M1 - Physics and Materials Engineering for Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (PHYMATECH)

This module is devoted to the basics of semiconductor component physics and technology. Most of the EU is devoted to component physics. Based on the equations that describe material properties, the main cases of junctions are examined (p/n, metal/SC, MIS). Based on this knowledge, the operation of elementary components (diodes, transistors) is explained. In the second part, the first building blocks of component manufacturing process technology are presented.

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TD courses in English for students in the Master 1 Physics program, who are aiming for professional autonomy in scientific English.

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This course is part of the foundation of modern physics. It provides a foundation of knowledge that is strictly necessary for all physics courses, since it lays the foundations for the theoretical description of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and elementary quantum elements such as two-level systems, atoms and molecules. It also provides the teaching needed to understand LASER, modern optical devices and spectroscopic methods and analyses.

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The aim of this module is to enable students to compare experimental reality with their theoretical knowledge. Particular attention is paid to writing up results and presenting them orally. Work is organized in eight-hour sessions, for which students choose a theme. They record their results and analyses in an experimental notebook modelled on the protocols used in laboratories. At the end of the semester, students choose a theme, which they develop in the form of a final report that they present orally. This course prepares students for the internships they will undertake during their studies.

Examples of experiments available: optical spectroscopy (IR, Visible), gamma spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, acoustic spectroscopy; low-temperature photoluminescence; near-field spectroscopy (AFM, STM); electron microscopy...

The range of experiments on offer covers the areas of physics taught in the different Physics courses. Students are encouraged to choose the experiments that best match their interests. A major effort is made to integrate new data acquisition technologies and the use of computer tools to compare experiment and theory.

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Using two specific examples (X-ray diffraction and vibrations), this module shows in detail how to model the physical properties of a solid. The formalism will also be applied to finite systems, such as nanoparticles, and will remain valid for amorphous materials, but particular attention will be paid to periodic systems (from linear chains to protein crystals, via graphene and silicon). Associated with this periodicity will naturally appear the notion of reciprocal lattice.

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This UE includes a refresher and a deepening of programming techniques as well as an introduction to numerical physics. We'll start with a review of procedural programming with the Python 3 language. Then we'll take an in-depth look at numerical methods relevant to physics, studying a selection of classical numerical analysis algorithms and applying them to physical problems.

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Condensed Matter Physics 2: Electronic Properties" is designed for students interested in solid state physics.

Following on from "Condensed Matter Physics 1: structural properties", this course covers the properties of electrons in crystalline solids, the band structure of electronic levels and the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.

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Today's experimental physics generally requires the implementation of a more or less complex acquisition chain involving different types of instruments: sources, sensors, actuators, etc. and controller (computer type). The aim of this course is to familiarize students with this type of problem, so that they can set up such a data acquisition system. The controller part will be implemented in Python (in particular with the PyVisa library).  

- Overview of the most common communication interfaces/ports: serial (RS-232, USB), parallel (GPIB) or network (Ethernet) (CM).

- Implementation of simple examples of communication, device parameterization and data acquisition (TD).

- Development of a more complete acquisition chain, via projects (TP). 

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This module focuses on the physical understanding of light emission and absorption processes in semiconductor devices, and on the technologies used to manufacture such devices. These issues are put into practice in the cleanroom project, with the production and characterization of an optoelectronic component.

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Knowing how to acquire and process data is an essential skill in a professional scientific and/or technical context. The aim of this course is to address three types of know-how that are standard in the professional environment:

- Advanced use of spreadsheets (MS EXCEL, LO-CALC) for scientific and technical applications

- Network interconnections: infrastructures, TCP-IP protocol suite, security

- Introduction to relational databases (MS ACCESS, LO-BASE) - concepts & vocabulary, query creation, graphical reports, forms.

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Introductory research internship in a university laboratory

Dates: May-June

Duration: 7 weeks minimum, extendable in July

Prior to the internship, the analysis of an article suggested by the internship tutors prepares the student for the theme of the internship, and for in-depth reading of scientific publications.

After the internship, as part of a peer review process, students submit their written report and oral presentation to the critical eye of other students, who are responsible for improving them before they are submitted to the internship jury.

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