CHOICE 1

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The issue of contaminants in the aquatic environment is approached from a multi-disciplinary scientific angle (chemistry, geochemistry, microbiology, etc.), while also addressing the regulatory aspect:

• Presentation of the main contaminants in the aquatic environment: chemical contaminants such as major elements, trace metals, organic micropollutants (pesticides, hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, microbiological contaminants...) radioelements and biological contaminants such as micro-organisms, pathogenic bacteria, viruses....

• Focus on certain contaminants in specific aquatic environments, taking into account the hydrochemical characteristics of water in relation to the geological and environmental contexts of hydrological and hydrogeological basins.

• Presentation of interactions between micro-organisms and organic and inorganic contaminants and their consequences on the fate of contaminants in the aquatic environment; application in bioremediation.

These lessons are illustrated by examples from current events, such as antibiotic resistance, and/or from the speakers' own research topics.

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This course should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function, and to identify threats and vulnerability in the face of local pressures and climate change.

It will also enable students to 1) understand the specific features of benthic ecosystem functioning and the ecological roles of its components, 2) acquire in-depth knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, 3) acquire knowledge of the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), climate change and anthropization on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and on these components with socio-economic repercussions. This course will develop networks for monitoring the marine environment and the health of exploited marine animals, while addressing mortality issues.

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The EU content is organized into 3 parts:

1) Water cycle and water balance
- The main reservoirs
- Mechanisms of the water cycle
- Water circulation: from global to watershed scale
- Humans: their influence on the water cycle

2) The aerial phase of the water cycle - Hydrology
- The watershed
- Atmospheric circulation and precipitation
- Evapotranspiration
- Infiltration
- Runoff

3) The underground phase of the water cycle - Hydrogeology
- Porous media and their hydrodynamic properties
- Different types of aquifer
- Piezometric levels and maps

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The "Ocean, Atmosphere, Climate" module introduces the fundamental principles of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, and provides a critical, documented look at climate change. Teaching is based on analysis of official documents describing global change, documented lessons on key issues, and applications to case studies in different global contexts.

The module is shared by the "Coastal engineering and rational coastal development" and "Water and coastline" courses in the STPE and Water masters programs. It can be taken by work-study students wishing to update their knowledge of global change and its relationship to meteorological and atmospheric processes.

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This course is divided into 2 parts, one dealing with surface and atmospheric water, the other with groundwater. This course is a continuation of the Water Cycle course in S1, and lays the essential foundations for the specific hydrodynamics and physical hydrology courses that will take place in S2. It is therefore a transitional course between fundamental knowledge of the water cycle and knowledge specific to the study and characterization of surface and groundwater resources.

Theoretical courses combined with integrated tutorials are complemented by hands-on work on computers and hydrogeological maps.

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