M2 - Electrical Energy, Environment and Systems Reliability

Reliability is part of the 4 components of SoTL which are Reliability, Maintainability, Availability and Safety. This fundamental component of SoTL is taught in this course on both qualitative and quantitative aspects.

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The electrical power transmission industry and the design of high voltage switchgear are confronted with the need to find solutions for insulation constraints. They are looking to improve the reliability and lifetime of their components (cables, insulators, circuit breakers ...). They seek to develop innovative solutions for the transport to reduce the visual pollution of overhead lines such as high voltage direct current (HVDC). For this purpose, it is necessary to characterize and develop new insulators and to take into account environmental constraints.

This course covers the different properties of insulating and conducting materials, such as conductivity, permittivity, dielectric breakdown, etc. It defines the theory of the physical origin of the different phenomena related to these properties.

A part of the course is also devoted to measurement techniques, characterizations and data analysis related to the various properties of dielectrics.

This unit also includes a course on the particularities of high voltage use and applications to high voltage equipment. It will define the functions, characteristics and constraints of this equipment.

A presentation of the HVDC networks is given, it gives the architectures of the converters and the links (unipolar, bipolar), the characteristics and the constraints.

A practical part including measurements and data analysis for dielectric characterization will be performed during a mini project.

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Solar photovoltaic energy is a clean energy that does not emit greenhouse gases. It produces electrical energy (terrestrial production) which contributes to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. This energy can also be used in nomadic or embedded solutions associated if necessary with storage solutions.

This teaching unit:

• Will provide the scientific skills necessary to understand the operation of photovoltaic energy systems for the production of electrical energy.
• Define the technologies and characteristics of photovoltaic cells, panels and generators (terrestrial, embedded, space...).
• Will define portable, nomadic energy based on photovoltaic systems allowing energy savings and a certain autonomy depending on the situation.
• Will define the architectures, control and command of terrestrial and space photovoltaic power generation systems.
• Will introduce the study of photovoltaic projects, the resource, the regulations, and the problem of connection to the distribution network.

An environmental aspect taking into account the global impact of photovoltaic energy in the energy transition will be presented by introducing the advantages and disadvantages compared to other energy sources, intermittent or not.

Practical work will illustrate the essential points introduced during the course of this teaching unit. This theme could be proposed as a Master 2 project.

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In the design of energy conversion systems, within the framework of a feasibility study for example, it is essential to use scientific calculation software and/or simulation software which will allow a substantial saving of time.

This unit of instruction will:

• To provide knowledge of numerical calculation methods used in commercial software used to solve problems applied to electrical engineering.
• Introduce optimization concepts for the search of an optimal solution under constraints in a problem related to electrical engineering.
• Enable the implementation and application of numerical techniques for the processing of data from, for example, the study of the reliability of an electrical system or power electronics.
• Present the finite element methods and software used to solve physical or multiphysical problems.
• To deal with thermal problems related to energy conversion and to provide theoretical knowledge necessary for the understanding and modeling of thermal phenomena in electrical engineering components and systems (power electronics, HF transformers, distribution cables...).

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The role of electrical energy is preponderant in the development of transportation such as, for example, aeronautics and automobiles. The strong environmental and economic constraints of these fields make it imperative to design and develop high power-to-weight converters with a high reliability rate.

This unit of instruction will:

• To provide students with the key elements for the design, sizing, study and simulation of power converters used in embedded systems as well as other applications, such as electrical energy management in renewable and non-renewable energy production, transmission and control systems.
• Present the interest of converters for embedded systems that are continuously evolving towards all-electricity and make the link with the problems posed by the current reliability rates of power electronics.
• Introduce concepts that allow for the calculation of a carbon footprint and for eco-design. These elements of design are now essential for designing efficient products and helping to make the energy transition a success.
• Provide students with skills on current power electronics devices and will enable them to better understand emerging converter structures.
• To present the constraints related to the use of passive components and more particularly magnetic components operating at high frequencies and which are absolutely necessary for the operation of these converters.

The students will have to be able to carry out a complete project from a specific specification which will lead them to study in its totality a regulated conversion structure.

The practical work associated with the course will allow a better understanding of the technological barriers in the design of efficient structures in power electronics.

This teaching unit will be used as a support for the Master 2 projects.

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In order to reduce our CO2 emissions, the key transport industries (automotive, aeronautics...) are seeking to develop innovative travel solutions. Most of these solutions are electric, and these electric motors are mainly based on synchronous motors.

This Teaching Unit will:

• To provide students with the scientific and technological knowledge to model and dimension a synchronous actuator for specific applications related to the fields of electric propulsion.
• To provide the theoretical knowledge necessary to understand the physical phenomena intrinsic to the operation of synchronous motors (electromagnetic, electrical, thermal, mechanical).
• Define and study the different topologies and organizations of synchronous actuators (windings, rotors, etc.).
• Develop modeling methods to understand the control of a synchronous motor.
• Will present a method for sizing a synchronous magnet actuator. It will associate this method with finite element software allowing to verify this sizing.
• To bring knowledge to see the impact of such an actuator in the energy transition and on the environment.

Finally, the practical part will implement the methods and techniques of measurements necessary for the study, modeling of electromagnetic components and control of synchronous motors. Application work where the measurements made are subsequently used with scientific software (Excel, Matlab, femm ...) will be used to apply the course. This topic could be proposed as a Master 2 project.

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Dependability is the science of failures. It focuses on predicting, measuring and, more broadly, controlling them. In this course, the approach and the quantitative aspects of FS are taught.

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Project in partnership with a research laboratory and/or a company, emphasizing the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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5 to 6 month internship in a research laboratory or in a company, emphasizing the scientific skills, autonomy and adaptability of the student.

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Preparation for professional integration.

The course is taught by a senior HR consultant and former HRM of large groups, who brings to the teaching her rich experience in recruitment.

A pedagogical approach that favors the sharing of experience and the response to students' situations and questions.

General information on recruitment from A to Z, how to be more efficient in your search, vision on the approaches of final recruiters, recruitment firms, service companies.

Simulated recruitment interviews in small groups with personalized debriefing orchestrated by the teacher.

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Specialized English and English for Communication courses aimed at professional autonomy in the English language.

Reinforce and consolidate the knowledge acquired in Master 1.

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