Integrated and Embedded Electronic Systems -Apprenticeship

The module will cover the following:

• Link transfer function and differential equation
• Continuous state representation and feedback (eigenvalues, stability)
• Representation and Sampled State Feedback
• Status feedback control without and with full loopback, LQR control
• State Observers
• Non-linear control with examples

Practical work: implementation of knowledge on real examples (e.g. electric motors), programming in python (numpy and control libraries).

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This course supplements basic training in signal processing with in-depth knowledge of deterministic or random digital signals. This knowledge is indispensable in all engineering sciences, as digital signal processing is currently used in the majority of applications.

The first part (10:30 h lecture, 6 h hands-on) covers the sampling and quantization of continuous signals, and the relationship between digital signals and the original continuous signal. We define the discrete Fourier transform of digital signals, its estimation and its use on real deterministic signals.

The second part of the course (9h Lecture, 4h30 TD, 3h TP) is dedicated to random signals and how the properties of certain random signals can be used either to reduce the random part of a signal whose deterministic part we wish to emphasize (filtering, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) or to improve the transmission of information or identify complex linearized systems.

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• This teaching unit complements the basic training in analogue electronics with in-depth knowledge of signal filtering, amplification and modulation. This knowledge is essential for the understanding and realization of analog electronic systems in all fields of engineering sciences.
• Teaching is organized in the form of lectures, tutorials and practical work opening the possibility of mini-projects.

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This teaching unit, dedicated to the basics of digital electronics, is structured in an original way around a technical project, carried out individually or in pairs, the progress of which will follow the progress of the associated courses.

Each project topic will be assigned at the beginning of the teaching unit.

The main notions of digital electronics will be deepened through lectures and practical work may complement the theoretical aspects to guide the progress of the project.

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This teaching unit is made up of several parts, the first of which deals with the structures of the power electronics necessary to power an electronic system. The second will focus on the current or voltage regulation of these structures. A third part will focus on the conversion functions required to control MCC and DC Brushless actuators.

The last part presents actuator topologies for robotics and their implementation. The regulation of a DC motor and the self-pilot control of a synchronous motor will illustrate this last part.

Practical work will be carried out to observe the principle and implementation of regulated systems for electronics and actuators. This UE can be the support of the M1 project subjects.

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Computer engineering is the discipline that deals with the design, development and manufacture of computer systems, both from a hardware and software point of view.

This discipline has become fundamental in engineering sciences, whether in electronics, robotics, signal processing, measurement, etc. due to the important role that the computer has taken in all these areas.

This module aims to lead students to develop computer code in a volume corresponding to the scale of a complete software. The amount of code associated with it naturally creates a need to structure the code to keep it viable, and the concepts associated with structuring the code will therefore be addressed or reinforced.
Teaching is therefore mainly organised around practical work and projects. The context largely concerns deep themes of the EEA: signal processing (acquisition chain), instrument interfacing, and data transmission via the Internet on an embedded Linux platform. The topic of event-based programming through the development of graphical interfaces will also be addressed. The languages serving as support will be Labview and Python. Portions of C/C++ can be used at the initiative of the students in the projects.

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- Controller Summary.

- Robust synthesis and contingency management.

- Representation and synthesis of synchronous machines.

- Description/synthesis language.

- The basics of the VHDL language (entity, architecture, ...).

- Behavioral and structural descriptions.

- Simulation (Testbench).

- Reprogrammable circuits (CPLD, FPGA).

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability.

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The internship or end-of-study project must highlight the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability:

• Internship of 2 to 3 months (maximum 5 months) to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company;
• or 3-month end-of-study project in a research laboratory or in a teaching project room.

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Description* :

1 - The aim is to allow students to understand the importance of a well-prepared application that is in line with an internship or job advertisement or in connection with the activities of a professional structure in the case of an unsolicited application; write CVs and cover letters; to know oneself better in terms of personality; use new technologies (social networks and job boards) and orient their research according to their professional project. Finally, to know how to prepare and behave during job interviews.

2 - It is a question of allowing students to write a scientific article following the completion of a project. To do this, they must know the objectives and characteristics, the plan to be applied, the different stages of implementation and the rules of presentation. Then, to present their project orally, students must know and be able to apply the general presentation structure; define appropriate and relevant visual aids; respect the rules of oral expression in order to express oneself correctly and in a professional manner (vocabulary, syntax, etc.); adopt behaviours that energize the discourse and allow you to hook your audience.

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Nowadays, image processing is omnipresent in information technologies: medicine, biology, agriculture, entertainment, culture, measurement, mechanics...

Image processing consists of applying mathematical transformations to images in order to modify their appearance or extract information from them. More generally, image processing aims to manipulate the underlying information contained in an image. Although it has long been carried out using electronic circuits, image processing is nowadays carried out almost exclusively digitally, i.e. via algorithms generally programmed with an imperative language (C, C++, Java, Python, etc.).

This teaching unit aims to give a solid foundation in image processing. It addresses, among other things, image formation and acquisition, colorimetric transformations, morphological operations, geometric transformations, compression, frequency transformations, recognition and matching techniques, etc. and an introduction to deep learning methods. The courses are complemented by support videos.

The teaching unit is mainly composed of 11 didactic courses covering the basics in the main areas of image processing and 3 practical work sessions whose subjects are to be chosen from 6 proposals. Students can choose to carry out the work on images they bring corresponding to their field of training.

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Manufacturing processes

- Notion of technological stages

- Manufacturing masks

Analog circuit design :

- Basic CMOS cells

- CMOS amplifiers: 1-stage, 2-stage, 3-stage; advanced structures

- Electrical simulation of cells and AOPs

Digital circuit design :

- Simple logic gates - Complex ANDORI gates

- Domino logic

- Speed optimization

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The course progressively presents the main physical phenomena that allow us to understand the functioning of electronic components and their use in electronic circuits. The first part introduces the physics of semiconductor materials and then deals with the characteristics of equilibrium materials in the second part. The third part presents the main phenomena of electronic transport. Finally, the fourth and fifth parts present the most important electronic components: diodes and transistors.

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The design and manufacture of digital integrated circuits are among the biggest challenges facing the global technical industry. An example of this is the integrated circuits currently manufactured for the telephone industry. For the most advanced of them, it is possible to count no less than ten billion transistors. Managing such a mass of information requires the implementation of complex design methods and tools.

The current paradigm of design methods is based on the use of pre-characterized logic gate libraries. These libraries consider both the external environment such as the supply voltage (V) and the temperature (T) as well as the context of the manufacture of the circuits through the variability of the manufacturing process (P). It is only from the information contained in these that it will be possible to i) establish the performance in terms of frequency and consumption of the circuits being designed and ii) to guarantee a high manufacturing efficiency. All of these constraints, known as "PVT", are taken into account through a design method known as the CORNERS method.

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Advanced programming

• object-oriented programming (C++)
• classes
• attributes/methods
• heritage
• pointers
• templates
• C++11 standards

Artificial Intelligence

• learning: state of the art, issues, applications
• PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
• SVM (Support Vector Machines)
• generations 1 2 and 3 of neural networks (spike technologies, etc.)
• neural network learning
• convolutional neural networks
• reinforcement learning
• genetic algorithms

Practical work

• Setting up a logic simulator for microelectronics
• Implementation (in C++) then integration (in ROS) of robotics algorithms
• Introduction to classification tools based on artificial intelligence
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• Advanced Programming

  • object oriented programming (C++)
  • classes
  • attributes/methods
  • heritage
  • pointers
  • templates
  • C++11 standards

  Artificial Intelligence

  • Machine Learning: State of art, problems, applications
  • PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
  • SVM (Support Vector Machines)
  • Neural networks generations 1, 2 and 3 (spike technologies, etc)
  • Convolutional neural networks
  • Reinforcement learning
  • Genetic Algorithms

  Laboratory Practicals

  • Implementation of a logical simulator for microelectronics
  • Implementation (in C++) and integration (in ROS) of robotic algorithms
  • Introduction to classification tools based on artificial intelligence

   

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• Objectives and challenges of physical security
• Symmetric encryption (DES, AES) and associated microelectronic architectures
• Modular Computing and Large Number Multiplication
• Asymmetric encryption (RSA) and associated microelectronic architectures
• Authentication principle
• Random Number Generation
• Hidden Channel Attacks
• Foul attacks

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The first sessions of the course are devoted to the reminders of large and small signal transistor models as well as to the techniques of small-signal modeling of elementary analog integrated circuits. The second part is devoted to the description of the basic blocks whose interconnection allows the realization of analog integrated circuits: current/voltage reference, mirrors and current sources, amplifiers with active load to a transistor, differential pair. The fundamentals of CMOS amplifier design are discussed in Part Three. The focus is on the performance-sizing linkage of transistors as part of the design of a two-stage Miller amplifier. Some advanced amplifier architectures are presented at the end of the course in order to highlight the interest of mastering the basic blocks.

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This course covers a wide range of knowledge from the foundations of Boolean logic to Systems-on-Chips (SoC) architecture, logical synthesis flows, processor architecture, and the basics of embedded software. VHDL, a material description language, also occupies an important place in this UE and will be studied in class and used in practical work, as well as in the framework of an "Embedded Systems" project.

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This course covers a wide range of topics ranging from fundamentals of Boolean logic to digital SoC (Systems-on-Chips) architecture, including digital design flows, computer architecture and embedded software basics. VHDL will be studied in this lecture, for both logic synthesis and modelling / simulation purposes. Labs include hands-on VHDL exercices (design of a simple stack processor), and an "Embedded system" student project makes it possible to deepen knowledge in the area.

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• Digital integrated circuit testing.
• Fault patterns.
• Generation of test vectors.
• Design for Testing (DFT).
• Standalone Integrated Testing (BIST).
• Testing of Analog Integrated Circuits.
• Industrial testing (functional and parametric tests, characterization).

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- Know the characteristics of space and avionics radiation environments, large quantities, and the interaction between radiation and matter

- Understand and evaluate the different effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.

- Know and understand testing methods

- Understand future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, press area, nuclear dismantling, etc.

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• Know the characteristics of space and avionics radiative environments, important quantities and radiation matter interaction
• Understand and evaluate the different effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.
• Know and understand test methods
• understand future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, newspace, nuclear dismantling, ...

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Internship of 5 to 6 months to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Preparation for professional integration.

Teaching provided by a senior HR consultant, former HR manager of large groups, who uses her rich experience in recruitment to serve her teaching.

Pedagogical approach promoting the sharing of experience and the response to students' situations and questions.

General contributions on recruitment from A to Z, how to be more efficient in your search, vision on the approaches of final recruiters, recruitment agencies, service companies.

Simulations of recruitment interviews in small groups with personalized debriefing orchestrated by the teacher.

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

Strengthen and consolidate the achievements of Master 1.

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