Metrology & Photonic Instrumentation

This module describes the operating principles of photonic components and examines their use in the development of systems, instruments, and sensors. Examples of instruments and sensors will be detailed, with contributions from researchers in the field.

• Principles of operation of optical components, particularly in guided optics.
• Presentation of the instruments associated with these components and their characterization.
• Metrology concepts based on examples of photonic sensors.

Knowledge of propagation, waveguides, interference, diffraction.

Recommended prerequisites:

Knowledge of wave theory and photonics.

Final exam

1 - Basic principles (9 hours)

• Introduction to coupling 
• Diffraction grating
• Transverse multimode interference
• Longitudinal interference
• Scattering (Rayleigh, Raman, Brillouin)
• Faraday effect (physical effects interactions/sensors), 
• Anisotropy and polarization
• Electro-optical effect
• Dispersion reminders

2 - Optical components (9 hours)

• Phase modulators and amplitude modulators (Mach Zehnder)
• Optical isolators, circulators
• Evanscent field coupler 
• Y-coupler, star-shaped
• Wavelength (demultiplexer) (Guide network, coupled guides, etc.)
• Insertion/extraction coupler
• Resonators

3 - Instrumentation (12 hours) 

• Optical spectrum analyzer, FTIR (1.5 hours)
• OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) (white light, frequency scanning). (1.5 hours)
• LIDAR (1.5 hours)
• Imaging/camera (4.5 hours) 
• Wavefront measurement (1.5 hours)

4 – Measurement/metrology (12 hours)

• Examples of photonic measurements and sensors (6 hours)

• • Refractometer sensors
  • Bragg grating sensors (sensitivities to temperature, strain, pressure, interrogation techniques)
  • Gyroscopes (Sagnac effect, Gyrolaser, ring resonators)
  • Thermometers (pyrometer, Raman effect)
  • Optical reflectometry (time domain, frequency domain, or polarization domain)
  • Networking

• Presentations of specific sensors related to local research activities:

• • Gas sensors (3 hours) 
  • Plasmonic Sensors (1.5 hours) 
  • Photovoltaic Cells (1.5 hours)

CM: 42 hours