pursue a master’s degree in fundamental physics under the best possible conditions or to prepare for certain entrance exams for engineering Grandes Écoles in L3.
Expertise and Skills
Students in the Fundamental Physics track learn to master all the concepts of classical physics (mechanics, optics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, etc.) and modern physics (quantum mechanics, special relativity, particle physics, etc.), as well as the theoretical formalization of a physical system. In the Physics and Applications track, the in-depth study in the third year (L3) focuses primarily on the major fields of applied physics (electronics, energy, optics, nuclear physics, acoustics, etc.) and related technologies. Finally, the CUPGE Physics and Mathematics track allows students to acquire additional disciplinary skills in mathematics and mechanics, which are necessary to take the entrance exams for certain prestigious engineering schools at the end of the third year (L3).
Program
In the first year (L1), students in the Bachelor’s program in Physics are part of the PCSI portal, which includes the Physics, Mechanics, EEA, Physics-Chemistry, and Chemistry tracks. Students enter the Physics track in the second year (L2) and then specialize in the third year (L3) by choosing either the Fundamental Physics track or the Physics and Applications track.
The CUPGE Physics and Mathematics track is part of the Mathematics and Its Applications program in the first year (L1), and students then enter the Physics track in the second year (L2).
Select a program
Second Year of the Bachelor's Degree Program
In the L2 Physics program, there are two tracks available: L2 Physics and L2 CUPGE Physics and Mathematics, which is a track with an emphasis on mathematics.
Junior Year
The Bachelor’s degree in Physics is a three-year program that constitutes the first stage of higher education. It is open to students with a science-track high school diploma and enables them to acquire fundamental knowledge in general, theoretical, and experimental physics—ranging from classical to modern physics—as well as in mathematics and computer programming, with a progressive specialization in the third year (L3) toward Fundamental Physics or Physics and Its Applications. The CUPGE Physics and Mathematics track (University Preparatory Cycle for the Grandes Écoles) from the first to the third year offers an in-depth interdisciplinary education. A brief overview of the various tracks within the Bachelor’s Degree in Physics can be downloaded here: Bachelor’s Degree in Physics Overview.
General Knowledge - Choose from the list below +
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Calling bullshit
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Creative Writing
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
High-Frequency Waves for Medical and Healthcare Applications
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Arts and Sciences
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Introduction to Python Programming for Analysis and
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
An Introduction to Electronics Through Instrumentation
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Sports
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Nutrition, Sports, and Health
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Conceptual Information Tools (PIX)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Experimenting to Create—A Dialogue Between Art, Music, and Material
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Science and Society
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Oulipian Pastimes
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Electrostatics & Magnetostatics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This course is the first step in university-level electromagnetism instruction. It covers electrostatics, steady-state currents, and magnetostatics.
See the syllabus in the “More Info” tab
Experimental Physics, Year 3
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The two main objectives of physics are, on the one hand, to better understand—or gain a deeper knowledge of—the world we live in, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the advancement of techniques and technologies. Its purpose is to develop theories and test them against experimental evidence.
In this module, you will conduct experiments that illustrate concepts in mechanics, electricity, and thermodynamics that were introduced in thefirst-year bachelor’s degree modules.
Thermodynamics 2
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This module supplements and formalizes the thermodynamic concepts introduced in the Thermodynamics 1 course unit, exploring several aspects in greater depth: thermodynamic potentials defined using Legendre transformations, the thermodynamics of open systems, phase transitions in pure substances, and irreversible processes, with forays into the microscopic level to provide an overview of the physical foundations of the theory.
Newtonian Dynamics 2
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This unit expands on the concepts covered in Newtonian Dynamics 1 to include gravitational interaction and, more generally, the motion of a material point subjected to a central force. The statics and dynamics of rigid bodies are also covered.
English S3
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Math Tools for 9th Grade
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
This course builds on the mathematics covered in the first year of the bachelor’s program. Students will study the mathematical tools required for physicists in the field of analysis, with a focus on functions of several variables, differential operators, generalized and multiple integrals, and sequences and series—including power series and Fourier series.
Physics of Oscillators
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The oscillator is a fundamental concept in physics: matter is often modeled as a collection of oscillators (harmonic or otherwise) that interact with one another and with the external environment. The environment acts on the matter through a wave, such as an acoustic or electromagnetic wave. This allows us to lay the theoretical foundations for problems involving radiation-matter interaction and thus to develop one of the fundamental tools for the study of matter (in the broadest sense): spectroscopy.
Spectroscopy is, in fact, the fundamental tool for studying the physical properties of the objects around us, such as molecules, crystals, stars, and galaxies. These properties are deduced either from their spontaneous emission or from their response to external excitation. For example, we measure the absorption, reflection, and transmission properties of applied electromagnetic radiation (visible, infrared, X-rays, neutrons, etc.). The response to this radiation then provides a way to identify the various types of oscillators that make up the medium under study.
In short, the study of the physical environments around us relies on two fundamental theoretical tools: oscillators and waves, which are precisely the subject of this course.
The approach taken here is a step-by-step progression, starting with the harmonic oscillator, then moving on to coupled oscillators, and finally to waves analyzed within the framework of discrete systems: infinite and then finite coupled oscillators with different boundary conditions.
Wave Physics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The first step is to review various concepts in wave physics (D'Alembert’s equation, traveling waves, standing waves, reflection, transmission) through the study of various physical systems—mechanical (springs, strings, acoustics...), electrical (telegraph lines, coaxial cables, etc.), or electromagnetic systems, and to arrive at a general framework for the study of linear wave phenomena.
Next, after studying standing waves, we will examine interference (wave tanks and other devices) and the related physical concepts: phase shift, path difference, conditions for constructive interference, and destructive interference.
Math Tools S4
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
This course builds on the mathematics covered in the first year (L1) and thefirst semester of the second year (L2). Students will study the mathematical tools in linear and bilinear algebra that are essential for physicists. Next, differential equations and Fourier analysis will be covered. Finally, all the mathematical knowledge acquired in the second year will be applied to solve physics problems analytically or using computer software.
Experimental Physics S4
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The two main objectives of physics are, on the one hand, to better understand—or gain a deeper knowledge of—the world we live in, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the advancement of techniques and technologies. Its purpose is to develop theories and test them against experimental evidence.
In this module, you will conduct experiments that illustrate concepts in geometric optics, electromagnetism, and waves that were introduced in thefirst- andsecond-year undergraduate modules.
ManipLab
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
ManipLab is a module for exploratory lab exercises in a physics research laboratory.
These are real experiments, supervised by a researcher and conducted in research laboratories. During these experiments, students perform the procedures and measurements themselves and make observations, whether in an experimental, theoretical, or simulation setting. The goal is for students to emerge enriched by their experience in a laboratory and by new concepts in physics that will seem more concrete to them and placed within the context of research.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
Electromagnetism
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
The first part of this course aims to reinforce the concepts of magnetostatics and to establish the relationships governing the behavior of the electromagnetic field at the interface of a plane of charges or currents. We also introduce the expression for Laplace’s forces (force and torque) acting on volumetric or filiform circuits. The second part is devoted to the properties of fields and potentials in a time-varying regime. After introducing Faraday’s law, which describes induction phenomena, we derive the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations. An energy-based approach allows us to define the electric and magnetic energies, as well as the Poynting vector. We apply these concepts to various examples, such as electromechanical conversion or induction heating via eddy currents. A final chapter is devoted to the equations of propagation of fields and potentials, and their application in systems approximated as a vacuum, as well as in perfect conductors and insulators. The concept of skin depth is also introduced.
English S4
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Computer Physics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This module provides an introduction to the process of using computer tools in physics: it involves analyzing a phenomenon, idealizing or modeling it, and then studying it on a computer. The critical interpretation of the results is also part of this process. The examples covered are chosen to relate to other current topics in the course.
Electrostatics & Magnetostatics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This course is the first step in university-level electromagnetism instruction. It covers electrostatics, steady-state currents, and magnetostatics.
See the syllabus in the “More Info” tab
Experimental Physics, Year 3
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The two main objectives of physics are, on the one hand, to better understand—or gain a deeper knowledge of—the world we live in, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the advancement of techniques and technologies. Its purpose is to develop theories and test them against experimental evidence.
In this module, you will conduct experiments that illustrate concepts in mechanics, electricity, and thermodynamics that were introduced in thefirst-year bachelor’s degree modules.
Thermodynamics 2
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This module supplements and formalizes the thermodynamic concepts introduced in the Thermodynamics 1 course unit, exploring several aspects in greater depth: thermodynamic potentials defined using Legendre transformations, the thermodynamics of open systems, phase transitions in pure substances, and irreversible processes, with forays into the microscopic level to provide an overview of the physical foundations of the theory.
Algebra III: Reduction of Endomorphisms
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
This course will cover the concepts of symmetric groups and determinants, and will address the reduction of endomorphisms to finite dimensions (up to Jordan form) and its applications. It serves as an introduction to spectral analysis.
Analysis III: Integration and Elementary Differential Equations
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Building on the analysis course from the second semester, this course will cover the concepts of series with terms of arbitrary sign. The Riemann integral will be defined and applied to solve differential equations, particularly linear ones. The section on integration will be expanded to include generalized integrals.
Rigid Body Dynamics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
This unit focuses on the mechanics of rigid bodies. It is the natural continuation of the unit on the kinematics and statics of rigid bodies covered in the first year of undergraduate studies. In this unit, we will adopt a dynamic framework and apply the Fundamental Principle of Dynamics. Deriving this principle requires knowledge of the torque of external forces, which was studied in the first year, as well as knowledge of the dynamic torque. The latter can be calculated using the kinetic torque, which, for a rigid body, involves the concept of moment of inertia. The main applications studied in this unit concern rigid bodies or simple cases of articulated systems of rigid bodies. In addition, we will study the special case of contact and friction forces (Coulomb friction) and discuss the Kinetic Energy Theorem.
English S3
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Physics of Oscillators
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The oscillator is a fundamental concept in physics: matter is often modeled as a collection of oscillators (harmonic or otherwise) that interact with one another and with the external environment. The environment acts on the matter through a wave, such as an acoustic or electromagnetic wave. This allows us to lay the theoretical foundations for problems involving radiation-matter interaction and thus to develop one of the fundamental tools for the study of matter (in the broadest sense): spectroscopy.
Spectroscopy is, in fact, the fundamental tool for studying the physical properties of the objects around us, such as molecules, crystals, stars, and galaxies. These properties are deduced either from their spontaneous emission or from their response to external excitation. For example, we measure the absorption, reflection, and transmission properties of applied electromagnetic radiation (visible, infrared, X-rays, neutrons, etc.). The response to this radiation then provides a way to identify the various types of oscillators that make up the medium under study.
In short, the study of the physical environments around us relies on two fundamental theoretical tools: oscillators and waves, which are precisely the subject of this course.
The approach taken here is a step-by-step progression, starting with the harmonic oscillator, then moving on to coupled oscillators, and finally to waves analyzed within the framework of discrete systems: infinite and then finite coupled oscillators with different boundary conditions.
Wave Physics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The first step is to review various concepts in wave physics (D'Alembert’s equation, traveling waves, standing waves, reflection, transmission) through the study of various physical systems—mechanical (springs, strings, acoustics...), electrical (telegraph lines, coaxial cables, etc.), or electromagnetic systems, and to arrive at a general framework for the study of linear wave phenomena.
Next, after studying standing waves, we will examine interference (wave tanks and other devices) and the related physical concepts: phase shift, path difference, conditions for constructive interference, and destructive interference.
English S4
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
The first-semester course covers the grammatical concepts essential for oral and written communication (tenses and aspect, asking questions, comparisons and superlatives, passive voice) as well as essential general vocabulary (numbers, measurements, shapes); it also includes an introduction to technical vocabulary (basic building materials, airplane engines, bicycle parts, electronic devices) through themed lessons and videos in the field of mechanical engineering.
Finally, a wide range of activities are offered to develop oral communication skills (presentation vocabulary, simulations, role-playing, and board games) so that students will be able to describe—during an oral presentation in pairs—the specific features, functions, and uses of a piece of technical equipment of their choice.
S4
The grammatical aspects are limited to a review of modal auxiliaries.
The vocabulary focuses much more on the various components involved in the design and operation of different types of internal combustion engines and on emerging technologies (drones, driverless vehicles, 3D printing).
Students must also submit a resume in English and practice writing formal emails, so that they are prepared for situations involving internship or job searches where proficiency in English will be either required or considered an added asset.
The focus is always on practical application, culminating in an individual oral presentation at the end of the semester on their second-year mechanics project.
Experimental Physics S4
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The two main objectives of physics are, on the one hand, to better understand—or gain a deeper knowledge of—the world we live in, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the advancement of techniques and technologies. Its purpose is to develop theories and test them against experimental evidence.
In this module, you will conduct experiments that illustrate concepts in geometric optics, electromagnetism, and waves that were introduced in thefirst- andsecond-year undergraduate modules.
Analysis IV: Function Sequences, Power Series, Fourier Series
ECTS
8 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
This course will cover the concepts of sequences and series of functions, as well as various types of convergence. Integral series and Fourier series will also be discussed.
Personal and Professional Project
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
Electromagnetism
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
The first part of this course aims to reinforce the concepts of magnetostatics and to establish the relationships governing the behavior of the electromagnetic field at the interface of a plane of charges or currents. We also introduce the expression for Laplace’s forces (force and torque) acting on volumetric or filiform circuits. The second part is devoted to the properties of fields and potentials in a time-varying regime. After introducing Faraday’s law, which describes induction phenomena, we derive the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations. An energy-based approach allows us to define the electric and magnetic energies, as well as the Poynting vector. We apply these concepts to various examples, such as electromechanical conversion or induction heating via eddy currents. A final chapter is devoted to the equations of propagation of fields and potentials, and their application in systems approximated as a vacuum, as well as in perfect conductors and insulators. The concept of skin depth is also introduced.
Computer Physics
Level of Education
2 years of post-secondary education
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This module provides an introduction to the process of using computer tools in physics: it involves analyzing a phenomenon, idealizing or modeling it, and then studying it on a computer. The critical interpretation of the results is also part of this process. The examples covered are chosen to relate to other current topics in the course.
Algebra IV: Euclidean Spaces
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
This course is an introduction to bilinear algebra and will cover Euclidean and Hermitian spaces. It will address topics such as isometries, duality, quadratic forms, and endomorphisms.
S5L3PHYCHOIX
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
The Origin of the Elements: A Cosmic Journey
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
Introduction to the Synthesis of Chemical Elements in the Universe (Big Bang, Stars)
Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This course is an elective that introduces the physics concepts used in nanoscience and nanotechnology. It will enable students to better understand the specific phenomena associated with the nanoscale. It also includes an introduction to the four types of microscopy used to observe and measure at this scale: AFM, STM, SEM, and TEM.
Physics and Computer Science
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This elective course focuses on solving physics problems using a computer. It covers the use of the Python programming language for scientific computing, with a particular emphasis on visualization and the creation of animations. It provides an introduction to the possibilities offered by computational physics through various simulations (e.g., FDTD simulation of 1D electromagnetic wave propagation, etc.).
Biophysics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
The course aims to provide a general introduction to physics as it relates to the biological sciences and to contextualize the use of modern physics concepts—through its methods and approaches—to describe biological systems and their complexity, from the molecular to the cellular scale. It is therefore essential to understand the central role that physics has played for the past century in helping us understand the principles of the organization and dynamics of living, complex matter (from the cell to populations of individuals). At the same time, it is important to recognize that biological systems represent a new opportunity for physicists to learn more about the complexity of living matter and its capacity for self-organization, regulation, and control, while also exploring new biomimetic applications.
English S5
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Math Tools S5
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
This course builds on the mathematics covered in the first year (L1) and thefirst semester of the second year (L2). It will introduce the mathematical tools that physicists need in the areas of integration theory, functional transformations, complex variables, and distributions.
Analytical and Quantum Mechanics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
7 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
63h
This unit is a natural continuation of the units on classical Newtonian mechanics.
In the first part of this unit, we cover classical mechanics, starting with the principle of least action and arriving at two new formulations: the Lagrangian formalism and the Hamiltonian formalism. We study the connection between physical symmetries and conservation laws (E. Noether’s theorem) and introduce Poisson brackets, which allow us to write the classical laws of time evolution of physical quantities in a form that already foreshadows those of quantum mechanics.
In the second part of the course, beginning with an examination of the experimental limits of classical mechanics, a new theory of mechanics is introduced: quantum mechanics. This theory is conceptually entirely different from previous classical theories, based on a description of physical phenomena in terms of probabilities and is therefore no longer deterministic. This is a radical paradigm shift that revolutionized physics in the last century and has enabled a deeper understanding of the physical world, with fundamental and practical implications that have radically changed human life (atomic physics, chemistry, nuclear energy, transistors, and lasers, to name just a few).
Wave Optics and Electrodynamics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
7 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
63h
This course builds on the electromagnetism and waves course taken in the second year of college.
Experimental Physics S5
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
Laboratory work in various fields of physics.
The topics covered include the study of mechanical and electrical oscillatory systems (simple pendulum, torsion pendulum, coupled pendulums, RLC circuits, inductively coupled circuits), acoustic waves, and some concepts of wave optics (diffraction and interference), the practical application of electronic circuits to the study of electrical components or systems (diodes, LEDs, and photodiodes; transmission lines); and the study of certain properties of matter (magnetism, the photoelectric effect, and the Faraday effect).
Statistical Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
45h
This module provides an introduction to the concepts and methods of statistical physics for systems at equilibrium, using a bottom-up approach: starting with examples and then deriving the general principles. It draws heavily on the course by Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik. The final chapter of the course offers a historical introduction to the development of the theory of Brownian motion.
Relativity and Subatomic Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
The course builds on the knowledge acquired in the first and second years to cover the fundamentals of special relativity (1/3 of the course units) and provide students with a brief introduction to subatomic particle physics (2/3 of the course units). It will thus enable students to gain a solid grasp of the innermost structure of matter. After developing the tools of special relativity necessary for the remainder of the course, we will delve into both the study of atomic nuclei (nuclear physics) and that of “elementary” particles (subatomic physics proper). We will provide an initial overview of the Standard Model of particle physics and the basic concepts of nuclear physics.
Experimental Physics S6
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The wave optics lab sessions examine interference phenomena using Michelson and Fabry-Pérot interferometers as applications of high-resolution spectroscopy. (Lab sessions on the Michelson interferometer and the Fabry-Pérot interferometer)
Interference phenomena are also recorded on holographic plates for the reconstruction and study of holograms. (Holography Lab)
Light polarization is studied and serves as a basis for investigating birefringent materials (such as calcite), liquid crystals, and isotropic materials under stress (induced birefringence)... (Birefringence Lab)
The emission of electromagnetic waves by heated objects is studied in black-body lab exercises. The temperature of various hot objects is determined using a pyrometer, spectroscopy, and an infrared camera (for the human body, for example).
Lasers are also studied, including their emission and their longitudinal and transverse modes, either in a "fixed" cavity or in an open, adjustable cavity. (HeNe Laser Lab I and II)
The propagation speed of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic wave is measured by determining the phase shift in its modulation caused by its propagation. (Lab: Speed of Light)
Objects are analyzed using Fourier optics, which, after filtering, allows certain details to be highlighted or concealed. The study is also compared to digital Fourier filtering (TP strioscopy).
Finally, the property of certain substances—when subjected to a magnetic field—to deflect the plane of polarization of light passing through them is studied in the Faraday effect lab.
Hydrodynamics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
This course aims to introduce the fundamentals of physical hydrodynamics. The kinematic aspects are covered first: Eulerian and Lagrangian formalisms, analysis of the motion of a fluid volume element, introduction to the stream and potential velocity functions, and applications to various types of flows. In the next section on fluid dynamics, we derive Euler’s equation and Bernoulli’s equation for the flow of ideal fluids, followed by the Navier-Stokes equation describing the flow of Newtonian viscous fluids. This section will lead us to define the stress tensor as well as the Reynolds number, which allows us to determine whether a flow is laminar or turbulent. The course concludes with an introduction to the mechanics of deformable solids: displacement field, strain tensor, and deformation tensor.
Supervised Projects, Semester 6
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The supervised project is an experimental or numerical simulation project carried out in groups of three students. It takes place in a lab, focusing on one of the many physics and chemistry topics offered. It exposes students to the project-based approach and draws on their creativity, initiative, independence, and attention to detail in conducting experiments. The project concludes with a report and a presentation, which are first evaluated by peers and then by a panel of judges.
Simulation Tools
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
This module will cover selected methods in numerical physics with applications relevant to the Fundamental Physics track. After a review of programming with Python 3, we will study numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear equations, ordinary differential equations, and systems of linear equations. A major part of the module will focus on numerical linear algebra and its applications in physics and numerical analysis. Finally, an introduction to formal computation systems is planned.
Quantum Mechanics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
45h
In this course, we will build upon the basic concepts previously covered in Quantum Mechanics in Semester 5. The course is organized around the following main topics: extension of the wave mechanics formalism, angular momentum theory, the hydrogen atom, perturbations, and an introduction to relativistic quantum mechanics.
Experimental Physics S5 PA
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
45h
Laboratory work in various fields of physics.
The topics covered include the study of mechanical oscillating systems (simple pendulum, torsion pendulum, coupled pendulums), acoustic waves, some concepts of wave optics (diffraction and interference), the practical application of electronic circuits for the study of electrical components or systems (diodes, LEDs, and photodiodes, transmission lines), and the study of certain properties of matter (magnetism, the photoelectric effect, and the Faraday effect).
S5L3PHYAPPCHOIX
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
The Origin of the Elements: A Cosmic Journey
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
Introduction to the Synthesis of Chemical Elements in the Universe (Big Bang, Stars)
Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This course is an elective that introduces the physics concepts used in nanoscience and nanotechnology. It will enable students to better understand the specific phenomena associated with the nanoscale. It also includes an introduction to the four types of microscopy used to observe and measure at this scale: AFM, STM, SEM, and TEM.
Physics and Computer Science
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This elective course focuses on solving physics problems using a computer. It covers the use of the Python programming language for scientific computing, with a particular emphasis on visualization and the creation of animations. It provides an introduction to the possibilities offered by computational physics through various simulations (e.g., FDTD simulation of 1D electromagnetic wave propagation, etc.).
Biophysics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
The course aims to provide a general introduction to physics as it relates to the biological sciences and to contextualize the use of modern physics concepts—through its methods and approaches—to describe biological systems and their complexity, from the molecular to the cellular scale. It is therefore essential to understand the central role that physics has played for the past century in helping us understand the principles of the organization and dynamics of living, complex matter (from the cell to populations of individuals). At the same time, it is important to recognize that biological systems represent a new opportunity for physicists to learn more about the complexity of living matter and its capacity for self-organization, regulation, and control, while also exploring new biomimetic applications.
English S5
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Elements of Electronics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
Learning about analog and digital electronics.
For the analog portion, the course focuses on the study and practical application of the main electronic components: diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers.
In the digital section, the fundamentals of sequential logic will be covered.
Applied Optics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
At the beginning of this course unit, we will review, on the one hand, the concepts of light rays and the conditions for the approximation of geometric optics and, on the other hand, the concepts in wave physics that are important for physical optics.
Then, starting with the scalar approximation of light waves—a special case of electromagnetic waves—we will describe light sources, interference phenomena involving two waves and N waves, and then diffraction in the Fraunhofer approximation.
We will continue by studying various widely used physical systems, focusing on their resolving power and applications: the microscope, the telescope, the Michelson interferometer, the diffraction grating spectrometer, and the Fabry-Pérot interferometer.
Finally, we will conclude with the concepts of spatial and temporal coherence of light sources and their applications (stellar interferometry, speckle, etc.)
Introduction to Quantum Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This course is a simplified introduction to quantum physics.
We will begin by providing a historical overview of the early days of quantum mechanics: atomic emission spectra, blackbody radiation (we will explore the logic behind this term), the photoelectric effect, etc.
A simplified introduction to Fourier transforms will help us understand the relationship between spectral line width and time evolution at first,
and later on, help us understand Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
A significant portion of the course will be devoted to matter waves, through the Schrödinger equation, in very simple special cases.
Finally, we will conclude with a few aspects of magnetism (which is, of course, quantum in nature).
Introduction to Statistical Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
Statistical physics is one of the fundamental branches of modern physics; through its probabilistic approach, it establishes relationships between the microscopic and the macroscopic. It deals with the behavior of systems containing a very large number of particles (atoms, molecules, photons, etc.) and links macroscopic quantities—such as pressure, temperature, etc.—that characterize their state of thermodynamic equilibrium to quantities that define the microscopic state of their constituents. This course unit, an introduction to statistical physics, will cover the microcanonical and canonical ensembles and establish the connection between the partition function and thermodynamic quantities such as average energy, pressure, temperature, and entropy. These results will be illustrated using ideal gases and a few simple quantum systems.
Acoustics - Thermal
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This course unit consists of two blocks of 18 hours each (9 hours of lectures + 9 hours of tutorials).
For the first section on “acoustics,” after deriving the equation of mechanical vibration propagation in an infinite medium, the solutions involving plane waves will be presented. The focus will then shift to the concept of scalar potential. Solutions involving spherical waves will be discussed. A significant portion of the section will be devoted to the concept of acoustic impedance. Energy-related aspects will also be addressed. Various applications (particularly ultrasonic ones) will be discussed.
The second “thermal” module of the EU program focuses on studying the heat transfer properties of solids and fluids under steady-state (time-independent) conditions. We begin by defining diffusive and convective heat transfer regimes and introduce Fourier’s equation, which relates the heat flux to the temperature gradient via thermal conductivity or the conductive-convective coefficient. We then derive the heat propagation equation and apply it to simple cases involving walls and pipes. We then review the main laws describing heat transfer by radiation (Planck’s law, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law) and study the case of radiative flux between two bodies under total influence. All of this knowledge will be used to perform heat balance calculations for homogeneous or composite walls, building models, bars, and fins. We will also address the case of heat exchangers.
Programming for Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
This course unit covers a review and in-depth study of programming techniques, as well as an introduction to computational physics. We will begin with a review of procedural programming using Python 3. We will then introduce the use of numerical methods relevant to simulation and the solution of physics problems.
Elasticity and Hydrodynamics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
This course builds on the material covered in the first- and second-year courses on the dynamics of a point and a rigid body. The aim here is to provide an introduction to the mechanics of deformable continuous media, primarily within the small-deformation limit, covering linear elasticity, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Emphasis is placed on simple cases and common applications.
Supervised Projects, Semester 6
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The supervised project is an experimental or numerical simulation project carried out in groups of three students. It takes place in a lab, focusing on one of the many physics and chemistry topics offered. It exposes students to the project-based approach and draws on their creativity, initiative, independence, and attention to detail in conducting experiments. The project concludes with a report and a presentation, which are first evaluated by peers and then by a panel of judges.
Elements of Quantum Solid-State Theory
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
This lecture consists of two parts. The first part focuses specifically on Dirac’s formalism in quantum mechanics, with examples involving the 1D harmonic oscillator and angular momentum, particularly spin. The second part is an introduction to the use of quantum mechanics in solid-state physics through its application to semiconductors.
Structure and Properties of Matter
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
Classification of solids. Crystal structures. Energy bands. Metals. Semiconductors. Insulators. Electrical, dielectric, and magnetic properties.
Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
Study of the basic principles of nuclear physics with a view to practical applications in everyday life. This course unit aims to provide the fundamentals of nuclear physics and then present applications of radioactivity and nuclear energy in industrial settings (nuclear reactor physics, nuclear fuels), medical settings (nuclear imaging), and radiation protection (measuring devices, units, etc.).
Experimental Physics S6 PA
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
Practical exercises and application of analog and digital electronics related to course HLPH507.
S5L3PHYCHOIX
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
The Origin of the Elements: A Cosmic Journey
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
Introduction to the Synthesis of Chemical Elements in the Universe (Big Bang, Stars)
Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This course is an elective that introduces the physics concepts used in nanoscience and nanotechnology. It will enable students to better understand the specific phenomena associated with the nanoscale. It also includes an introduction to the four types of microscopy used to observe and measure at this scale: AFM, STM, SEM, and TEM.
Physics and Computer Science
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
This elective course focuses on solving physics problems using a computer. It covers the use of the Python programming language for scientific computing, with a particular emphasis on visualization and the creation of animations. It provides an introduction to the possibilities offered by computational physics through various simulations (e.g., FDTD simulation of 1D electromagnetic wave propagation, etc.).
Biophysics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
18h
The course aims to provide a general introduction to physics as it relates to the biological sciences and to contextualize the use of modern physics concepts—through its methods and approaches—to describe biological systems and their complexity, from the molecular to the cellular scale. It is therefore essential to understand the central role that physics has played for the past century in helping us understand the principles of the organization and dynamics of living, complex matter (from the cell to populations of individuals). At the same time, it is important to recognize that biological systems represent a new opportunity for physicists to learn more about the complexity of living matter and its capacity for self-organization, regulation, and control, while also exploring new biomimetic applications.
English S5
ECTS
2 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Fall
Analytical and Quantum Mechanics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
7 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
63h
This unit is a natural continuation of the units on classical Newtonian mechanics.
In the first part of this unit, we cover classical mechanics, starting with the principle of least action and arriving at two new formulations: the Lagrangian formalism and the Hamiltonian formalism. We study the connection between physical symmetries and conservation laws (E. Noether’s theorem) and introduce Poisson brackets, which allow us to write the classical laws of time evolution of physical quantities in a form that already foreshadows those of quantum mechanics.
In the second part of the course, beginning with an examination of the experimental limits of classical mechanics, a new theory of mechanics is introduced: quantum mechanics. This theory is conceptually entirely different from previous classical theories, based on a description of physical phenomena in terms of probabilities and is therefore no longer deterministic. This is a radical paradigm shift that revolutionized physics in the last century and has enabled a deeper understanding of the physical world, with fundamental and practical implications that have radically changed human life (atomic physics, chemistry, nuclear energy, transistors, and lasers, to name just a few).
Differential Calculus and Differential Equations
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
In the first part: a more in-depth look at the basic concepts of differential calculus covered in the second year.
In the second part: introduce the qualitative analysis of differential equations.
Wave Optics and Electrodynamics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
7 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
63h
This course builds on the electromagnetism and waves course taken in the second year of college.
Experimental Physics S5
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
Laboratory work in various fields of physics.
The topics covered include the study of mechanical and electrical oscillatory systems (simple pendulum, torsion pendulum, coupled pendulums, RLC circuits, inductively coupled circuits), acoustic waves, and some concepts of wave optics (diffraction and interference), the practical application of electronic circuits to the study of electrical components or systems (diodes, LEDs, and photodiodes; transmission lines); and the study of certain properties of matter (magnetism, the photoelectric effect, and the Faraday effect).
Fluid Mechanics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
The objective of this first module on fluid mechanics is to provide a basic understanding of the behavior of industrial fluids (air, water, hydraulic fluid) in order to size simple systems involving fluids in static or dynamic conditions (flow rates, pressure, velocity, pressure drops, etc.). The focus is on the study and design of hydraulic systems.
Statistical Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
45h
This module provides an introduction to the concepts and methods of statistical physics for systems at equilibrium, using a bottom-up approach: starting with examples and then deriving the general principles. It draws heavily on the course by Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik. The final chapter of the course offers a historical introduction to the development of the theory of Brownian motion.
Relativity and Subatomic Physics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
54h
The course builds on the knowledge acquired in the first and second years to cover the fundamentals of special relativity (1/3 of the course units) and provide students with a brief introduction to subatomic particle physics (2/3 of the course units). It will thus enable students to gain a solid grasp of the innermost structure of matter. After developing the tools of special relativity necessary for the remainder of the course, we will delve into both the study of atomic nuclei (nuclear physics) and that of “elementary” particles (subatomic physics proper). We will provide an initial overview of the Standard Model of particle physics and the basic concepts of nuclear physics.
Experimental Physics S6
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The wave optics lab sessions examine interference phenomena using Michelson and Fabry-Pérot interferometers as applications of high-resolution spectroscopy. (Lab sessions on the Michelson interferometer and the Fabry-Pérot interferometer)
Interference phenomena are also recorded on holographic plates for the reconstruction and study of holograms. (Holography Lab)
Light polarization is studied and serves as a basis for investigating birefringent materials (such as calcite), liquid crystals, and isotropic materials under stress (induced birefringence)... (Birefringence Lab)
The emission of electromagnetic waves by heated objects is studied in black-body lab exercises. The temperature of various hot objects is determined using a pyrometer, spectroscopy, and an infrared camera (for the human body, for example).
Lasers are also studied, including their emission and their longitudinal and transverse modes, either in a "fixed" cavity or in an open, adjustable cavity. (HeNe Laser Lab I and II)
The propagation speed of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic wave is measured by determining the phase shift in its modulation caused by its propagation. (Lab: Speed of Light)
Objects are analyzed using Fourier optics, which, after filtering, allows certain details to be highlighted or concealed. The study is also compared to digital Fourier filtering (TP strioscopy).
Finally, the property of certain substances—when subjected to a magnetic field—to deflect the plane of polarization of light passing through them is studied in the Faraday effect lab.
Hydrodynamics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
This course aims to introduce the fundamentals of physical hydrodynamics. The kinematic aspects are covered first: Eulerian and Lagrangian formalisms, analysis of the motion of a fluid volume element, introduction to the stream and potential velocity functions, and applications to various types of flows. In the next section on fluid dynamics, we derive Euler’s equation and Bernoulli’s equation for the flow of ideal fluids, followed by the Navier-Stokes equation describing the flow of Newtonian viscous fluids. This section will lead us to define the stress tensor as well as the Reynolds number, which allows us to determine whether a flow is laminar or turbulent. The course concludes with an introduction to the mechanics of deformable solids: displacement field, strain tensor, and deformation tensor.
Supervised Projects, Semester 6
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
4 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
36h
The supervised project is an experimental or numerical simulation project carried out in groups of three students. It takes place in a lab, focusing on one of the many physics and chemistry topics offered. It exposes students to the project-based approach and draws on their creativity, initiative, independence, and attention to detail in conducting experiments. The project concludes with a report and a presentation, which are first evaluated by peers and then by a panel of judges.
Simulation Tools
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
3 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
27h
This module will cover selected methods in numerical physics with applications relevant to the Fundamental Physics track. After a review of programming with Python 3, we will study numerical algorithms for solving nonlinear equations, ordinary differential equations, and systems of linear equations. A major part of the module will focus on numerical linear algebra and its applications in physics and numerical analysis. Finally, an introduction to formal computation systems is planned.
Quantum Mechanics
Level of Education
Bachelor's degree (BAC +3)
ECTS
5 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Number of hours
45h
In this course, we will build upon the basic concepts previously covered in Quantum Mechanics in Semester 5. The course is organized around the following main topics: extension of the wave mechanics formalism, angular momentum theory, the hydrogen atom, perturbations, and an introduction to relativistic quantum mechanics.
Complex Analysis
ECTS
6 credits
Training Structure
College of Sciences
Time of year
Spring
Introduce the basic tools of complex analysis.