M2 - Water and Society (ES)

It will be a question of studying the intervention of the territorial authorities in environmental matters and the action of the State services. For that, the competence of the territorial authorities in water management will be considered as well as the role of the structures of inter-municipal cooperation in water management and protection of the resource.

Students should have knowledge of the French jurisdictional organization, the normative hierarchy and legal balances. An introduction to legal mechanisms (notion of contract, rudiments of corporate law...) will then be useful. The use of contracts as a means of administering resources (public service delegations and public procurement) will be considered. In order for the theme of the study to be fully understood, in our region, it is essential to address the treatment of coastal waters

The study of the exercise of administrative police powers in the field of water management will be necessary to apprehend the law of ICPE and IOTA and to consider environmental territorial planning and water resource management (SDAGE, SAGE, and other schemes).

The law of watercourses in France and the study of the small and large water cycle will allow us to understand how risk planning and the implementation of what is called the GEMAPI competence have developed in recent years.

Finally, with a lawyer specialized in environmental law and particularly experienced in water resource litigation, students will be able to reflect on the mechanisms of conflict resolution.

Thus, it will be possible to question the effective participation of the public in water management, and then the recognition and the claim of the right to water and the right to sanitation

A quick look at EU water law and European environmental law will complete the training.

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Every future Master's graduate, whether in a "Professional" or "Research" profile, must master the tools and codes of effective scientific written communication. Improving one's scientific writing skills is essential to enhance one's work and communicate it to one's peers, colleagues, clients...

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Governance is a polysemous word that is used in opposition to government to indicate a less centralized form of power. The success of this term probably comes from its ambiguity. Indeed, it is a concept sometimes used to question the central executive power (monarchy, company management,...) in a context where it is perceived as hegemonic, sometimes used to claim more government, in a market context perceived as chaotic, but in which the dominant ideology is opposed to a centralized intervention. It is thus both a concept for demanding more and less government.

This course approaches governance from a critical and reflexive angle, with a historical depth that integrates the evolutionary trajectories of public action between globalization, Europeanization on the one hand, and decentralization and territorialization on the other, in contexts of growing uncertainty, global changes and transitions. In particular, it explores the following questions:

• Governance? Dominant concept, critical approach, institutional, socio-political context, emergence, evolution in a context of global changes?
• Construction of water policies and governance; Role of concepts and discourses; How can governance modes be influenced or changed? Better consideration of collective values promoted by IWRM? Importance of long time, historical depth and prospective ?
• What room for maneuver do the actors have at the local, national and international levels? What management strategies for a water territory? Illustration of the diversity of modes of governance
• Water governance: between integration and fragmentation?
• Water as an 'inter-connecting fluid' of actors and ecosystems: what governance of these interactions and their social translation?

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The three major irrigation models worldwide - large-scale irrigation, community irrigation and private irrigation - are presented in their historical context, based on an in-depth literature review and case illustrations, with a focus on the Mediterranean region.

These three different irrigation models are presented (ideology, construction, water management, agricultural development, actors, etc.) using a theoretical framework based on oxymorons. These models are then illustrated through different concrete cases, presented in PowerPoint presentations, videos and articles.

The different main references of each type of irrigation system will be presented and discussed. Each irrigation model is discussed with the students, who present their analysis through a guided exercise. Once the three irrigation models are understood, the course focuses on the analysis of rural development models related to irrigation. The analysis is based on a critical analysis of the dualist theory of development as applied to irrigation systems.

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KNOWLEDGE - To transmit knowledge (case of the Gironde), concerning :

• A - Water legislation
• B - Engineering in irrigation
• C - Evaluation and performance of water management systems
• D - Economic evaluation of public policies
• E - Management tools for economic regulation
• F - Financial management of development projects
• G - Water governance systems
• H - Environmental impact assessment methods
• I - Groundwater management

KNOW-HOW - Bringing concreteness and transmitting the view in situation of a territorial engineer through case studies to achieve, on the theme of water :

• an analysis and a territorial prospective ;
• actions of territorial conception (production with the control of the procedures, coordination in particular budgetary and piloting (relations elected) of territorial and urban projects);
• animation of territorial and urban projects (human resources management).

KNOWLEDGE - Learn to make project, while taking into account the heritage character of water and understand the jobs of a territorial engineer, which can be positioned on the following positions :

• a - Project Manager / Project Manager / Consultant / Engineer on the environment,
• b - watershed coordinator
• c - animator of SAGE, regional or national parks

I can provide a testimonial on the following trades:

• d - Water-environment officer in international organizations
• e - Environment manager in a company
• f - researcher or research engineer in environmental social sciences

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This course will cover project planning and estimation of work time per task, the SWOT matrix/sabotage exercise, risk management, organization and facilitation of meetings and oral presentation of the project. Other elements of project management can be addressed on a case-by-case basis such as financial management, the role of the project manager, relationships with partners, the use of tools such as the to-do list, Kanban, the shared calendar, etc.

In the continuity of the Project Management UE of the Master 1, the Project Management UE of the Master 2 aims at verifying the assimilation of the skills acquired the previous year and at going further by relying on a longer project (a few weeks to a few months), individual or in group, study project or personal project.

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The EU aims to provide elements to build a historical framework and analyze archives on water management.

It addresses the history of water management models, the history of hydraulic engineers and hydraulics, and the social and political history of water management in a Latin American country, Ecuador.

It also presents the departmental archive system.

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Water-related issues are often presented from a purely technical and/or functional perspective. In this perspective, it would be a matter of "well" managing the resource (in an equitable, economical, nature-friendly way, etc.) according to the available scientific knowledge. However, this way of seeing things is not very realistic. Whatever the territorial scale concerned, water management is in fact largely structured by political issues.

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This teaching, through the intervention of professionals, gives students a vision of the professions and actors of water and aquatic environments in France.

The teaching corresponds to 4 sequences with speakers from local authorities, private engineering firms and government departments.

Sequence 1: Overview of the "Large Cycle" professions: Management and protection of rivers, flood prevention and "Small Cycle": Drinking water, sanitation, rainwater. This sequence defines the professions and evokes their evolution

Sequence 2 : Presentation of the public contracting (specifications, regulations, public markets), of the project management (studies answering to the public order, groupings) and of the execution (realization and follow-up of the works)

Sequence 3 : Regulatory files, monitoring of works by the water police : Checking the conformity of development projects, repression

Sequence 4: Jobs related to the management of aquatic environments: environmental contract (management and realization of management projects) and SAGE (local water planning, monitoring, observatory, data management, popularization, relation to science).

Through these sequences, the speakers present their job and the relations with the other actors of the water management.

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This is a cross-disciplinary course that mobilizes a variety of tools and knowledge:

• in the form of a workshop,
• over a long period of time during M2: a single project organized in two complementary periods (Interdisciplinary Project 1 and Interdisciplinary Project 2) for common pedagogical objectives and skills acquisition.

It allows students to carry out an interdisciplinary project in its entirety, in the form of an interdisciplinary study relating to socio-political, economic, environmental and sanitary issues, hydrological or hydraulic modeling, risk management, etc.  

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The objective of this cross-disciplinary course is to offer students from several courses the possibility of organizing an event project on a current theme related to water, in connection with their commitments, their professional project, society's issues, and the challenges of transitions and global changes. ....

The project is led by the students, from its definition to its implementation during the event, with the punctual support of the pedagogical teams at key stages of the project.

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The objective of this course, which is shared with the post-master's specialized master's degree in "Water Management" at AgroParisTech, is to provide students with a development profile with reference points on the challenges and organization of development projects on the theme of water (drinking water, sanitation, agricultural water).

This course alternates between testimonies, feedback from experts and professional development actors on water issues and testimonies from students (Specialized Masters in Water Management) or students who already have international experience in the field of water or agriculture.

This UE is opened in option for the students of the master sciences of water according to a numerus clausus of students.

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We often approach water resources and their management through knowledge and principles established in developed countries of the temperate zone. However, the countries of the South, starting with the Mediterranean and Africa, offer us an extreme diversity of social and environmental situations that force us to significantly modify our points of view and to question the validity of certain approaches that are too far removed from the reality of the field.

Researchers working mainly in southern countries use their concrete experiences to reflect on the specificity of hydrological and geochemical processes in very dry or very wet tropical regions, the consequences of anthropization and the challenges of sustainable management of water resources.

A significant amount of time is devoted to the critical analysis of scientific articles dealing with water resources and their management in the South.

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The objective of this course is to present the current and future impacts on all sectors associated with water.

What is the evolution of all the climatic extremes such as droughts or floods, and of the regions impacted by these extremes? How does this impact on groundwater and surface water resources, on agricultural surfaces and irrigation methods?

What evolution on the rise of sea water and on the coastline? How does this impact the movement of current and future populations, what solution to propose on the management of the coastline ...?

Through various conferences given by specialists in different fields, and affecting all the courses of the Master Water, this EU will present the latest advances on this subject.

Through the sessions of TD and TP, the students will be brought to work in group on a topic in particular (this through an example) associating Climate Change with a domain of Water, to present in a synthetic way this subject. This work will be presented in the form of a mini-seminar, and will be the subject of the evaluation of this UE.

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The objective of this cross-disciplinary course is to offer students from several courses the possibility of organizing an event project on a current theme related to water, in connection with their commitments, their professional project, society's issues, and the challenges of transitions and global changes. ....

The project is led by the students, from its definition to its implementation during the event, with the punctual support of the pedagogical teams at key stages of the project.

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The objective of this course, which is shared with the post-master's specialized master's degree in "Water Management" at AgroParisTech, is to provide students with a development profile with reference points on the challenges and organization of development projects on the theme of water (drinking water, sanitation, agricultural water).

This course alternates between testimonies, feedback from experts and professional development actors on water issues and testimonies from students (Specialized Masters in Water Management) or students who already have international experience in the field of water or agriculture.

This UE is opened in option for the students of the master sciences of water according to a numerus clausus of students.

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We often approach water resources and their management through knowledge and principles established in developed countries of the temperate zone. However, the countries of the South, starting with the Mediterranean and Africa, offer us an extreme diversity of social and environmental situations that force us to significantly modify our points of view and to question the validity of certain approaches that are too far removed from the reality of the field.

Researchers working mainly in southern countries use their concrete experiences to reflect on the specificity of hydrological and geochemical processes in very dry or very wet tropical regions, the consequences of anthropization and the challenges of sustainable management of water resources.

A significant amount of time is devoted to the critical analysis of scientific articles dealing with water resources and their management in the South.

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The issue at stake in the EIT is the sustainability of water resources linked to the evolution of uses in a North or South climate context subject to climatic changes and marked uses, notably agricultural.

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