Physics and Materials Engineering for Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (PHYMATECH)

This module is devoted to the basics of semiconductor component physics and technology. Most of the EU is devoted to component physics. Based on the equations that describe material properties, the main cases of junctions are examined (p/n, metal/SC, MIS). Based on this knowledge, the operation of elementary components (diodes, transistors) is explained. In the second part, the first building blocks of component manufacturing process technology are presented.

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TD courses in English for students in the Master 1 Physics program, who are aiming for professional autonomy in scientific English.

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This course is part of the foundation of modern physics. It provides a foundation of knowledge that is strictly necessary for all physics courses, since it lays the foundations for the theoretical description of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and elementary quantum elements such as two-level systems, atoms and molecules. It also provides the teaching needed to understand LASER, modern optical devices and spectroscopic methods and analyses.

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The aim of this module is to enable students to compare experimental reality with their theoretical knowledge. Particular attention is paid to writing up results and presenting them orally. Work is organized in eight-hour sessions, for which students choose a theme. They record their results and analyses in an experimental notebook modelled on the protocols used in laboratories. At the end of the semester, students choose a theme, which they develop in the form of a final report that they present orally. This course prepares students for the internships they will undertake during their studies.

Examples of experiments available: optical spectroscopy (IR, Visible), gamma spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, acoustic spectroscopy; low-temperature photoluminescence; near-field spectroscopy (AFM, STM); electron microscopy...

The range of experiments on offer covers the areas of physics taught in the different Physics courses. Students are encouraged to choose the experiments that best match their interests. A major effort is made to integrate new data acquisition technologies and the use of computer tools to compare experiment and theory.

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Using two specific examples (X-ray diffraction and vibrations), this module shows in detail how to model the physical properties of a solid. The formalism will also be applied to finite systems, such as nanoparticles, and will remain valid for amorphous materials, but particular attention will be paid to periodic systems (from linear chains to protein crystals, via graphene and silicon). Associated with this periodicity will naturally appear the notion of reciprocal lattice.

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This UE includes a refresher and a deepening of programming techniques as well as an introduction to numerical physics. We'll start with a review of procedural programming with the Python 3 language. Then we'll take an in-depth look at numerical methods relevant to physics, studying a selection of classical numerical analysis algorithms and applying them to physical problems.

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Condensed Matter Physics 2: Electronic Properties" is designed for students interested in solid state physics.

Following on from "Condensed Matter Physics 1: structural properties", this course covers the properties of electrons in crystalline solids, the band structure of electronic levels and the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.

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Today's experimental physics generally requires the implementation of a more or less complex acquisition chain involving different types of instruments: sources, sensors, actuators, etc. and controller (computer type). The aim of this course is to familiarize students with this type of problem, so that they can set up such a data acquisition system. The controller part will be implemented in Python (in particular with the PyVisa library).  

- Overview of the most common communication interfaces/ports: serial (RS-232, USB), parallel (GPIB) or network (Ethernet) (CM).

- Implementation of simple examples of communication, device parameterization and data acquisition (TD).

- Development of a more complete acquisition chain, via projects (TP). 

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This module focuses on the physical understanding of light emission and absorption processes in semiconductor devices, and on the technologies used to manufacture such devices. These issues are put into practice in the cleanroom project, with the production and characterization of an optoelectronic component.

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Knowing how to acquire and process data is an essential skill in a professional scientific and/or technical context. The aim of this course is to address three types of know-how that are standard in the professional environment:

- Advanced use of spreadsheets (MS EXCEL, LO-CALC) for scientific and technical applications

- Network interconnections: infrastructures, TCP-IP protocol suite, security

- Introduction to relational databases (MS ACCESS, LO-BASE) - concepts & vocabulary, query creation, graphical reports, forms.

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Introductory research internship in a university laboratory

Dates: May-June

Duration: 7 weeks minimum, extendable in July

Prior to the internship, the analysis of an article suggested by the internship tutors prepares the student for the theme of the internship, and for in-depth reading of scientific publications.

After the internship, as part of a peer review process, students submit their written report and oral presentation to the critical eye of other students, who are responsible for improving them before they are submitted to the internship jury.

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This course is designed to give students skills in the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in order to simulate complex quantum well structures. The course begins with the study of situations where the solution is analytical, followed by situations where the solution is semi-analytical, before tackling the finite-difference method DF. Different DF schemes are proposed, each time with an evaluation of convergence as a function of various key parameters (domain truncation, number of samples, etc.). Finally, examples of concrete physical applications are studied.    

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The third and final part of the course is devoted to processes for the production of micro-, nano- and opto-electronic devices. The latest technological building blocks not covered in previous semesters are presented in detail. The modeling and simulation of technological processes is a key aspect, as an introduction to TCAD solutions. Finally, all these lessons are synthesized in a concrete way, with the sequence of all these technological stages leading to the production of discrete and integrated components, from wafer to packaged device.

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This EU course presents the physical properties of various nanostructures such as quantum wells, 1D photonic crystals, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Electronic (structure and transport), vibrational and optical properties are covered, as well as radiation-matter interaction.

The aim is to describe the development of low-dimensional materials, the associated electronic, photonic and phononic structures, and to study transport phenomena, electron-photon and electron-phonon couplings, excitons, and the absorption, emission and scattering of light.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, who want to work in English in a contemporary context.

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This module is an opportunity for students to discover the specifics of the world of work and prepare to enter it under the best possible conditions, notably through experience-sharing with speakers from the professional world. Students learn how to put together a successful job application, optimizing the analysis of the job offer, writing a targeted CV and cover letter, and preparing for the job interview (role-playing, simulations).

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Design of experiments is part of the quality approach. It's a time- and money-saving method of conducting tests and analyzing data. That's why it's so useful in industry.

The emphasis is on understanding the basics.

It's an interactive course, with a hands-on approach.

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The aim of this module is to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

• X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
• optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
• local probe microscopy

  The aim of this module is to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

  • X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
  • optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
  • local probe microscopy

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End-of-course internship in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) is intended to demonstrate the student's ability to take up executive-level positions (engineer or doctoral researcher), or to pursue a thesis, in the areas of expertise covered by the course.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending before August 31.

End-of-course internship in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) is intended to demonstrate the student's ability to take up executive-level positions (engineer or doctoral researcher), or to pursue a thesis, in the areas of expertise covered by the course.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending before August 31.

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This course provides experimental training in the main nanocharacterization and nanotechnology techniques:

• AFM
• MEB
• Photoluminescence
• X-ray diffraction
• Ellipsometry
• Optical Microscopy
• Sourcemeter
• Capacimeter
• Cleanroom micro-device manufacturing processes

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