Nanoscience and Quantum Technologies (NanoQuant)

This module covers the fundamentals of physics and technology of semiconductor-based components. Most of the course focuses on component physics. Based on equations describing material properties, the main types of junctions are examined (p/n, metal/SC, MIS). Based on this knowledge, the operation of elementary components (diodes, transistors) is explained. In the second part, the first building blocks of component manufacturing process technology are presented.

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English tutorial course for students enrolled in the Master 1 Physics program who wish to become proficient in scientific English.

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This course is part of the foundation of modern physics. It provides a foundation of knowledge that is essential for all physics courses, as it lays the groundwork for the theoretical description of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and elementary quantum elements such as two-level systems, atoms, and molecules. It also provides the necessary knowledge for understanding LASERs, modern optical devices, and spectroscopic methods and analyses.

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The aim of this module is to enable students to compare experimental reality with their theoretical knowledge. Particular attention is paid to writing up results and presenting them in the form of oral presentations. The work is organized into eight-hour sessions for which a topic is chosen by the students. They record their results and analyses in a laboratory notebook based on the protocols used in laboratories. At the end of the semester, students choose a topic, which they develop in the form of a final report that they defend orally. This course prepares students for the internships they will undertake during their studies.

Examples of experiments available: optical spectroscopy (IR, visible), gamma, X-ray, acoustic; low-temperature photoluminescence; near-field spectroscopy (AFM, STM); electron microscopy...

The range of experiments on offer covers the areas of physics taught in the various physics courses. Students must choose from among the different experiments those that seem most relevant to their interests. A significant effort has been made to integrate new data acquisition technologies and the use of computer tools in order to compare experiment and theory.

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Through two specific examples (X-ray diffraction and vibrations), this module shows in detail how the physical properties of a solid are modeled. The formalism will also be applied to finite systems, such as nanoparticles, and will remain valid for amorphous materials, but particular attention will be paid to periodic systems (from linear chains to protein crystals, graphene, and silicon). Associated with this periodicity, the notion of reciprocal lattices will naturally arise.

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This course includes an upgrade and deepening of programming techniques as well as an introduction to computational physics. We will begin with a review of procedural programming using the Python 3 language. We will then take an in-depth look at numerical methods relevant to physics, studying a selection of classic algorithms from numerical analysis and applying them to physical problems.

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This course aims to introduce and develop several fundamental concepts and tools of non-relativistic quantum physics necessary for understanding the physical processes describing the interactions between the elementary constituents of matter and radiation. We will also address second quantization and the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, which provide the ideal framework for the development of quantum field theory and its various applications (e.g., high-energy physics, condensed matter physics).

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Introduction to advanced statistical physics: grand canonical ensemble; quantum statistics; quantum fluids (Bose-Einstein condensation, thermal radiation; Sommerfeld theory); phase transitions; Ising model; mean field theory; dynamics of complex systems.

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The EU "Condensed Matter Physics 2: Electronic Properties" is intended for students interested in solid-state physics.

Following on from the course unit "Condensed Matter Physics 1: Structural Properties," this course unit addresses the properties of electrons in crystalline solids, the band structure of electronic levels, and the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.

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Internship supervised by a professor/researcher in the field of nanophysics and quantum physics.

Dates: May-June

Duration: 7 weeks minimum, extendable in July

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Knowing how to acquire and process data are essential skills in a scientific and/or technical professional context. The objective of this course is to address three types of standard skills in the professional environment:

· Advanced use of spreadsheets/graphing software (MS EXCEL, LO-CALC) for scientific and technical purposes

· Network interconnections: infrastructure, TCP/IP protocol suite, security

· Introduction to relational databases (MS ACCESS, LO-BASE) – concepts & vocabulary, creating queries, graphical reports, forms.

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Teaching mathematics for numerical physics. Introduction to tools for studying partial differential equations (distributions, variational formulation, Sobolev spaces).

Introduction to integral methods and their numerical implementation. Applications to diffraction problems in harmonic regime.

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This course is designed to provide students with skills in the field of numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in order to simulate complex quantum well structures. The course begins by studying situations where the solution is analytical, then situations where the solution is semi-analytical, before moving on to the finite difference (FD) method. Various FD schemes are proposed, each with an evaluation of convergence based on different key parameters (domain truncation, number of samples, etc.). Finally, examples of concrete physical applications are studied.    

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This EU presents the physical properties of different nanostructures such as quantum wells, 1D photonic crystals, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Electronic (structure and transport), vibrational, and optical properties are discussed, as well as radiation-matter interaction.

This will involve describing the development of low-dimensional materials and the associated electronic, photonic, and phononic structures, studying transport phenomena, electron-photon and electron-phonon couplings, excitons, and the absorption, emission, and scattering of light.

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This teaching unit is an introduction to artificial intelligence for physicists. It aims to explore uses of deep learning using the TensorFlow and Keras libraries. It includes a presentation of examples of use in physics.

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English tutorial course for students enrolled in the Master 2 Physics program who are seeking professional integration in English in a contemporary context.

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This teaching unit deals with solving electromagnetic problems using computers. Based on Maxwell's equations, it shows how to simulate the behavior of electromagnetic waves in different media. In particular, it includes a detailed implementation of simulations based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.

An introduction to diffraction problems in harmonic regime by a bounded obstacle will be given for the case of scalar waves in 2D and 3D.

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This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques used to characterize the structure (in volume and on the surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

• X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
• optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
• local probe microscopy

  This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques used to characterize the structure (in volume and on the surface) and properties (optical, electronic, etc.) of condensed matter:

  • X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
  • optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
  • local probe microscopy

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This EU is specific to the NanoQuant program and offers high-level fundamental training in the field of Quantum Technologies, i.e., current and future developments in new technologies based on concepts such as quantum coherence and entanglement, which enable functionalities and sensitivities that exceed their classical counterparts.

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Internship of at least five months in a laboratory, supervised by a professor-researcher or researcher in the fields of nanophysics or quantum physics.

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This course is an experimental training program in the main techniques of nanocaracterization and nanotechnology:

• AFM
• SEM
• Photoluminescence
• X-ray diffraction
• Ellipsometry
• Optical Microscopy
• Source meter
• Capacitance meter
• Processes for manufacturing microdevices in clean rooms

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