Modeling and Sizing of a Synchronous Actuator

In order to reduce our CO2 emissions, the key transport industries (automotive, aeronautics...) are seeking to develop innovative travel solutions. Most of these solutions are electric, and these electric motors are mainly based on synchronous motors.

This Teaching Unit will:

• To provide students with the scientific and technological knowledge to model and dimension a synchronous actuator for specific applications related to the fields of electric propulsion.
• To provide the theoretical knowledge necessary to understand the physical phenomena intrinsic to the operation of synchronous motors (electromagnetic, electrical, thermal, mechanical).
• Define and study the different topologies and organizations of synchronous actuators (windings, rotors, etc.).
• Develop modeling methods to understand the control of a synchronous motor.
• Will present a method for sizing a synchronous magnet actuator. It will associate this method with finite element software allowing to verify this sizing.
• To bring knowledge to see the impact of such an actuator in the energy transition and on the environment.

Finally, the practical part will implement the methods and techniques of measurements necessary for the study, modeling of electromagnetic components and control of synchronous motors. Application work where the measurements made are subsequently used with scientific software (Excel, Matlab, femm ...) will be used to apply the course. This topic could be proposed as a Master 2 project.

The objective of this teaching unit is to enable the student to use the hours of lectures and practical work to meet the specifications for the study, sizing and design of a synchronous motor and its control. This teaching unit must allow a student to integrate a design office or a research laboratory for the study and the design of actuators.

The student must be able to define the different topologies and the components of a synchronous actuator, to study and model the phenomena related to the materials used in the machines (magnets, ferromagnetic materials...) and the related phenomena (iron losses, joule losses...).

The student will have to know the control architectures and the characterization methods of an actuator in order to model it. Finally, he/she should be able to use the simulation software used in the design of machines and their control and to apply the proposed models.

First year Master's degree or scientific and technological baccalaureate +5 with teachings on the basic principles of the operation of electrical machines and the theoretical bases of electromagnetism and magnetostatics.

Have knowledge of basic notions in power electronics, electrical energy converters for actuator control.

To know the methods of mathematical resolution of a magnetostatic problem.

Recommended prerequisites*:

To have followed the UE HAE706E Energy Conversion Systems of Master 1 EEA

To have followed the UE HAE805E Energy Production and Network Modeling of the Master 1 EEA course Electrical Energy, Environment and System Reliability.

Continuous assessment for the course and the practical work.

Percentage of 70% for the course and 30% for the practical part

1. Introduction: actuators in the energy transition. Electric propulsion, aeronautical applications. Carbon footprint and eco-design. Reliability of an actuator.
2. Reminder of Electromagnetism: basic laws of physics, study of magnetic circuits, induction, calculation of f.m.m, magnetic energy, virtual work
3. Magnetic materials: properties, characteristics, uses. Modeling of a magnet, modeling of a hysteresis cycle. Calculation of iron and Joule losses in electric actuators
4. Definition of windings in electrical machines. Calculation of the characteristics of a winding.
5. Inductances in electric actuators.
6. General and detailed principles of the coupling of magnetic fields in an electric machine (virtual work, power balance, Maxwell tensor...). Intrinsic limits of operation of electric machines. Design and sizing of synchronous magnet actuators
7. Modeling of a synchronous actuator. Electric motor and definition. Characterization and testing of an actuator. Finite element simulation of an actuator.
8. Control principle of a synchronous motor. Operating cycle of an actuator. Reminder of the DC Brushless control principle. AC Brushless control principle. Control architecture in normal and degraded mode.

CM : 18h

TP : 24h