Sociology of scientific and technical controversies

Sociologists of science consider controversies to be inherent to the process of knowledge production. They refer to (1) situations of discussion between scientists who disagree or agree on the data they produce, but also (2) mobilizations that develop in the context of institutionalized public debates or more informal exchanges. These controversies provide an opportunity to observe science and decision-making in action, as they are fueled by knowledge that has not yet been stabilized. They provide examples that can be used to rethink the relationship between science and society and, in doing so, the challenges of technical democracy at the intersection of several disciplines.

The aim of the "Controversies" course is to raise awareness among students on the Master's program in Water and Society of the scientific and technical issues that inevitably fuel debates about water and the environment. In a context of ecological crisis where risks and warnings are proliferating, the aim is to introduce them, through theoretical sociological training (illustrated by case studies from various fields of knowledge), supplemented by an investigation into a controversy related to water or the environment (implemented in semester 2 as part of the HMEA 212 course), to the uncertain worlds they will encounter in their professional and civic lives.

Required prerequisites*: curiosity about earth and life sciences; strong reading skills and a taste for discussion

Recommended prerequisites*: knowledge of humanities and social sciences is useful but not essential; however, a genuine commitment to learning new approaches is expected; fluency in English is useful.

-individual presentations

-oral exam

-drafting of a programmatic report on the study of controversies

1. Theoretical issues in the sociology of controversies

1. Example of controversy over water (film and discussion)

1. The sciences in the making

1. History of science and objectivity

1. Support for documentary research on controversies

1. The production of knowledge: instruments and places

1. Research strategy and qualitative methods

1. Uncertainties and unfinished sciences.

1. The expansion of research collectives: experts and laypeople

1. Introduction to quantitative methods

1. Scientific issues in public debate

1. Introduction to quantitative methods (continued)

Each thematic session is presented by the instructor and illustrated by student presentations. A reading list is provided before the first session. Time for group work and support upon request is provided. The course may be extended into the second semester with a research project.