M1 - Electronics, Electrical Energy, Automation - Electrical Energy, Environment and Systems Reliability profile

The module will cover the following:

• Link transfer function and differential equation
• Continuous state representation and feedback (eigenvalues, stability)
• Representation and Sampled State Feedback
• Status feedback control without and with full loopback, LQR control
• State Observers
• Non-linear control with examples

Practical work: implementation of knowledge on real examples (e.g. electric motors), programming in python (numpy and control libraries).

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This course supplements basic training in signal processing with in-depth knowledge of deterministic or random digital signals. This knowledge is indispensable in all engineering sciences, as digital signal processing is currently used in the majority of applications.

The first part (10:30 h lecture, 6 h hands-on) covers the sampling and quantization of continuous signals, and the relationship between digital signals and the original continuous signal. We define the discrete Fourier transform of digital signals, its estimation and its use on real deterministic signals.

The second part of the course (9h Lecture, 4h30 TD, 3h TP) is dedicated to random signals and how the properties of certain random signals can be used either to reduce the random part of a signal whose deterministic part we wish to emphasize (filtering, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) or to improve the transmission of information or identify complex linearized systems.

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• This teaching unit complements the basic training in analogue electronics with in-depth knowledge of signal filtering, amplification and modulation. This knowledge is essential for the understanding and realization of analog electronic systems in all fields of engineering sciences.
• Teaching is organized in the form of lectures, tutorials and practical work opening the possibility of mini-projects.

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This teaching unit, dedicated to the basics of digital electronics, is structured in an original way around a technical project, carried out individually or in pairs, the progress of which will follow the progress of the associated courses.

Each project topic will be assigned at the beginning of the teaching unit.

The main notions of digital electronics will be deepened through lectures and practical work may complement the theoretical aspects to guide the progress of the project.

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This teaching unit is made up of several parts, the first of which deals with the structures of the power electronics necessary to power an electronic system. The second will focus on the current or voltage regulation of these structures. A third part will focus on the conversion functions required to control MCC and DC Brushless actuators.

The last part presents actuator topologies for robotics and their implementation. The regulation of a DC motor and the self-pilot control of a synchronous motor will illustrate this last part.

Practical work will be carried out to observe the principle and implementation of regulated systems for electronics and actuators. This UE can be the support of the M1 project subjects.

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Computer engineering is the discipline that deals with the design, development and manufacture of computer systems, both from a hardware and software point of view.

This discipline has become fundamental in engineering sciences, whether in electronics, robotics, signal processing, measurement, etc. due to the important role that the computer has taken in all these areas.

This module aims to lead students to develop computer code in a volume corresponding to the scale of a complete software. The amount of code associated with it naturally creates a need to structure the code to keep it viable, and the concepts associated with structuring the code will therefore be addressed or reinforced.
Teaching is therefore mainly organised around practical work and projects. The context largely concerns deep themes of the EEA: signal processing (acquisition chain), instrument interfacing, and data transmission via the Internet on an embedded Linux platform. The topic of event-based programming through the development of graphical interfaces will also be addressed. The languages serving as support will be Labview and Python. Portions of C/C++ can be used at the initiative of the students in the projects.

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- Controller Summary.

- Robust synthesis and contingency management.

- Representation and synthesis of synchronous machines.

- Description/synthesis language.

- The basics of the VHDL language (entity, architecture, ...).

- Behavioral and structural descriptions.

- Simulation (Testbench).

- Reprogrammable circuits (SPLD, CPLD, FPGA).

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability.

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The internship or end-of-study project must highlight the student's scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability:

• Internship of 2 to 3 months (maximum 5 months) to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company;
• or 3-month end-of-study project in a research laboratory or in a teaching project room.

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Description* :

1 - The aim is to allow students to understand the importance of a well-prepared application that is in line with an internship or job advertisement or in connection with the activities of a professional structure in the case of an unsolicited application; write CVs and cover letters; to know oneself better in terms of personality; use new technologies (social networks and job boards) and orient their research according to their professional project. Finally, to know how to prepare and behave during job interviews.

2 - It is a question of allowing students to write a scientific article following the completion of a project. To do this, they must know the objectives and characteristics, the plan to be applied, the different stages of implementation and the rules of presentation. Then, to present their project orally, students must know and be able to apply the general presentation structure; define appropriate and relevant visual aids; respect the rules of oral expression in order to express oneself correctly and in a professional manner (vocabulary, syntax, etc.); adopt behaviours that energize the discourse and allow you to hook your audience.

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Electrical energy is one of the essential energy vectors in energy management. It is becoming more important in new applications that reduce the carbon footprint, for example in electric propulsion. Electrical energy is produced by high-power production (thermal power plants) but also increasingly by intermittent sources due to renewable energies (photovoltaic, wind, etc.). This electrical energy produced must be transported and distributed, and the overall management of the transmission and distribution networks is a major constraint.

This teaching unit will :

• To provide theoretical knowledge of modelling the elements of production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
• To define the three-phase sinusoidal regime, the quality of electrical energy and the study of networks unbalanced by symmetrical components.
• Enable the implementation of the modeling of transformers, inductive elements (neutral point coil, etc.), synchronous alternators and asynchronous generators. It will give experimental methods for characterizing its elements.
• Give the conditions for connecting the generators to the electricity grids, the paralleling and the associated settings.
• To enable the establishment of models for lines and cables for electrical distribution. It will give notions of power management and the impact of short circuits in high-power networks. The use of network software will illustrate the phenomena.

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The energy transition is often associated with the objectives of setting up means of production from renewable energies (wind, photovoltaic, hydro, etc.). The use of intermittent sources creates particular constraints for transmission and distribution power systems. This teaching unit will consist of three parts: a technological and theoretical part on networks. A second part on the means of production and renewable energies, highlighting wind energy. Finally, a third part will focus on the digital evolution of electricity networks: smart grids and smart grids.

This teaching unit will :

• Define the technology of all the elements of an HV and LV distribution electrical network.
• To provide the necessary knowledge to understand the functions and characteristics of electrical networks (architecture, aerial, underground, voltage level, power, transformer, alternator, etc.) and
• To allow the choice and implementation of devices according to needs (insulation, protection, control, etc.).
• Define electrical safety rules for interventions, thus making it possible to understand and apply lockout procedures.
• To make it possible to determine, choose and adjust the protections based on the characteristics of the network and the equipment by explaining the calculation of fault currents and the basic use of professional calculation software.
• Detail the choice of earthing connection schemes that meet given specifications and economic criteria, availability and quality constraints, etc.
• To provide a state of the art of electrical energy storage and to present the use of hydrogen as an energy vector associated with electrical energy and the energy transition.
• Describe the means of production and develop the conversion principle for wind and hydropower production.
• Introduce methods for the study of wind projects, analysis of the resource, regulations, connection problems and environmental impact.
• Introduce Smart-Grids and the use of the internet and industrial networks in the protection and control of power grids.

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