M2 - Water and Society (ES) - LEARNING

This will involve studying the involvement of local authorities in environmental matters and the actions of government departments. To this end, the powers of local authorities in water management will be examined, as well as the role of inter-municipal cooperation structures in water management and resource protection.

Students will need to have knowledge of the French judicial system, the hierarchy of norms, and legal balances. An introduction to legal mechanisms (the concept of contracts, the basics of corporate law, etc.) will therefore be useful. The use of contracts as a means of resource management (public service delegations and public procurement) will be considered. In order to fully understand the subject of the study in our region, it is essential to address the treatment of coastal waters.

A study of the exercise of administrative police powers in the field of water management will be necessary in order to understand the law governing ICPEs and IOTAs and to consider environmental land-use planning and water resource management (SDAGE, SAGE, and other plans).

The law governing waterways in France and the study of the small and large water cycles will help us understand how risk planning and the implementation of what is known as GEMAPI competence have developed in recent years.

Finally, with a lawyer specializing in environmental law and particularly experienced in water resource litigation, students will be able to reflect on conflict resolution mechanisms.

This will make it possible to examine the effective participation of the public in water management and then the recognition and assertion of the right to water and sanitation.

A brief overview of EU water law and European environmental law will round off the training.

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All future Master's graduates, whether in the "Professional" or "Research" track, must master the tools and codes of effective written scientific communication. Improving one's scientific writing skills is essential for promoting one's work and communicating it to peers, colleagues, clients, etc.

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Governance is a polysemous word that is used in opposition to government to indicate a less centralized form of power. The success of this term probably stems from its ambiguity. Indeed, it is a concept sometimes used to challenge central executive power (monarchy, corporate management, etc.) in a context where it is perceived as hegemonic, and sometimes used to demand more government in a market context perceived as chaotic, but in which the dominant ideology is opposed to centralized intervention. It is therefore a concept that can be used to demand both more and less government.

This EU takes a critical and reflective approach to governance, with a historical depth that integrates the trajectories of public action between globalization and Europeanization on the one hand, and decentralization and territorialization on the other, in contexts of growing uncertainty, global change, and transition. In particular, it explores the following questions:

• Governance? Dominant concept, critical approach, institutional and socio-political context, emergence, evolution in a context of global change?
• Water policy development and governance; Role of concepts and discourse; How can governance models be influenced or changed? Better consideration of collective values promoted by IWRM? Importance of the long term, historical depth, and foresight?
• What room for maneuver do actors have at the local, national, and international levels? What strategies are used to manage a water territory? Illustration of the diversity of governance modes
• Water governance: between integration and fragmentation?
• Water as an 'interconnecting fluid' between actors and ecosystems: how should these interactions and their social implications be governed?

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The three major models of irrigation worldwide—large-scale hydraulic systems, community irrigation, and private irrigation—are presented in their historical context, based on an in-depth documentary analysis and illustrations of specific cases, with a focus on the Mediterranean region.

These three different irrigation models are presented (ideology, construction, water management, agricultural development, stakeholders, etc.) using a theoretical framework based on oxymorons. These models are then illustrated through various concrete examples, presented in PowerPoint presentations, videos, and articles.

The various main references for each type of irrigation system will be presented and discussed. Each irrigation model is discussed with the students, who present their analyses through a guided exercise. Once the three irrigation models are understood, the course focuses on the analysis of rural development models related to irrigation. The analysis is based on a critical analysis of the dualist theory of development, applied to irrigation systems.

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The course is structured around case studies focusing on the Gironde and Nouvelle-Aquitaine regions. It develops, in turn, ways of appropriating water included in land use planning for drinking water, sanitation, flooding, and aquatic environments, including wetlands. It also addresses the positioning of water and urban planning stakeholders, while introducing students to professions related to these two themes. The course involves numerous exchanges and interactions between the teacher and students, with a view to stimulating their critical thinking in relation to practical, real-life professional cases.

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As part of this course, students will practice project planning and estimating the time required for each task, using the SWOT matrix/sabotage exercise, risk management, organizing and leading meetings, and giving oral presentations on the project. Other aspects of project management may be addressed on a case-by-case basis, such as financial management, the role of the project manager, relationships with partners, and the use of tools such as to-do lists, Kanban, shared calendars, etc.

Following on from the Project Management course in the Master's 1 program, the Project Management course in the Master's 2 program aims to assess the assimilation of the skills acquired in the previous year and to go further by focusing on a longer project (lasting from a few weeks to a few months), either individual or group-based, study-related or personal.

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The EU aims to provide elements for constructing a historical framework and analyzing archives on water management.

It covers the history of water management models, the history of hydraulic engineers and hydraulics, and the social and political history of water management in Ecuador, a Latin American country.

It also presents the departmental archive system.

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Water issues are often presented from a purely technical and/or functional perspective. From this perspective, the aim is to manage the resource "well" (in a fair, economical, environmentally friendly way, etc.) based on available scientific knowledge. However, this view is somewhat unrealistic. Regardless of the geographical scale involved, water management is largely structured by political issues.

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This course, taught by professionals, gives students an overview of careers and stakeholders in the water and aquatic environments sector in France.

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The aim of this cross-disciplinary course unit is to offer students from various backgrounds the opportunity to organize an event-based project on a topical issue related to water, in line with their commitments, their career plans, societal challenges, and issues surrounding global transitions and change.

The project is led by the students, from its definition to its implementation during the event, with occasional support from teaching staff at key stages of the project.

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The objective of this joint teaching unit with AgroParisTech's specialized post-master's degree in Water Management is to provide students with a development background with guidance on the challenges and organization of development projects related to water (drinking water, sanitation, agricultural water).

This EU alternates between testimonials, feedback from experts and professional development actors on water issues, and testimonials from learners (Specialized Master's in Water Management) or students who already have international experience in the field of water or agriculture.

This course unit is open as an option to students enrolled in the Master's program in Water Sciences, subject to a limited number of places.

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Water resources and their management are often addressed through knowledge and principles established in developed countries in temperate zones. However, countries in the South, starting with the Mediterranean and Africa, offer us an extreme diversity of social and environmental situations that force us to significantly change our perspectives and question the validity of certain approaches that are too far removed from the reality on the ground.

Researchers working mainly in southern countries draw on their practical experience to reflect on the specific characteristics of hydrological and geochemical processes in very dry or very humid tropical regions, the consequences of anthropization, and the challenges of sustainable water resource management.

A significant amount of time is devoted to the critical analysis of scientific articles dealing with water resources and their management in the South.

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The objective of this EU is to present the current and future impacts on all sectors associated with the field of water.

What changes are occurring in terms of extreme weather events such as droughts and floods, and in the regions affected by these extremes? How does this impact groundwater and surface water resources, agricultural land, and irrigation methods?

What developments are occurring with regard to rising sea levels and coastal areas? How does this impact current and future population movements, and what solutions can be proposed for coastal management?

Through various lectures given by specialists in different fields, covering all aspects of the Master's program in Water, this course unit will present the latest advances in this subject.

Through tutorials and practical sessions, students will work in groups on a specific topic (using an example) combining climate change with a water-related field, in order to present a summary of this subject. This work will be presented in the form of a mini-seminar and will be assessed as part of this course unit.

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