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Electrical energy is one of the essential energy vectors in energy management. It is becoming more important in new applications that reduce the carbon footprint, for example in electric propulsion. Electrical energy is produced by high-power production (thermal power plants) but also increasingly by intermittent sources due to renewable energies (photovoltaic, wind, etc.). This electrical energy produced must be transported and distributed, and the overall management of the transmission and distribution networks is a major constraint.

This teaching unit will :

• To provide theoretical knowledge of modelling the elements of production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
• To define the three-phase sinusoidal regime, the quality of electrical energy and the study of networks unbalanced by symmetrical components.
• Enable the implementation of the modeling of transformers, inductive elements (neutral point coil, etc.), synchronous alternators and asynchronous generators. It will give experimental methods for characterizing its elements.
• Give the conditions for connecting the generators to the electricity grids, the paralleling and the associated settings.
• To enable the establishment of models for lines and cables for electrical distribution. It will give notions of power management and the impact of short circuits in high-power networks. The use of network software will illustrate the phenomena.

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The energy transition is often associated with the objectives of setting up means of production from renewable energies (wind, photovoltaic, hydro, etc.). The use of intermittent sources creates particular constraints for transmission and distribution power systems. This teaching unit will consist of three parts: a technological and theoretical part on networks. A second part on the means of production and renewable energies, highlighting wind energy. Finally, a third part will focus on the digital evolution of electricity networks: smart grids and smart grids.

This teaching unit will :

• Define the technology of all the elements of an HV and LV distribution electrical network.
• To provide the necessary knowledge to understand the functions and characteristics of electrical networks (architecture, aerial, underground, voltage level, power, transformer, alternator, etc.) and
• To allow the choice and implementation of devices according to needs (insulation, protection, control, etc.).
• Define electrical safety rules for interventions, thus making it possible to understand and apply lockout procedures.
• To make it possible to determine, choose and adjust the protections based on the characteristics of the network and the equipment by explaining the calculation of fault currents and the basic use of professional calculation software.
• Detail the choice of earthing connection schemes that meet given specifications and economic criteria, availability and quality constraints, etc.
• To provide a state of the art of electrical energy storage and to present the use of hydrogen as an energy vector associated with electrical energy and the energy transition.
• Describe the means of production and develop the conversion principle for wind and hydropower production.
• Introduce methods for the study of wind projects, analysis of the resource, regulations, connection problems and environmental impact.
• Introduce Smart-Grids and the use of the internet and industrial networks in the protection and control of power grids.

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