CHOICE 1

This course should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and to identify threats and vulnerability to local pressures and climate change.

It will also allow 1) to know the specificities of the functioning of benthic ecosystems and the ecological roles of its components, 2) to acquire in-depth knowledge in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, 3) to acquire knowledge on the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), of climate change and anthropization on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and on these components with socio-economic repercussions This EU will develop networks for monitoring the marine environment and the health of exploited marine animals by addressing mortality issues.

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This teaching is divided into two parts, one part concerning surface and atmospheric waters, the other part concerning groundwater. This UE is in continuity with the UE Water cycle of S1, and allows to lay the essential bases for the specific teachings of hydrodynamics and physical hydrology which will take place in S2. It is thus a transitional course between fundamental knowledge on the water cycle and specific knowledge on the study and characterization of surface and groundwater resources.

Theoretical courses associated with integrated tutorials are complemented by practical work on computers and hydrogeological maps.

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This course introduces students to the contaminants in the aquatic environment, which are essential for the evaluation of risks to the health of ecosystems and humans and for the management of water resources. This is why the program integrates the presentation of the various contaminants of the environment and the regulations.

This course is taught by research professors and researchers (multidisciplinary course) who develop their research activities around the problems of contaminants in aquatic environments.

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The course is organized in 3 main chapters with alternating tutorials applied to engineering problems. In the first part, after describing the large water reservoirs on a global scale and the basic principles of the water cycle, the effects of human activities on this cycle are discussed. The second part is dedicated to the aerial part of this cycle from precipitation to infiltration. The third part focuses on aquifers and groundwater from the pore scale to the catchment scale.

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The "Ocean, Atmosphere, Climate" module focuses on presenting the fundamental principles of atmospheric dynamics, ocean dynamics and provides a critical and documented look at climate change. The teaching is based on the analysis of official documents describing global change, documented lessons on key issues and applications on case studies in different global contexts.

The module is shared by the "Coastal engineering and rational development of the coastline" and "Water and coastline" courses of the STPE and Water masters. It can be taken by work-study students wishing to update their knowledge of global change and its relationship to weather and atmospheric processes.

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The content of the module is structured as follows: -A series of lectures: 1-Water resources and food security, 2-Environmental impact of agriculture on water resources and aquatic environments, 3-Current advances and challenges in agronomic research for the optimization of water consumption by plants, and 4-Management of water demand in agriculture. -Tutorials: Food security and prospective scenario. -A prospective work in small groups will be implemented to produce scenarios related to the state of water resources and food production on a case study of a southern country.

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