Physics and Materials Engineering for Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (PHYMATECH)

This module covers the fundamentals of physics and technology of semiconductor-based components. Most of the course focuses on component physics. Based on equations describing material properties, the main types of junctions are examined (p/n, metal/SC, MIS). Based on this knowledge, the operation of elementary components (diodes, transistors) is explained. In the second part, the first building blocks of component manufacturing process technology are presented.

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English tutorial course for students enrolled in the Master 1 Physics program who wish to become proficient in scientific English.

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This course is part of the foundation of modern physics. It provides a foundation of knowledge that is essential for all physics courses, as it lays the groundwork for the theoretical description of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and elementary quantum elements such as two-level systems, atoms, and molecules. It also provides the necessary knowledge for understanding LASERs, modern optical devices, and spectroscopic methods and analyses.

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The aim of this module is to enable students to compare experimental reality with their theoretical knowledge. Particular attention is paid to writing up results and presenting them in the form of oral presentations. The work is organized into eight-hour sessions for which a topic is chosen by the students. They record their results and analyses in a laboratory notebook based on the protocols used in laboratories. At the end of the semester, students choose a topic, which they develop in the form of a final report that they defend orally. This course prepares students for the internships they will undertake during their studies.

Examples of experiments available: optical spectroscopy (IR, visible), gamma, X-ray, acoustic; low-temperature photoluminescence; near-field spectroscopy (AFM, STM); electron microscopy...

The range of experiments on offer covers the areas of physics taught in the various physics courses. Students must choose from among the different experiments those that seem most relevant to their interests. A significant effort has been made to integrate new data acquisition technologies and the use of computer tools in order to compare experiment and theory.

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Through two specific examples (X-ray diffraction and vibrations), this module shows in detail how the physical properties of a solid are modeled. The formalism will also be applied to finite systems, such as nanoparticles, and will remain valid for amorphous materials, but particular attention will be paid to periodic systems (from linear chains to protein crystals, graphene, and silicon). Associated with this periodicity, the notion of reciprocal lattices will naturally arise.

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This course includes an upgrade and deepening of programming techniques as well as an introduction to computational physics. We will begin with a review of procedural programming using the Python 3 language. We will then take an in-depth look at numerical methods relevant to physics, studying a selection of classic algorithms from numerical analysis and applying them to physical problems.

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The EU "Condensed Matter Physics 2: Electronic Properties" is intended for students interested in solid-state physics.

Following on from the course unit "Condensed Matter Physics 1: Structural Properties," this course unit addresses the properties of electrons in crystalline solids, the band structure of electronic levels, and the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.

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Current experimental physics generally requires the implementation of a more or less complex acquisition chain involving different types of instruments: sources, sensors, actuators, etc., and a controller (such as a computer). The objective of this course unit is to familiarize students with this type of issue so that they can set up such a data acquisition system. At the controller level, the control part will be implemented in Python (in particular with the PyVisa library).  

- Presentation of the most common communication interfaces/ports: serial (RS-232, USB), parallel (GPIB), and network (Ethernet) (CM).

- Implementation of simple examples of communication, device configuration, and data acquisition (tutorial).

- Development of a more comprehensive acquisition chain through projects (practical work). 

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This module focuses on understanding the physical processes involved in light emission and absorption in semiconductor devices, as well as the technologies used to manufacture such devices. These issues are addressed in the clean room project, which involves the production and characterization of an optoelectronic component.

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Knowing how to acquire and process data are essential skills in a scientific and/or technical professional context. The objective of this course is to address three types of standard skills in the professional environment:

· Advanced use of spreadsheets/graphing software (MS EXCEL, LO-CALC) for scientific and technical purposes

· Network interconnections: infrastructure, TCP/IP protocol suite, security

· Introduction to relational databases (MS ACCESS, LO-BASE) – concepts & vocabulary, creating queries, graphical reports, forms.

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Introductory research internship in a university laboratory

Dates: May-June

Duration: 7 weeks minimum, extendable in July

Prior to the internship, students analyze an article suggested by their internship supervisors to prepare them for the internship topic and for in-depth reading of scientific publications.

After the internship, as part of a peer review process, students submit their written reports and oral presentations for critical review by other students, who are responsible for helping them improve their work before it is finally submitted to the internship jury.

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This course is designed to provide students with skills in the field of numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in order to simulate complex quantum well structures. The course begins by studying situations where the solution is analytical, then situations where the solution is semi-analytical, before moving on to the finite difference (FD) method. Various FD schemes are proposed, each with an evaluation of convergence based on different key parameters (domain truncation, number of samples, etc.). Finally, examples of concrete physical applications are studied.    

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Third and final part of the course devoted to micro, nano, and optoelectronic device fabrication processes. The latest technological building blocks not yet covered in previous semesters are presented in detail. The modeling and simulation aspects of technological processes are emphasized, as an introduction to TCAD solutions. Finally, all of these lessons are synthesized in a practical manner, with a sequence of all of these technological steps in order to produce discrete and integrated components, from wafers to packaged devices.

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This EU presents the physical properties of different nanostructures such as quantum wells, 1D photonic crystals, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Electronic (structure and transport), vibrational, and optical properties are discussed, as well as radiation-matter interaction.

This will involve describing the development of low-dimensional materials and the associated electronic, photonic, and phononic structures, studying transport phenomena, electron-photon and electron-phonon couplings, excitons, and the absorption, emission, and scattering of light.

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English tutorial course for students enrolled in the Master 2 Physics program who are seeking professional integration in English in a contemporary context.

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This module gives students the opportunity to discover the specifics of the world of work and prepare themselves to enter it in the best possible conditions, in particular through sharing experiences with professionals from the field. Students practice how to successfully apply for a job, using a methodical approach, optimizing their analysis of the job offer, writing a targeted resume and cover letter, and preparing for the job interview (role-playing, simulations).

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Design of experiments is part of the quality process. It is a method of conducting tests and analyzing data that saves time and money. That is why it is very useful in industry.

The emphasis is on understanding the basics.

It is an interactive course, with an example-based approach.

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This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques used to characterize the structure (in volume and on the surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

• X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
• optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
• local probe microscopy

  This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques used to characterize the structure (in volume and on the surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

  • X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
  • optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
  • local probe microscopy

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End-of-course internship, in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) aims to demonstrate the student's ability to perform executive-level duties (engineer or doctoral researcher) or to pursue a thesis in the areas of expertise covered by the program.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending no later than August 31.

End-of-course internship, in a company or university laboratory

This significant professional experience (up to six months) aims to demonstrate the student's ability to perform executive-level duties (engineer or doctoral researcher) or to pursue a thesis in the areas of expertise covered by the program.

Start date: February

Duration: four to six months, ending no later than August 31.

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This course is an experimental training program in the main techniques of nanocaracterization and nanotechnology:

• AFM
• SEM
• Photoluminescence
• X-ray diffraction
• Ellipsometry
• Optical Microscopy
• Source meter
• Capacitance meter
• Processes for manufacturing microdevices in clean rooms

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