Master 2 - IDIL Chemistry for Healthcare, Protection, and Nutrition Applications

- Review of the thermodynamics of single-component systems.

- Fundamentals of thermodynamics for multicomponent systems. Chemical potential, the Gibbs-Duhem relation, variance.

- Overview of thermal analysis techniques used to construct binary and ternary phase diagrams: ATG, ATD, and DSC

- Construction and interpretation of binary phase diagrams based on thermodynamic variables. Gibbs free energy, pressure, and temperature diagrams as functions of the composition of the binary mixture. Liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-liquid mixtures.

- Phase transitions: first- and second-order transitions, critical points. Examples.

- The supercritical state: definition, thermodynamic properties, and the most widespread industrial applications.

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, definitions of ternary eutectics, first- and second-order peritectics, isothermal sections, and study of alloy cooling.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 13

TD: 7

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Replacing petroleum-based materials is an increasingly important issue from both a technological and economic perspective. This module provides students with the skills needed in the fields of agropolymers, bio-based polymers, degradable materials, and biocomposites. New, more environmentally friendly synthesis methods will be presented to enable the preparation of synthetic degradable polymers.

The degradation, biodegradation, and recyclability of polymers will also be discussed

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11CM

            TD: 9 TDs

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The EU's thematic areas are as follows:

A theoretical section on chemoinformatics

A theoretical section focused specifically on modeling tools for drug design

Hourly Volumes*:

CM: 3:00 p.m. 

TD: 5 hours

A section focused on practical skills, including computer work

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Material development involves numerous coupled phenomena, some of which are related to the nature of the materials and their intrinsic properties, while others are linked to the processes employed during the transformation of matter and/or energy. Morphogenesis is therefore the result of interdependent, coupled mechanisms, whose relative kinetics will lead to one structure or another. Mastering and controlling these coupled mechanisms requires a thorough understanding of the transformation dynamics of the materials themselves, as well as a precise description of the transfer and transport phenomena involved in the process. Integration into the reactive environment will be addressed at the end of the course unit.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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Peptides and proteins consist of chains of amino acid residues that confer specific properties upon them. Their functionality depends on their sequence—and thus on the chemical functions they possess—and is also greatly influenced by their structure. In addition to conventional peptide synthesis, advanced options for functional modification, structural changes, and property adjustments—which can significantly alter or enhance the properties of the resulting peptide—will be explored. Significant biotechnological developments in both the chemical and biological fields will be discussed, leading to a wide range of applications in which peptides and proteins are successfully utilized.

Hourly Volumes*:

CM: 15

TD: 5

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One of the major challenges associated with the use of various materials in our daily lives is their durability—and, consequently, their degradation. In this course, we will address issues related to material durability (resources, reserves, material criticality, etc.) as well as methodologies for studying durability (types of surface/volume aging, temporal extrapolation, multiscale analysis, combination of effects, experimental representation, and industrial validation). This will then enable us to model the kinetics of aging using various models.

The various types of degradation affecting polymers will then be analyzed.

Finally, the aging of various types of materials will be illustrated through a number of real-world case studies (concrete, ceramics, metals, and elastomers).

Hours per week*: 11 hours CM:

                                    9:00 a.m. Tutorial

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Knowledge of the major families of polymers used in the biomedical field.

1) Unique Characteristics of Polymers for Biomedical Applications and Major Families of Polymers Used

2) Description of Application Families

3) Discussion of the concept of synthesis and the relationship between structure, properties, and specifications

Hourly Volumes*:

CM: 3:00 p.m.

TD: 5 H

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This course is dedicated to introducing materials and nanomaterials intended for use in the biomedical field (imaging, therapy, implants, etc.). The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of healthcare issues in which materials and nanomaterials play an indispensable role in diagnosis, therapy, and well-being. Strategies for developing the materials and nanomaterials of the future will also be discussed.

The prerequisites for the development of materials for healthcare and their behavior and interaction with a living organism will be explained. Examples of inorganic materials and nanomaterials (inorganic nanoparticles, various implant materials, etc.), organic materials (polymers, liposomes, etc.), and biologically derived materials used as contrast agents for various types of imaging, as therapeutic agents, or as implants will be presented.

The EU program includes instruction delivered through lectures and seminars. 

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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This course unit is dedicated to introducing inorganic materials and nanomaterials intended for use in the biomedical field (imaging, therapy, implants). This course unit builds upon the knowledge acquired in course unit HAC930C (Development of Materials for Health). The course aims to explore health-related issues and the role of inorganic materials and nanomaterials in diagnosis, therapy, and well-being. Strategies for developing future inorganic materials and nanomaterials based on theragnostics, multifunctionality, and smart materials will also be addressed.

The EU program includes lectures and tutorials. Students will be assigned a group project on the (theoretical) study of a material or inorganic nanomaterials for health applications.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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Membrane materials are typically divided into two categories: polymer membranes and inorganic (or ceramic) membranes. Each of these categories will be covered in this course unit. The first part will focus on the design of polymer membranes. In this section, we will primarily discuss phase inversion preparation techniques (NIPS, VIPS, TIPS), with an overview of research and innovation (SNIPS, aquaporins, etc.). In addition, we will describe additives (particularly pore-forming agents and hydrophilizing agents), which play an important role in phase inversion approaches, and we will present the various methods for chemically modifying membranes after synthesis. The second part will be devoted to the design of inorganic membranes. In this section, we will present, on the one hand, wet processes—namely the main methods for depositing liquid films (dip-coating, spin-coating, spraying, tape-casting, screen printing) and deposition from solutions (electrolytic or chemical processes) or suspensions (electrophoresis, Langmuir-Blodgett), and, second, dry processes (PVD techniques [evaporation and sputtering], CVD techniques [thermal, PECVD, and ALD], MBE, and surface treatment). Finally, to illustrate these two families of membranes, we will discuss case studies on membrane applications, particularly in the field of packaging.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11:00 a.m.

            TD: 9 a.m.

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Understanding of screening techniques for bioactive molecules, and, more generally, in vitro assays used to measure a biological event in the context of drug discovery or diagnosis.

1) Pharmacological and biophysical fundamentals describing a biological event that is the subject of biological tests:

2) Biological tests for the development of drugs or diagnostic tools

3) Applications, case studies, critical analyses.

Hourly Volumes*:

CM: 3:00 p.m.

TD: 5 hours

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This course unit will cover the main conventional membrane technologies in liquid and gas media. With regard to liquid media, the focus will be on baromembrane technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, as well as those based on electrochemical potential gradients (electrodeionization) or temperature gradients (membrane distillation). In addition, gas permeation and pervaporation for the separation of gases and/or vapors will also be presented. For all technologies, the issue of selecting suitable membrane materials will be addressed, and representative examples of appropriate applications (related to current environmental and energy challenges) will be provided.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11:00 a.m.

            TD: 9 a.m.

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This course is designed to build on the fundamentals of organic chemistry and coordination chemistry covered in the third year of the bachelor’s program and to introduce concepts related to molecular engineering and molecular chemistry. The course consists of lectures and tutorials. Students will prepare for certain lectures and tutorials using provided course materials, enabling them to actively participate in class and tutorials, understand the concepts presented, and acquire the necessary skills. A study plan and related activities will be provided. For students who have not covered the fundamentals of coordination chemistry and organic chemistry, relevant materials will be made available.

Coordination Chemistry: The course will cover various aspects of transition metal and lanthanide complexes, molecular materials (polynuclear complexes and coordination polymers with extended structures, such as MOFs, etc.), as well as their properties and applications. Structural aspects, bond characterization, properties, and issues related to stability and reactivity will be addressed. Emphasis will be placed on the complexation effect and the stability of complexes of metals, lanthanides, and actinides with certain ligands, with a view to applications in the biomedical field (imaging and therapy), decontamination (nuclear field), etc. The electronic properties (relaxivity, magnetism) and optical properties (absorption, luminescence) of these complexes will be discussed and placed in the context of applications in various fields, such as imaging, electronics, sensors, etc.

Organic Chemistry: This course builds on the knowledge acquired during the Bachelor’s program and will provide a systematic study of the main reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry, establishing a common foundation for all students in the Master’s in Chemistry program. The main processes (substitution, addition, elimination, transposition, etc.) and their essential characteristics and applications to mechanistic sequences will be examined. This course is designed to equip students with general tools for analyzing mechanisms (ionic, radical, and concerted) so they can understand these mechanisms in all their variety.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 1:00 p.m.

TD: 7 H

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It is essential today to design products that are environmentally friendly throughout their entire life cycle. It is widely recognized that as a product moves through the various stages of manufacturing, technical options narrow and the opportunities to reduce environmental impacts diminish accordingly. Therefore, environmental considerations must be integrated right from the start—that is, at the product design stage.

The method is based on a product's life cycle analysis. It takes into account factors such as:

• The selection of materials and raw materials
• The technologies used during the manufacture, use, and maintenance of the product, as well as during its disposal as waste.
• The product's lifespan and the ability to recover materials at the end of its life (recycling, etc.).
• Analysis of user behavior.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11:00 a.m.

            TD: 9:00 a.m.

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Understanding the limitations associated with the administration of an active ingredient (solubility, bioavailability, etc.).

General description of the enzymatic systems involved in the biotransformation of nutrients and exogenous compounds.

Description of the main modes of membrane transport and transport systems for fundamental biomolecules (sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, etc.).

Examples of prodrug and bioprecursor designs.

Hourly Volumes*:

CM: 3:00 p.m.

TD: 5 H

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