Physics and Engineering of Materials for Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (PHYMATECH)

This module is devoted to the basics of physics and technology of semiconductor based components. The major part of the UE is devoted to the physics of the component. Based on the equations that describe the properties of materials, the main cases of junctions are examined (p/n, metal/SC, MIS). Based on this knowledge, the operation of elementary components (diodes, transistors) is explained. In the second part, the first bricks of the process technology of components manufacturing are presented.

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English tutorials for students in the Master 1 Physics program who are aiming for professional autonomy in scientific English.

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This teaching is part of the foundation of modern physics. It provides a foundation of knowledge that is strictly necessary for all courses in physics since it lays the foundation for the theoretical description of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and elementary quantum elements such as two-level systems, atoms and molecules. It also provides the necessary teaching for the understanding of LASER, modern optical devices, and spectroscopic methods and analyses.

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This module aims to allow students to confront the experimental reality with their theoretical knowledge. Particular attention is paid to the writing of results and their presentation in the form of oral communication. The work is organized in eight-hour sessions for which a theme is chosen by the students. They record their results and analyses in an experimental notebook based on the model of the protocols used in laboratories. At the end of the semester, the student chooses a theme, which he develops in the form of a final report that he presents orally. This teaching is a preparation for the internships carried out by the students during their studies.

Examples of experiments available: optical spectroscopy (IR, Visible), gamma, X-ray, acoustic; low temperature photoluminescence; near field spectroscopy (AFM, STM); electron microscopy...

The panel of experiments proposed covers the fields of physics taught in the different Physics courses. The student has to choose among the different experiments those which seem to him the closest to his interests. An important effort is made to integrate the new technologies of data acquisition and the use of computer tools in order to compare experiment and theory.

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Through two particular examples (X-ray diffraction and vibrations), this module shows in detail how to model the physical properties of a solid. The formalism will also be applied to finite systems, such as nanoparticles, and will remain valid for amorphous materials, but special attention will be given to periodic systems (from linear chains to protein crystals, including graphene and silicon). Associated to this periodicity will naturally appear the notion of reciprocal network.

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This UE includes a refresher and deepening of programming techniques as well as an introduction to numerical physics. We will start with a review of procedural programming with the Python 3 language. Then we will take an in-depth look at numerical methods relevant to physics, studying a selection of classical algorithms from numerical analysis and applying them to physical problems.

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The course "Condensed Matter Physics 2: Electronic Properties" is intended for students interested in solid state physics.

In the continuity of the course "Condensed Matter Physics 1: structural properties" this course deals with the properties of electrons in crystalline solids, the band structure of electronic levels and the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.

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Current experimental physics generally requires the implementation of a more or less complex acquisition chain involving different types of instruments: sources, sensors, actuators, etc. and controller (computer type). The objective of this course is to familiarize students with this type of problem so that they can set up such a data acquisition system. At the controller level, the control part will be implemented in Python (in particular with the PyVisa library).  

- Presentation of the most common communication interfaces/ports: serial (RS-232, USB), parallel (GPIB) or network (Ethernet) (CM).

- Implementation of simple examples of communication, device settings and data acquisition (TD).

- Development of a more complete acquisition chain, via projects (TP). 

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This module is devoted to the physical understanding of the processes of light emission and absorption in semiconductor devices, and to the technologies used to manufacture such devices. These issues are concretized in the clean room project, with the realization and characterization of an opto-electronic component.

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Knowing how to acquire and process data is an essential skill in a professional scientific and/or technical context. The objective of this course is to address three types of standard know-how in the professional environment:

- Advanced use of spreadsheets/plotters (MS EXCEL, LO-CALC) for scientific and technical use

- Network interconnections: infrastructure, TCP-IP protocol suite, security

- Introduction to relational databases (MS ACCESS, LO-BASE) - concepts & vocabulary, creating queries, graphical reports, forms.

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Initiation to research in a university laboratory

Dates: May-June

Duration: 7 weeks minimum, extendable in July

Prior to the internship, the analysis of an article proposed by the internship tutors prepares the student for the theme of the internship and for the in-depth reading of scientific publications.

After the internship, as part of a peer evaluation process, the student submits his or her written report and oral presentation to the critical eye of other students, who are responsible for improving them accordingly before their final presentation to the internship jury.

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This course is designed to give students skills in the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in order to simulate complex quantum well structures. The course starts with the study of situations where the solution is analytical, then situations where the solution is semi-analytical before attacking on the finite difference method FD. Different FD schemes are proposed with, each time, an evaluation of the convergence according to different key parameters (truncation of the domain, number of samples...). Finally, examples of concrete physical applications are studied.    

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Third and last part of the courses dedicated to the elaboration processes of micro, nano- and opto-electronic devices. The last technological building blocks not yet covered in the previous semesters are presented in detail. The modeling and simulation of technological processes is predominant, as an introduction to TCAD solutions. Finally, the synthesis of all these teachings is carried out in a concrete way with the sequence of all these technological steps in order to realize discrete and integrated components, from wafer to packaged devices.

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This course presents the physical properties of different nanostructures such as quantum wells, 1D photonic crystals, carbon nanotubes or graphene. Electronic (structure and transport), vibrational and optical properties are discussed as well as radiation-matter interaction.

The aim is to describe the elaboration of low dimensional materials, the associated electronic, photonic and phononic structures, to study the transport phenomena, the electron-photon and electron-phonon couplings, the excitons as well as the absorption, emission and diffusion of light.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, aiming at professional insertion in English in a contemporary context.

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This module is an opportunity for students to discover the specificities of the working world and to prepare themselves to enter it under the best possible conditions, notably through sharing experiences with professional speakers. Students practice applying for a job in a methodical way, optimizing the analysis of the offer, the targeted writing of the CV and the cover letter, the preparation of the job interview (role plays, simulations).

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Design of experiments are part of the quality approach. It is a method of conducting tests and analyzing data that saves time and money. This is why it is very useful in the industry.

The emphasis is on understanding the basics.

It is an interactive course, with an approach by example.

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This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, ...) of condensed matter:

• X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
• optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
• local probe microscopies

  This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, ...) of condensed matter:

  • X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
  • optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
  • local probe microscopies

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End of course internship in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) is intended to demonstrate the student's ability to occupy executive-level positions (engineer or researcher-doctorate), or to pursue a thesis, in the areas of competence of the training.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending before August 31.

End of course internship in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) is intended to demonstrate the student's ability to occupy executive-level positions (engineer or researcher-doctorate), or to pursue a thesis, in the areas of competence of the training.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending before August 31.

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This UE is an experimental training in the main techniques of nanocharacterizations and nanotechnologies:

• AFM
• MEB
• Photoluminescence
• X-ray diffraction
• Ellipsometry
• Optical Microscopy
• Source meter
• Capacimeter
• Manufacturing processes of micro-devices in clean room

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