Integrated and Embedded Electronic Systems

The module will cover the following points:

• Transfer function link and differential equation
• Representation and continuous status feedback (eigenvalues, stability)
• Representation and sampled status feedback
• Feedback control without and with full-loop feedback, LQR control
• State observers
• Nonlinear control with examples

Practical work: applying knowledge to real-world examples (e.g., electric motors), programming in Python (numpy and control libraries).

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This teaching unit complements basic training in signal processing with in-depth knowledge of deterministic or random digital signals. This knowledge is essential in all engineering sciences, as digital signal processing is currently used in the majority of applications.

In the first part (10.5 hours of lectures, 6 hours of practical work), the course covers the sampling and quantification of continuous signals and the relationship between digital signals and the original continuous signal. It defines the discrete Fourier transform of digital signals, its estimation, and its use on real deterministic signals.

The second part of the course (9 hours of lectures, 4.5 hours of tutorials, 3 hours of practical work) is dedicated to random signals and how the properties of certain random signals can be used either to reduce the random part of a signal whose deterministic part we wish to favor (filtering, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) or to improve information transmission or even identify complex linearized systems.

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• This teaching unit complements basic training in analog electronics with in-depth knowledge of signal filtering, amplification, and modulation. This knowledge is essential for understanding and implementing analog electronic systems in all fields of engineering science.
• Teaching is organized in the form of lectures, tutorials, and practical work, opening up the possibility for mini-projects.

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This teaching unit, devoted to the fundamentals of digital electronics, is structured in an original way around a technical project, carried out individually or in pairs, the progress of which will follow the progression of the associated courses.

Each project topic will be assigned at the beginning of the teaching unit.

The main concepts of digital electronics will be explored in depth through lectures, and practical work may supplement the theoretical aspects to guide the progress of the project.

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This teaching unit consists of several parts, the first of which deals with the power electronics structures required to power an electronic system. The second part will focus on the current or voltage regulation of these structures. A third part will deal with the conversion functions required to control MCC and DC Brushless actuators.

The last section presents actuator topologies for robotics and their implementation. DC motor control and autopilot control of a synchronous motor will illustrate this last section.

Practical work will enable students to observe the principle and implementation of regulated systems for electronics and actuators. This course unit may serve as a basis for M1 project topics.

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Computer engineering is the discipline that deals with the design, development, and manufacture of computer systems, both hardware and software.

This discipline has become fundamental in engineering sciences, whether in electronics, robotics, signal processing, measurement, etc., due to the important role that computers now play in all these fields.

This module aims to encourage students to develop computer code on a scale corresponding to that of a complete software program. The quantity of code involved naturally creates a need to structure the code so that it remains viable, and the concepts associated with code structuring will therefore be addressed or reinforced.
Teaching is therefore organized mainly around practical work and projects. The context largely concerns the core themes of the EEA: signal processing (acquisition chain), instrument interfacing, and data retrieval via the internet on an embedded Linux platform. The topic of event-driven programming through the development of graphical interfaces will also be covered. The languages used will be Labview and Python. Portions of C/C++ may be used in projects at the students' initiative.

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- Controller summary.

- Robust synthesis and risk management.

- Representation and synthesis of synchronous machines.

- Description/synthesis language.

- The basics of the VHDL language (entity, architecture, etc.).

- Behavioral and structural descriptions.

- Simulation (Testbench).

- Reprogrammable circuits (CPLD, FPGA).

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Tutorial courses in specialized English and English for communication, aimed at developing professional autonomy in the English language.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, autonomy, and adaptability.

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The internship or final project should highlight the student's scientific skills, independence, and adaptability:

• Internship lasting 2 to 3 months (maximum 5 months) to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company;
• or a 3-month final project in a research laboratory or teaching project room.

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Description:

1 - The aim is to enable students to understand the importance of a well-prepared application that is tailored to a specific internship or job advertisement, or linked to the activities of a professional organization in the case of a speculative application; to write resumes and cover letters; to gain a better understanding of their personality; to use new technologies (social networks and job boards) and to tailor their search to their career plans. Finally, to know how to prepare for and behave during job interviews.

2 - The aim is to enable students to write a scientific article following the completion of a project. To do this, they must be familiar with the objectives and characteristics of the article, the plan to be followed, the different stages of completion, and the rules of presentation. Next, in order to present their project orally, students must know and be able to apply the general presentation structure; define appropriate and relevant visual aids; follow the rules of oral expression in order to express themselves correctly and professionally (vocabulary, syntax, etc.); and adopt behaviors that energize their speech and engage their audience.

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Nowadays, image processing is ubiquitous in information technology: medicine, biology, agriculture, entertainment, culture, measurement, mechanics, etc.

Image processing involves applying mathematical transformations to images in order to modify their appearance or extract information from them. More generally, image processing aims to manipulate the underlying information contained in an image. While it has long been performed using electronic circuits, image processing is now carried out almost exclusively digitally, i.e., using algorithms generally programmed with an imperative language (C, C++, Java, Python, etc.).

This teaching unit aims to provide a solid foundation in image processing. It covers, among other things, image formation and acquisition, colorimetric transformations, morphological operations, geometric transformations, compression, frequency transformations, recognition and matching techniques, and an introduction to deep learning methods. The courses are supplemented by supporting videos.

The teaching unit consists mainly of 11 lectures covering the basics of the main areas of image processing and three practical sessions, with topics to be chosen from six proposals. Students can choose to carry out the work on images they bring in that are relevant to their field of study.

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Manufacturing processes

- Concept of technological stages

- Manufacturing masks

Analog circuit design:

- Basic CMOS cells

- CMOS amplifiers: 1 stage, 2 stages, 3 stages; advanced structures

- Electrical simulation of cells and AOPs

Digital circuit design:

- Simple logic gates - Complex ANDORI gates

- Domino logic

- Speed optimization

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The course provides a progressive introduction to the main physical phenomena that enable students to understand how electronic components work and how they are used in electronic circuits. The first part introduces the physics of semiconductor materials, followed by the second part, which deals with the characteristics of materials at equilibrium. The third part explains the main electronic transport phenomena. Finally, the fourth and fifth parts present the most important electronic components: diodes and transistors.

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The design and manufacture of digital integrated circuits are among the greatest challenges facing the global technology industry. To illustrate the situation, let us take the example of integrated circuits currently manufactured for the telephone industry. The most advanced of these contain no fewer than ten billion transistors. Managing such a vast amount of information requires the use of complex design methods and tools.

The current paradigm for design methods relies on the use of libraries of pre-characterized logic gates. These libraries take into account both the external environment, such as supply voltage (V) and temperature (T), and the circuit manufacturing context through manufacturing process variability (P). Only with the information contained in these libraries is it possible to i) establish the performance in terms of frequency and power consumption of the circuits being designed and ii) guarantee high manufacturing yield. All of these constraints, known as "PVT," are taken into account using a design method called the CORNERS method.

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Advanced Programming

• object-oriented programming (C++)
• classes
• attributes/methods
• inheritance
• pointers
• templates
• C++11 standards

Artificial Intelligence

• learning: State of the art, issues, applications
• PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
• SVM (Support Vector Machines)
• Generations 1, 2, and 3 of neural networks (spike technologies, etc.)
• neural network learning
• convolutional neural networks
• reinforcement learning
• genetic algorithms

Practical Work

• Implementation of a logic simulator for microelectronics
• Implementation (in C++) and integration (in ROS) of robotics algorithms
• Introduction to classification tools based on artificial intelligence
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• Advanced Programming

  • object-oriented programming (C++)
  • classes
  • attributes/methods
  • heritage
  • pointers
  • templates
  • C++11 standards

  Artificial Intelligence

  • Machine Learning: State of the art, problems, applications
  • PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
  • SVM (Support Vector Machines)
  • Neural networks generations 1, 2, and 3 (spike technologies, etc.)
  • Convolutional neural networks
  • Reinforcement learning
  • Genetic Algorithms

  Laboratory Practicals

  • Implementation of a logical simulator for microelectronics
  • Implementation (in C++) and integration (in ROS) of robotic algorithms
  • Introduction to classification tools based on artificial intelligence

   

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• Objectives and challenges of physical security
• Symmetric encryption (DES, AES) and associated microelectronic architectures
• Modular arithmetic and multiplication of large numbers
• Asymmetric encryption (RSA) and associated microelectronic architectures
• Authentication Principle
• Random number generation
• Hidden channel attacks
• Offensive fouls

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The first sessions of the course are devoted to reviewing large-signal and small-signal transistor models, as well as small-signal modeling techniques for basic analog integrated circuits. The second part is devoted to describing the basic blocks whose interconnection makes it possible to build analog integrated circuits: current/voltage reference, current mirrors and sources, single-transistor active-load amplifiers, and differential pairs. The fundamental principles of CMOS amplifier design are examined in the third part. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between performance and transistor sizing in the context of designing a two-stage Miller amplifier. Several advanced amplifier architectures are presented at the end of the course to highlight the importance of mastering the basic blocks.

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This course covers a wide range of topics, from the fundamentals of Boolean logic to the architecture of systems-on-chips (SoCs), including logic synthesis flows, processor architecture, and the basics of embedded software. VHDL, a hardware description language, also plays an important role in this course and will be studied in class and used in practical work, as well as in an "Embedded Systems" project.

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This course covers a wide range of topics ranging from fundamentals of Boolean logic to digital SoC (Systems-on-Chips) architecture, including digital design flows, computer architecture, and embedded software basics. VHDL will be studied in this lecture, for both logic synthesis and modeling/simulation purposes. Labs include hands-on VHDL exercises (design of a simple stack processor), and an "Embedded system" student project makes it possible to deepen knowledge in the area.

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• Testing digital integrated circuits.
• Examples of mistakes.
• Generation of test vectors.
• Design for test (DFT).
• Built-in self-test (BIST).
• Analog Integrated Circuit Testing.
• Industrial testing (functional and parametric testing, characterization).

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- Understand the characteristics of radiation environments in space and avionics, significant quantities, and the interaction between radiation and matter.

- Understand and evaluate the various effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.

- Know and understand testing methods

- Understanding future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, press space, nuclear decommissioning, etc.

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• Know the characteristics of space and avionics radiative environments, important quantities, and radiation-matter interaction.
• Understand and evaluate the different effects of radiation on electronic components and systems.
• Know and understand test methods
• understand future industrial challenges: reliability of electric and autonomous vehicles, new space, nuclear dismantling, etc.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, autonomy, and adaptability.

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5- to 6-month internship to be completed in a research laboratory or within a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, independence, and adaptability.

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Preparation for professional integration.

Teaching provided by a senior HR consultant, former HR manager for large corporations, who draws on her extensive recruitment experience in her teaching.

Teaching approach that encourages sharing experiences and responding to students' situations and questions.

General information on recruitment from A to Z, how to be more effective in your search, insight into the approaches of final recruiters, recruitment agencies, and service companies.

Simulated job interviews in small groups with personalized debriefing led by the instructor.

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Tutorial courses in specialized English and English for communication, aimed at developing professional autonomy in the English language.

Reinforce and consolidate the knowledge acquired in Master 1.

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