Training structure
Faculty of Science
Presentation
Program
Operation of the tree
4 credits33hInterdisciplinary project 1
3 creditsPersonal project and professional motivation
2 creditsData analysis and applied statistics wood science
3 credits21hWood for the tree 1: chemical composition and microstruc
5 credits36hDiversity of mechanical and physico-chemical properties
5 credits40,5hWood Science Case Study
5 creditsForests, wood and global issues
3 credits24h
Internship
15 creditsAnnual project 2
5 creditsFrom the tree to the uses
5 credits46,5hEnglish for wood science 1
2 credits18hWood for the tree 2: biomechanics & tree hydraulics
3 credits22,5h
Operation of the tree
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
33h
Morphogenesis and fundamental processes in tree development
Primary growth (organogenesis and elongation; stem & root)
Secondary growth (cambium and phellogen function)
Branching and branching patterns
Reproduction (from flower to fruit) and reproductive phenology
Tree architecture
Architectural models
The concept of architectural unity
Reiteration
Senescence and decay
Morphogenetic gradients
Root architecture
Diversity, variability and plasticity of tree function and adaptation
Structure-time relationships: dendrochronological approaches
Phenology and chronobiology
Primary growth, branching, flowering and morpho-anatomical markers
Cambial function and growth rings
Posterior reconstruction of the tree's development
Ecophysiology and functional architecture of trees
Mechanical support
Root absorption (incl. role of mycorrhizae)
Conduction
Photosynthesis
The reserves
The reproduction
Trade-off and trade-off between functions
Adaptations and structure-function relationships
Adaptation to herbivory (spinescence, underground stems, latex, chemical compounds, ...)
Resistance to pathogens (bark, latex, ...)
Fire resistance (bark, ability to reject, pyrophytes ...)
Drought tolerance/resistance
The wood marker of history
Anthracology
Dendrochronology / dendroclimatology
Marker of vegetation, uses, climate
TP analysis of cores after drying...
Interdisciplinary project 1
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Personal project and professional motivation
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Data analysis and applied statistics wood science
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
21h
- Introduction to statistics and the scientific approach
Scientific approach
Data structuring
Descriptive statistics
Overview of analysis methods
A critical look at the statistics
- Univariate analyses
Comparison tests
Compliance of a distribution
Simple regression and analysis of variance/covariance
- Multivariate analysis
Correlations and principal component analysis
Multiple linear regression
Non-linear adjustments
- Classification and discrimination
Classification (supervised, unsupervised)
Segmentation and discrimination
- Statistical analysis tools
Introduction to R software
Wood for the tree 1: chemical composition and microstruc
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
36h
- Taxonomy / phylogeny : the concept of species
- The origins of the tree / the origins of wood - Appearance of tree forms, invention of wood and evolution
- Evolution of the cambium and the vascular system
- Diversity of woody plans (tracheids / vessels / fibers / parenchyma)
- Anatomical features and taxonomic recognition of temperate and tropical woods
- Chemical composition of wood
- Macromolecules (Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins,...) and their properties (Tg)
- Nano-structure - meso- and nano-porosity, organization of cellulose microfibrils (interaction between chemical compounds)
- Chemical composition of wood
- Secondary metabolites (function, composition, diversity), extractables
- Chemical composition of wood - Gums, latex, exudates, resins
Diversity of mechanical and physico-chemical properties
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
40,5h
Mechanical behaviour of wood
One-dimensional elastic behavior and resistance of materials (RDM) applied to structures with wooden beams and introduction to calculation codes (finite element modeling).
One-dimensional viscoelasticity and damping.
Orthotropic behavior.
Behavior at breakage.
Quasi-static and vibratory measurement methods.
Wood versus other materials (Ashby maps).
Physical and chemical properties of wood
Thermal and hygroscopic properties (shrinkage-swelling), consequence on the elastic properties.
Relationships between structure, chemistry and physico-mechanical behavior (from the cell wall scale to the macroscopic scale).
Sensory properties: colors, smells, touch, sound and taste properties.
Diversity of woods and diversity of uses
Variability within a species and diversity between species (temperate, Mediterranean, tropical) of physical-mechanical properties.
Woods at the interface of several categories of diversity (biological, physical-mechanical, functional, cultural), illustrated by specific uses and across different geocultural areas.
Wood Science Case Study
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The case study is a stimulating step in the training and learning process which aims, through a real situation in a company, an industrial sector or a research sector, related to the forestry-wood sector, to develop not only the students' knowledge, but above all the know-how and interpersonal skills of managers and leaders. The case study is therefore oriented towards active learning for the students through group reflection and discussion in a real situation.
The various study subjects are proposed by industrialists, professionals and researchers and research teachers. The subjects are interdisciplinary, scientific, technical or socio-economic.
In order to meet the client's request, the student uses his previous knowledge and combines it with his newly acquired knowledge. Supervised by one or more educational tutors, the group of students will be in charge of developing instructions, procedures, specifications, reports and renderings of the study based on the results of tests, trials and/or surveys, in order to meet the client's request. Dialogue with peers, through exchange, confrontation or argumentation, contributes greatly to the successful completion of this project.
Forests, wood and global issues
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
24h
History and sociology of wood
History of the uses of wood, from the Paleolithic to the present day
Myths about trees and wood: a guided tour of the Jardin des Plantes
Wood and forest: representations and uses
Carbon and climate change
Greenhouse effect and climate change
Carbon balance from forest to wood products
Economy and geopolitics of the wood industry
Carbon economy
The global wood industry - Geopolitics and sustainability of wood uses - Global flows
The actors of the traditional and technical wood industry, in France and in the world
Geopolitics of production, conflicts of land use. Value of the forest compared to other uses (mining, agriculture, urbanism, ...)
Forest ecosystem services
Biodiversity, air/water filtration, hydraulic regulator
Reception of the public, products gathering, hunting,
Landscape, opening/closing of environments
From the tree to the uses
ECTS
5 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
46,5h
Logging and primary processing.
1st and2nd transformation machining
Structuring of the1st transformation
Growth constraints and technological consequences
Drying and hygroscopic behavior
Degradation and durability
English for wood science 1
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
18h
Listening comprehension - video materials, lectures, group discussions
Reading comprehension - from articles in the scientific press
Interactive speaking - lectures, debates and group work
Written expression - note taking (reports)
Wood for the tree 2: biomechanics & tree hydraulics
ECTS
3 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
22,5h
Biophysical specifications of the tree
Mechanics of the shaft subjected to gravity
Shaft hydraulics
Shaft mechanics under external loading
Integrative tree biophysics
Biophysical adaptations and wood quality
Admission
How to register
Applications are made on the following platform:
- French & European students: follow the "My Master" procedure from the website: https: //www.monmaster.gouv.fr/