M1 - Water and Society (ES) - LEARNING

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Project management encompasses all the methods, tools, and techniques used to organize the progress of a project and achieve its objectives, from the initial idea to its completion.

A practical scenario is planned using exercises or case studies so that students acquire the right reflexes and learn how to use project management tools.

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Water is at the heart of multiple and conflicting issues, visions, and interests. The articulation of these different elements raises the question of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and regulation (particularly through public policy), the balance between collective and private values, and decision-making processes concerning collective issues—in short, governance. Decentralization, water and sanitation services, basin management, the European Framework Directive, and financial circuits illustrate, in particular, different facets of governance.

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The lessons mainly consist of a detailed presentation of the fundamentals of land use planning: The main legal frameworks are presented and analyzed (in a participatory manner). legal frameworks and their constant evolution (codes, laws, texts), the " doctrines " that condition their implementation, as well as the various technical "tools" involved in procedures and file preparation (urban planning documents, or public or private construction or development projects). The tools and conditions for dialogue and consultation (examination of different operating modes), land approaches (land management and tools for this management), the assessment of multiple issues (financial, socio-economic, and political), and finally the decision-making process decision-making. The various aspects mentioned above are highlighted as factors that determine the success—and therefore the successful spatial translation—of all development projects, regardless of their nature and scale.

Focused on all territories, the module also aims to address issues specific to coastal areasand similar areas. Because coastal areas have specific characteristics, a particular approach to these spaces is essential to complement general approaches (Coastal Law, Water Law, easements, changes in frameworks and texts).

Finally, the backdrop to this module is the systematic highlighting of the many debates and issues involved in the confrontation between theemergency (or priority) socio-economic and environmental urgency (or priority) environmental, with an understanding of trade-offs and adjustments that this confrontation raises. The urgency of the ecological and transitional crisis, as well as the acceleration of confrontations / conflicts of interest are examined and put into perspective.

With regard to the " management " of territories, presented in the EU title ("From Planning to Management of Territories") as resulting from the planning stage, this theme is also described and analyzed for each of the points outlined that relate to planning, both as a consequence of the actions carried out and as a condition for the success — in the medium and long term — of projects implemented in a territory, regardless of their scale.

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The EU Bibliographic Project consists of training in documentary research, including the use of search engines, databases, and bibliographic reference management tools. Students work in pairs on a topic they have chosen themselves, related to their course of study. This documentary research is enhanced by the writing of a summary and a poster.

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Sociologists of science consider controversies to be inherent to the process of knowledge production. They refer to (1) situations of discussion between scientists who disagree or agree on the data they produce, but also (2) mobilizations that develop in the context of institutionalized public debates or more informal exchanges. These controversies provide an opportunity to observe science and decision-making in action, as they are fueled by knowledge that has not yet been stabilized. They provide examples that can be used to rethink the relationship between science and society and, in doing so, the challenges of technical democracy at the intersection of several disciplines.

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English tutorial course for students in the Water Sciences program who wish to achieve professional autonomy in English.

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At the end of this module, students should be able to understand an economic analysis relating to a water management project/policy. They should be familiar with the principles of cost-benefit analysis and know the valuation methods, parameters, and indicators that can be used. They will learn to take a critical look at assessments and the parameters and indicators used.

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The issue of contaminants in the aquatic environment is addressed from a multidisciplinary scientific perspective (chemistry, geochemistry, microbiology, etc.) while also addressing regulatory aspects:

• Presentation of the main contaminants in the aquatic environment: chemical contaminants such as major elements, trace metals, organic micropollutants (pesticides, hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, microbiological contaminants, etc.), radioelements, and biological contaminants such as microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, etc.

• Focus on certain contaminants depending on aquatic environments, taking into account the hydrochemical characteristics of the water in relation to the geological and environmental contexts of hydrological and hydrogeological basins.

• Presentation of interactions between microorganisms and organic and inorganic contaminants and their consequences on the fate of contaminants in the aquatic environment; application in bioremediation.

These lessons are illustrated through examples from current events, such as antibiotic resistance, and/or topics researched by the speakers.

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This course unit should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function and to identify threats and vulnerabilities in the face of local pressures and climate change.

It will also enable students to 1) learn about the specific characteristics of benthic ecosystems and the ecological roles of their components, 2) acquire in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function, 3) acquire knowledge about the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), climate change, and anthropization on aquatic ecosystems and their functioning, including socio-economic repercussions. This EU will develop marine environment and marine animal health monitoring networks by addressing mortality issues.

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The content of the EU is organized into three parts:

1) Water cycle and water balance
• Main reservoirs
• Mechanisms of the water cycle
• Water circulation: from the global scale to the watershed scale
• Humans: their influence on the water cycle

2) The atmospheric phase of the water cycle – Hydrology
• The watershed
• Atmospheric circulation and precipitation
• Evapotranspiration
• Infiltration
• Runoff

3) The underground phase of the water cycle – Hydrogeology
• Porous media and their hydrodynamic properties
• Different types of aquifers
• Piezometric levels and maps

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The "Ocean, Atmosphere, Climate" module presents the fundamental principles of atmospheric dynamics and ocean dynamics, and provides a critical and well-documented perspective on climate change. The course is based on the analysis of official documents describing global change, documented lessons on key issues, and applications to case studies in different global contexts.

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This course is divided into two parts, one covering surface water and atmospheric water, and the other covering groundwater. This course builds on the Water Cycle course from Semester 1 and lays the essential foundations for the specific courses on hydrodynamics and physical hydrology that will be taught in Semester 2. It is therefore a transitional course between fundamental knowledge of the water cycle and specific knowledge of the study and characterization of surface and groundwater resources.

Theoretical courses combined with integrated tutorials are supplemented by practical work in the classroom on computers and hydrogeological maps.

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The GIS Practice course consists of training in the use of Geographic Information Systems, incorporating basic concepts relating to geographic information and proficiency in the free software QGIS. Most of the course is devoted to an introduction through a combination of lectures and practical exercises. A personalized summary mapping project allows students at the end of the course to review the concepts they have learned. An introductory lecture with professionals provides perspective on the value of GIS approaches in general hydrology.

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This methodological module provides instruction on qualitative research techniques and inductive reasoning. Students will be trained to conduct open-ended interviews, carry out field observations, and learn how to analyze empirical data. Students will put these lessons into practice by conducting a collective investigation into a controversy related to water or the environment (in connection with the lessons learned in EU HAO717T).

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English tutorial course for students in the Water Sciences program who wish to achieve professional autonomy in English.

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The module presents managerial approaches and multi-criteria approaches to evaluating water services.

The module focuses on the management of drinking water and sanitation services, as well as irrigation water distribution services. It provides an understanding and critical perspective on the tools used to manage these services.

The module is organized into three main stages:

• Analysis and evaluation of the economic, financial, and technical performance of water and sanitation services, with a focus on financial analysis and performance indicators for water services.
• Environmental assessment with a presentation of global approaches (Life Cycle Analysis) versus local approaches.
• An analysis of the sustainability of services

The EU draws on concrete case studies to illustrate the various concepts discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the relative nature of performance, a multidimensional concept that evolves over time and varies depending on the perspective taken.

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This module aims to give students a practical understanding of the implementation of IWRM and participation in water management through an active learning approach.

It is based on the "Cooplage" support system for the implementation of participatory approaches to water management, developed by researchers at the UMR GEAU, and the Agreenium MOOC associated with Terr'eau & co.

Students will work in small groups, bringing together students from different tracks of the Master's in Water program, on case studies drawn from the lecturers' current research projects. Learning will take place through the implementation of certain tools from the "Cooplage" system on their case studies, in particular modeling and participatory simulation in the form of role-playing. In order to anchor their work, students will be put in contact with the leaders of these case studies. 

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This course is an introduction to quantitative research methods in the social sciences.
It focuses on the use of statistics and the definition of categories to describe the social world, as well as the objectification of representations.
It offers practical experience in using questionnaires by creating a questionnaire, administering it, and analyzing the results.

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