Energy Production and Electrical Network Modeling

Electrical energy is one of the key energy vectors in energy management. It is becoming increasingly important in new applications that reduce carbon footprints, such as electric propulsion. Electricity is generated by high-power plants (thermal power stations) but also, increasingly, by intermittent sources using renewable energies (photovoltaic, wind, etc.). This electricity must be transported and distributed, and the overall management of transmission and distribution networks is a major constraint.

This teaching unit will:

• Provide theoretical knowledge of modeling the elements of electrical energy production, transmission, and distribution.
• Enable the definition of the three-phase sinusoidal regime, the quality of electrical energy, and the study of unbalanced networks by symmetrical components.
• Enable the modeling of transformers, inductive elements (neutral point coil, etc.), synchronous alternators, and asynchronous generators. It will provide experimental methods for characterizing these elements.
• Provide the conditions for connecting generators to electrical grids, parallel connection, and associated settings.
• Enable the establishment of models for power distribution lines and cables. It will provide an introduction to power management and the impact of short circuits in high-power networks. The use of network software will help illustrate these phenomena.

The objective of this teaching unit is that, at the end of this course consisting of lectures and practical work, students will be able to model and characterize the components of electrical energy production, transmission, and distribution networks.

Students must be able to study a problem involving sinusoidal sources and electrical loads in transient or steady-state operating modes.

Students must be able to produce or study test sheets for a transformer, a synchronous alternator, or an asynchronous generator.

Students must know how to use network simulation software to study management, power transmission, and the impact of short circuits.

Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or science and technology with courses on the basic principles of electrical engineering (sinusoidal waveforms, transformers, etc.).

Be familiar with the basic concepts of mathematical tools for studying sinusoidal waves (complex calculations, Fresnel representation, trigonometry).

Have knowledge of the basic principles of how electrical machines work.

Continuous assessment unit for the course and practical work.

70% for the course and 30% for the practical work component

1. Sinusoidal regime – Reminders. Transient and steady-state regimes. Balanced and unbalanced regimes. Power ratings. Nonlinear load. Harmonics. Symmetrical components: definitions, use. Reduced units.
2. Modeling of a three-phase transformer. Inductance model. Complex hourly index. Transformer testing – Equivalent circuit. Grid connection – Parallel connection. Inductive elements in a network (neutral point coil, etc.)
3. Modeling synchronous alternators. Introduction: presentation. Behn-Eschenburg model.Potiers model. Blondel model with two reactances. PQ diagram of an alternator. Identification of an alternator. Grid connection – Parallel connection – Adjustments.
4. Modeling of an asynchronous generator. Principle of production of an asynchronous generator. Operation on an isolated (islanded) network. Identification of an asynchronous generator. Connection to the network.
5. Modeling of lines and cables. Modeling of electrical networks. Quality of electrical networks. Reactive power management. PowerFlow – Short-circuit management.

CM: 30 hours

Practical work: 9 p.m.