Sensors, Electronics and Connected Objects

The module will cover the following:

• Link transfer function and differential equation
• Continuous state representation and feedback (eigenvalues, stability)
• Representation and Sampled State Feedback
• Status feedback control without and with full loopback, LQR control
• State Observers
• Non-linear control with examples

Practical work: implementation of knowledge on real examples (e.g. electric motors), programming in python (numpy and control libraries).

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This course supplements basic training in signal processing with in-depth knowledge of deterministic or random digital signals. This knowledge is indispensable in all engineering sciences, as digital signal processing is currently used in the majority of applications.

The first part (10:30 h lecture, 6 h hands-on) covers the sampling and quantization of continuous signals, and the relationship between digital signals and the original continuous signal. We define the discrete Fourier transform of digital signals, its estimation and its use on real deterministic signals.

The second part of the course (9h Lecture, 4h30 TD, 3h TP) is dedicated to random signals and how the properties of certain random signals can be used either to reduce the random part of a signal whose deterministic part we wish to emphasize (filtering, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) or to improve the transmission of information or identify complex linearized systems.

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• This teaching unit complements the basic training in analogue electronics with in-depth knowledge of signal filtering, amplification and modulation. This knowledge is essential for the understanding and realization of analog electronic systems in all fields of engineering sciences.
• Teaching is organized in the form of lectures, tutorials and practical work opening the possibility of mini-projects.

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This teaching unit, dedicated to the basics of digital electronics, is structured in an original way around a technical project, carried out individually or in pairs, the progress of which will follow the progress of the associated courses.

Each project topic will be assigned at the beginning of the teaching unit.

The main notions of digital electronics will be deepened through lectures and practical work may complement the theoretical aspects to guide the progress of the project.

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This teaching unit is made up of several parts, the first of which deals with the structures of the power electronics necessary to power an electronic system. The second will focus on the current or voltage regulation of these structures. A third part will focus on the conversion functions required to control MCC and DC Brushless actuators.

The last part presents actuator topologies for robotics and their implementation. The regulation of a DC motor and the self-pilot control of a synchronous motor will illustrate this last part.

Practical work will be carried out to observe the principle and implementation of regulated systems for electronics and actuators. This UE can be the support of the M1 project subjects.

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Computer engineering is the discipline that deals with the design, development and manufacture of computer systems, both from a hardware and software point of view.

This discipline has become fundamental in engineering sciences, whether in electronics, robotics, signal processing, measurement, etc. due to the important role that the computer has taken in all these areas.

This module aims to lead students to develop computer code in a volume corresponding to the scale of a complete software. The amount of code associated with it naturally creates a need to structure the code to keep it viable, and the concepts associated with structuring the code will therefore be addressed or reinforced.
Teaching is therefore mainly organised around practical work and projects. The context largely concerns deep themes of the EEA: signal processing (acquisition chain), instrument interfacing, and data transmission via the Internet on an embedded Linux platform. The topic of event-based programming through the development of graphical interfaces will also be addressed. The languages serving as support will be Labview and Python. Portions of C/C++ can be used at the initiative of the students in the projects.

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- Controller Summary.

- Robust synthesis and contingency management.

- Representation and synthesis of synchronous machines.

- Description/synthesis language.

- The basics of the VHDL language (entity, architecture, ...).

- Behavioral and structural descriptions.

- Simulation (Testbench).

- Reprogrammable circuits (CPLD, FPGA).

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability.

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The internship or end-of-study project must highlight the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability:

• Internship of 2 to 3 months (maximum 5 months) to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company;
• or 3-month end-of-study project in a research laboratory or in a teaching project room.

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Description* :

1 - The aim is to allow students to understand the importance of a well-prepared application that is in line with an internship or job advertisement or in connection with the activities of a professional structure in the case of an unsolicited application; write CVs and cover letters; to know oneself better in terms of personality; use new technologies (social networks and job boards) and orient their research according to their professional project. Finally, to know how to prepare and behave during job interviews.

2 - It is a question of allowing students to write a scientific article following the completion of a project. To do this, they must know the objectives and characteristics, the plan to be applied, the different stages of implementation and the rules of presentation. Then, to present their project orally, students must know and be able to apply the general presentation structure; define appropriate and relevant visual aids; respect the rules of oral expression in order to express oneself correctly and in a professional manner (vocabulary, syntax, etc.); adopt behaviours that energize the discourse and allow you to hook your audience.

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Acquire the theoretical and practical bases in the field of sensors (vocabulary, definitions, constitution, implementation, instrumentation), but also on capacitive, inductive and resistive measurement. The application of these measurement techniques will be done on temperature, humidity, strain and displacement sensors. In addition, packaging electronics and the instrumental chain will be addressed, with a focus on wireless transmission through the technologies used in connected objects (Wifi, Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, Lora, RFID).

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Manufacturing processes

- Notion of technological stages

- Manufacturing masks

Analog circuit design :

- Basic CMOS cells

- CMOS amplifiers: 1-stage, 2-stage, 3-stage; advanced structures

- Electrical simulation of cells and AOPs

Digital circuit design :

- Simple logic gates - Complex ANDORI gates

- Domino logic

- Speed optimization

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The course progressively presents the main physical phenomena that allow us to understand the functioning of electronic components and their use in electronic circuits. The first part introduces the physics of semiconductor materials and then deals with the characteristics of equilibrium materials in the second part. The third part presents the main phenomena of electronic transport. Finally, the fourth and fifth parts present the most important electronic components: diodes and transistors.

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This teaching unit, dedicated to sensor manufacturing methods, is structured around a technological project, carried out in pairs, whose progress will follow the progression of the associated courses.

Each project topic will be assigned at the beginning of the teaching unit.

The proposed projects will focus on the fabrication and characterization of elementary microsystems. The main fabrication and characterization techniques will be presented in lectures, and practical work will be carried out as the project progresses.

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Acquire the theoretical and practical foundations in the field of thermal, mechanical, acoustic and optical sensors. To set up these sensors within an automated instrumentation chain.

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This course covers a wide range of knowledge from the foundations of Boolean logic to Systems-on-Chips (SoC) architecture, logical synthesis flows, processor architecture, and the basics of embedded software. VHDL, a material description language, also occupies an important place in this UE and will be studied in class and used in practical work, as well as in the framework of an "Embedded Systems" project.

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This course covers a wide range of topics ranging from fundamentals of Boolean logic to digital SoC (Systems-on-Chips) architecture, including digital design flows, computer architecture and embedded software basics. VHDL will be studied in this lecture, for both logic synthesis and modelling / simulation purposes. Labs include hands-on VHDL exercices (design of a simple stack processor), and an "Embedded system" student project makes it possible to deepen knowledge in the area.

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This course is divided into three parts, including the IOT part which will be done by an industrialist in the field.

Wireless sensors

- Different types of wirelessly connected sensors,

- Reminder on communications

(Technologies, associated electronics, how to make a choice according to the specifications)

- RFID and sensors.

- Sensor networks

(General, physical layer and hardware architecture, example of the Internet of Things).

- A mini project will be proposed.

Internet of Things (IoT) part

- Description of connected objects

- Communication protocols: BLE, Lora, NB IoT, 5G

- IoT Electronic Architecture

- Consumption management

- Definition of antenna and range of systems

- Applications (autonomous car, smart building, digital factory)

LabVIEW Part

- Summary of LabVIEW Basics

- Project management, executable generation, advanced programming (events, execution speed, memory management, waveform manipulation, etc.)

- Advanced acquisition techniques, implementation of signal processing libraries

- Internet tools (mail, web, remote control, etc.), Matscript/Matlab

- IMAQ Vision (real-time image and video acquisition, image processing)

- LabVIEW embedded systems programming

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- Know the characteristics of space and avionics radiation environments, large quantities, and the interaction between radiation and matter

- Understand and evaluate the different effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.

- Know and understand testing methods

- Understand future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, press area, nuclear dismantling, etc.

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• Know the characteristics of space and avionics radiative environments, important quantities and radiation matter interaction
• Understand and evaluate the different effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.
• Know and understand test methods
• understand future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, newspace, nuclear dismantling, ...

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Dependability (SDF) is the science of failures. It is committed to predicting, measuring and, more broadly, controlling them. In this course, the approach and quantitative aspects of the SdF are taught.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Internship of 5 to 6 months to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Preparation for professional integration.

Teaching provided by a senior HR consultant, former HR manager of large groups, who uses her rich experience in recruitment to serve her teaching.

Pedagogical approach promoting the sharing of experience and the response to students' situations and questions.

General contributions on recruitment from A to Z, how to be more efficient in your search, vision on the approaches of final recruiters, recruitment agencies, service companies.

Simulations of recruitment interviews in small groups with personalized debriefing orchestrated by the teacher.

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

Strengthen and consolidate the achievements of Master 1.

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