Sociology of Scientific and Technological Controversies

Sociologists of science view controversies as inherent to the process of knowledge production. They refer to (1) situations in which scientists debate and either disagree or reach agreement regarding the data they generate, as well as (2) mobilizations that arise within the context of institutionalized public debates or more informal exchanges. These controversies provide an opportunity to observe science and decision-making in action, as they draw on knowledge that has not yet been established. They offer examples from which to rethink the relationship between science and society—and, in doing so, the challenges of technical democracy—at the intersection of several disciplines.

The “Controversies” course aims to raise awareness among students in the Master’s program in Water and Society about the scientific and technical issues that consistently fuel debates regarding water and the environment. Against the backdrop of an ecological crisis marked by proliferating risks and warnings, the course aims to introduce students—through theoretical sociological training (illustrated by case studies from various fields of knowledge), supplemented by an investigation into a water- or environment-related controversy (conducted in the second semester as part of the HMEA 212 course)—to the uncertainties they will face throughout their professional and civic lives.

Required prerequisites*: an interest in earth and life sciences; strong reading skills and a passion for discussion

Recommended prerequisites*: a basic understanding of the humanities and social sciences is helpful, though not strictly required; however, a genuine commitment to mastering new approaches is expected; fluency in English is helpful

-individual presentations

-oral exam

-drafting a programmatic report on the analysis of controversies

1. Theoretical Issues in the Sociology of Controversies

1. Example of a Water Controversy (Film and Discussion)

1. Science in the Making

1. History of Science and Objectivity

1. Support for Research on Controversies

1. The Production of Knowledge: Tools and Places

1. Research Strategy and Qualitative Methods

1. Uncertainties and Unfinished Science.

1. The Expansion of Research Groups: Experts and Laypeople

1. Introduction to Quantitative Methods

1. Scientific Issues in Public Debate

1. Introduction to Quantitative Methods (continued)

Each thematic session is led by the instructor and supplemented by student presentations. A reading list is provided before the first session. Time for group work and support upon request are provided. The course may be extended into the second semester with a research project.