M2 - Electrical Energy, Environment and Systems Reliability

Reliability is one of the 4 components of the SdF which are Reliability, Maintainability, Availability and Security. This fundamental component of the SdF is taught in this UE both on the qualitative and quantitative aspects.

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The electrical energy transmission and high-voltage switchgear design industry is faced with the need to find solutions for insulation constraints. They seek to improve the reliability and lifespan of their components (cables, insulators, circuit breakers, etc.). They are seeking to develop innovative solutions for transport to reduce visual pollution of overhead lines such as high-voltage direct voltage (HVDC) electrical links. To do this, it is therefore necessary to characterize and develop new insulation materials and to take into account environmental constraints.

This teaching unit addresses the different properties of insulating and conductive materials, such as conductivity, permittivity, dielectric break... It defines the theory of the physical origin of the various phenomena related to these properties.

Part of the course is also devoted to measurement techniques, characterizations and data analysis related to the different properties of dielectrics.

This teaching unit also includes a course on the particularities of the use of high voltage as well as applications to high voltage switchgear. It will define the functions, characteristics and constraints of this apparatus.

A presentation of HVDC networks is processed, it gives the architectures of converters and links (unipolar, bipolar), characteristics and constraints.

A practical part including measurements and data analysis for the characterization of dielectrics will be carried out during a mini project.

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Photovoltaic solar energy is a clean energy that does not emit greenhouse gases. It produces electrical energy (terrestrial production) contributing to the increase in the energy efficiency of buildings. This energy can also be used in nomadic or embedded solutions associated with storage solutions if necessary.

This teaching unit:

• Will provide the scientific skills necessary to understand the operation of photovoltaic energy systems for the production of electrical energy.
• Define the technologies and characteristics of photovoltaic cells, panels and generators (terrestrial, on-board, space, etc.).
• Define portable, nomadic energies based on photovoltaic systems allowing energy savings and a certain autonomy depending on the situation.
• Define the architectures, control and command of terrestrial and space photovoltaic power generation systems.
• Will introduce the study of photovoltaic projects, resources, regulations, and the issue of connection to the distribution network.

An environmental aspect taking into account the overall impact of photovoltaic energy in the energy transition will be presented by introducing the advantages and disadvantages compared to other intermittent or non-intermittent energy sources.

Practical work will illustrate the essential points introduced during the course of this teaching unit. This theme may be proposed as a Master 2 project.

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In the design of energy conversion systems, in the context of a feasibility study for example, it is essential to use scientific computing software and/or simulation software which will allow substantial time savings.

This teaching unit will:

• To provide knowledge of numerical calculation methods used in commercial software used to solve problems applied to electrical engineering.
• Introduce optimization concepts for the search for an optimal solution under constraint in a problem related to electrical engineering.
• Enable the implementation and application of digital techniques for the processing of data from, for example, the reliability study of an electrical system or power electronics.
• Present the finite element methods and software used for the resolution of physical or multi-physics problems.
• Deal with thermal problems related to energy conversion and will provide theoretical knowledge necessary for the understanding and modeling of thermal phenomena in electrical engineering components and systems (power electronics, HF transformer, distribution cables, etc.).

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The place of electrical energy is preponderant in the development of transport such as, for example, aeronautics and automobiles. The strong environmental and economic constraints of these fields make it imperative to design and develop high power density converters with a high reliability rate.

This teaching unit will:

• To provide students with the key elements for the design, sizing, study and simulation of power converters used in embedded systems as well as other applications, such as the management of electrical energy in renewable or non-renewable energy production, transmission and control systems.
• Present the interest of converters for embedded systems that are continuously evolving towards all-electric and will make the link with the problems posed by the current reliability rates of power electronics.
• Introduce concepts for calculating a carbon footprint and eco-design. These design elements are now essential to design high-performance products and help the success of the energy transition.
• To give students skills on current power electronics devices and will allow them to better understand emerging converter structures.
• Present the constraints related to the use of passive components and more particularly magnetic components operating at high frequencies and which are absolutely necessary for the operation of these converters.

Students will have to be able to carry out a complete project based on a specific specification, which will lead them to study a regulated conversion structure in its entirety.

The practical work associated with the course will allow a better understanding of the technological barriers in the design of high-performance structures in power electronics.

This Teaching Unit will serve as a support for Master 2 projects.

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To reduce our CO2 emissions, key transport industries (automotive, aeronautics, etc.) are seeking to develop innovative travel solutions. Most of these solutions are electric, and these electric motors are mainly made from synchronous motors.

This Teaching Unit will:

• To provide students with the scientific and technological knowledge to model and size a synchronous actuator for specific applications related to the fields of electric propulsion.
• To provide the theoretical knowledge necessary to understand the physical phenomena intrinsic to the operation of synchronous motors (electromagnetic, electrical, thermal, mechanical).
• Define and study the different topologies, organizations of synchronous actuators (windings, rotors, etc.).
• Develop modeling methods to understand the control of a synchronous motor.
• Will present a method for sizing a synchronous actuator with magnets. It will associate this method with finite element software to verify this dimensioning.
• To provide knowledge in order to see the impact of such an actuator in the energy transition and on the environment.

Finally, the practical part will implement the measurement methods and techniques necessary for the study, the modeling of electromagnetic components and the control of synchronous motors. Application work where the measurements made are then exploited with scientific software (Excel, Matlab, femm...) will be used to apply the course. This theme may be proposed as a Master 2 project.

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Dependability (SDF) is the science of failures. It is committed to predicting, measuring and, more broadly, controlling them. In this course, the approach and quantitative aspects of the SdF are taught.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Internship of 5 to 6 months to be carried out in a research laboratory or within a company, highlighting the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Preparation for professional integration.

Teaching provided by a senior HR consultant, former HR manager of large groups, who uses her rich experience in recruitment to serve her teaching.

Pedagogical approach promoting the sharing of experience and the response to students' situations and questions.

General contributions on recruitment from A to Z, how to be more efficient in your search, vision on the approaches of final recruiters, recruitment agencies, service companies.

Simulations of recruitment interviews in small groups with personalized debriefing orchestrated by the teacher.

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TD courses in English for Specialization and English for Communication and which aims at professional autonomy in the English language.

Strengthen and consolidate the achievements of Master 1.

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