M1 - Water and Agriculture (EA) - APPRENTICESHIP

Project management encompasses all the methods, tools, and techniques used to organize the execution of a project and achieve its objectives, from the initial concept through to completion.

Practical, real-world scenarios will be incorporated through exercises or case studies to help students develop the right habits and learn how to use project management tools.

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The EU Bibliographic Project consists of training in literature review, including the use of search engines, databases, and bibliographic reference management tools. Students work in pairs on a topic they have chosen themselves, related to their field of study. This literature review culminates in the preparation of a summary and a poster.

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Program:

• A Review of Soil Physics
• General Principles of Hydrostatics (concepts of adsorption, capillarity, and water energy potentials; principles of conservation of matter; soil retention curves)
• Flow in saturated and unsaturated soils (Darcy's law, Richards' equation, etc.)
• Concepts in the Numerical Solution of the Richards Equation
• Dynamics of Water Flow in the Field
• Methodology for Measuring the Hydrodynamic Properties of Soils

The EU places significant emphasis on guided instruction and hands-on exercises. Experiments will be conducted during sessions on agricultural plots. Calculation and simple modeling exercises will be carried out to illustrate the numerical application of all the physical concepts presented in lectures.  The examples covered in these exercises will be based, on the one hand, on these experimental results and, on the other hand, on specific problems encountered in the agricultural sector. 

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The EU draws on fundamental principles of physics (conservation of mass, energy, and momentum) to address issues related to river hydraulics (flood management, habitats, ecological continuity) and water transport networks (irrigation, drainage, and wastewater treatment).
The coursework relies heavily on experiments conducted at Supagro’s hydraulic testing facility, where students study uniform flow, flow through control structures, and transitional flow regimes. The analysis of these processes requires students to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the module, as well as problem-solving tools, to diagnose real-world situations. 

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English tutorial course for students in the Water Sciences program who are working toward professional proficiency in English.

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The EU curriculum is organized into 6 course modules:
- Climate: meteorological variables, major climates of the Earth
- Surface energy balance: radiative, conductive, and convective fluxes, surface energy balance,
reference evapotranspiration (Penman and Penman-Monteith methods)
- Plants: growth and development cycle, phenology, geometric structure, photosynthesis, root system,
water in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
- Crop models:
-Monteith approach, water constraints
- Impact of climate change on agriculture

Objectives*:

The objective of this module is to provide the theoretical foundations for understanding the influence of climate on crop pro
. The targeted competencies include knowledge of the fundamentals
of ecophysiology and the relationships between climate, water, and crop production.

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This course introduces students to contaminants in the aquatic environment, which is essential for assessing risks to human and ecosystem health and for managing water resources. For this reason, the curriculum includes an overview of the various contaminants found in the aquatic environment and the relevant regulations.

The courses in this module are taught by faculty members and researchers (this is a multidisciplinary module) whose research focuses on issues related to contaminants in aquatic environments.

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The course primarily consists of a detailed overview of the fundamentals of land-use planning: The main legal frameworks and their constant evolution (codes, laws, regulations), as well as the “  doctrines  ” that shape their implementation, as well as the various technical “tools”—whether procedures or the preparation of applications (urban planning documents, or public or private construction or development projects). The tools and conditions for dialogue and coordination (examination of the various methods), as well as the land management approaches (land management and the tools for managing it), and the assessment of the various issues (financial, socioeconomic, and political), and finally, the decision-making . The various aspects mentioned above are highlighted as factors that determine the success—and thus the successful spatial implementation—of all development projects, regardless of their nature and scale .

Designed to cover all regions, the module also aims to focus on issues specific to coastal and similar areas. Because coastal zones have unique characteristics, a specific approach to these areas is essential to complement general approaches (the Coastal Zone Act, the Water Act, easements, and changes to regulatory frameworks and legislation).

Finally, the underlying theme of this module is the systematic exploration of the many debates and issues involved in the confrontation between the emergency (or priority) socioeconomic and the environmental environmental , with an understanding of the trade-offs and constant adjustments that this tension gives rise to. The current urgency of the ecological and transitional crisis, as well as the acceleration of confrontations / conflicts of interest are examined and put into perspective.

With regard to the “  management  ” of territories—presented in the course title (“ From Land-Use Planning to Territorial Management”) as stemming from the land-use planning phase—this theme is also described and analyzed for each of the specific points covered under land-use planning, both as a consequence of the actions taken and as a condition for success —in the medium and long term—of projects being implemented in a territory, regardless of their scale.

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This course unit is designed to enable students to gain in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function and to identify threats and vulnerabilities in the face of local pressures and climate change.

It will also enable students to 1) understand the specific characteristics of how benthic ecosystems function and the ecological roles of their components, 2) acquire in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function, 3) gain knowledge about the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), climate change, and human activities on aquatic ecosystems, their functioning, and their components, including the associated socioeconomic repercussions. This course unit will develop monitoring networks for the marine environment and the health of harvested marine animals by addressing mortality issues.

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To present the main processes associated with liquid effluent treatment, as well as the treatment and management of the byproducts generated. This course is based on learning to conduct a comprehensive ecological assessment focused on the challenges of water resource management, wastewater, and wastewater treatment byproducts. The design and implementation of treatment processes are addressed through the context of the urban and industrial water cycle.

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Water lies at the heart of multiple and conflicting issues, visions, and interests. The interplay of these various elements raises questions about integrated water resources management (IWRM) and regulation (particularly through public policy), the balance between collective and private values, and decision-making processes concerning collective issues—in short, governance. Decentralization, water and sanitation services, basin-level management, the European Water Framework Directive, and financial flows, in particular, illustrate various facets of governance.

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The course is organized into three main sections, interspersed with tutorials focused on engineering problems. In the first section, after describing the major global water reservoirs and, in general terms, the basic principles of the water cycle, the course addresses the effects of human activities on this cycle. The second part is devoted to the atmospheric phase of the water cycle, from precipitation to infiltration. The third part focuses on aquifers and groundwater bodies, ranging from the pore scale to the watershed scale.

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The “Ocean, Atmosphere, Climate” module aims to present the fundamental principles of atmospheric dynamics and ocean dynamics and offers a critical and well-documented perspective on climate change. The course is based on the analysis of official documents describing global change, well-documented discussions of key issues, and case studies applied to various global contexts.

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This learning unit focuses on mastering communication tools for the professional world, specifically learning: -(i) how to write a resume, a cover letter, and an email for an unsolicited application; -(ii) how to introduce oneself briefly, either verbally or in writing; -(iii) how to answer interview questions and avoid common pitfalls.

Learning these tools involves a theoretical introduction to them, but also—very quickly—putting them into practice. To this end, students will work in small groups, simulating realistic situations such as job interviews and presentations. The goal is to help them master these various tools as effectively as possible.

All courses are taught in the form of lab sessions, with a particular emphasis on:

• during “reality show”-style sessions, where each participant will have to introduce themselves to the others in less than 3 minutes, will be placed in job-interview scenarios, or will have to submit unsolicited applications or give impromptu presentations.
• On workshops for writing emails, cover letters, and resumes.

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The GIS Practice course consists of training in the use of Geographic Information Systems, covering basic concepts related to geographic information and proficiency in the open-source software QGIS. The majority of the course is devoted to an introduction through a combination of lectures and hands-on exercises. A personalized capstone mapping project allows students, at the end of the course, to apply the concepts they have learned. An introductory lecture by industry professionals provides context for the relevance of GIS approaches in general hydrology.

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The module is organized into four sections. Unit 1 introduces the basic concepts and analytical frameworks for understanding a farm and its operations, including its biophysical, technical, and economic determinants. Unit 2 delves deeper into the decision-making processes that underlie the establishment and management of cropping systems on the farm. The final two units focus on the regional scale. Module 3 focuses on representing the diversity of cropping systems and farms, and its application to the analysis of the joint dynamics of agricultural land use and water resources within a region. Module 4 addresses the issue of coordinating technical choices among farms within a region, with an application to watershed management.

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English tutorial course for students in the Water Sciences program who are working toward professional proficiency in English.

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Optimized management and protection of water resources (both surface and groundwater) require consideration of water quality. The assessment of the qualitative status of water bodies—particularly in light of current legislative frameworks—is based on specific chemical and microbiological quality criteria, as well as standards tailored to the intended uses of these resources.

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As part of this course unit, students will be expected to: - (1) combine the analysis of hydrodynamic measurements with hydrochemical or geophysical data collected in situ; - (2) process and analyze this data using appropriate software; - (3) to interpret this data by integrating the knowledge acquired in the courses “Fieldwork,” “Hydrogeophysics,” “Water Quality and Microbiology,” and “Subsurface Hydrodynamics.”

This course unit will include a brief theoretical introduction, followed by hands-on instruction in a dedicated classroom (Hydraulics Hall) and a field trip designed to help students connect the various concepts of hydrodynamics and hydraulics in the context of setting up a water collection and treatment system for drinking water supply.

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This module aims to provide students with a practical understanding of the implementation of IWRM and public participation in water management through an active learning approach.

It is centered on “Cooplage,” a support system for implementing participatory approaches to water management developed by researchers at the UMR GEAU, and the associated Agreenium MOOC, Terr’eau & co.

Students will work in small groups—comprising students from different tracks within the Master’s in Water program—on case studies drawn from the instructors’ ongoing research projects. Learning will take place through the application of certain tools from the “Cooplage” program to their case studies, particularly modeling and participatory simulation in the form of role-playing. To ground their work in real-world context, students will be connected with the stakeholders involved in these case studies. 

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In Water Sciences, the use of probability and statistics for analyzing hydroclimatic and water quality data is essential. Lectures and application-based tutorials will help students brush up on their skills (covering high school and undergraduate-level problems), after which several new concepts will be introduced (including the test of conformity to a distribution).

The course is organized around the following chapters:

1. Elementary Probability Theory, Combinatorial Analysis. (Lecture 1, Tutorial 1)
2. Discrete and continuous random variables. Probability distribution and probability density function. Expectation, variance, covariance. (Lecture 2, Lab 2)
3. Simple Linear Regression (covered in Tutorial 3)
4. Multiple Linear Regression (covered in Tutorial 3)
5. Some Common Probability Distributions (Binomial, Poisson, Normal, Gamma, Gumbel) and Their Applications (Lecture 3, Lab 4)
6. Tests for Membership in a Law (covered in TD5)

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