Master 2 - IDIL Chemistry for healthcare, protection, and nutrition applications

- Review of thermodynamics of single-component systems.

- Basic concepts of thermodynamics in multicomponent systems. Chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem relation, variance.

- Concepts related to thermal analysis techniques used to construct binary/ternary diagrams: ATG, ATD, and DSC

- Construction and interpretation of binary phase diagrams based on thermodynamic quantities. Gibbs free enthalpy, pressure, and temperature diagrams as a function of the composition of the binary mixture. Liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-liquid mixtures.

- Phase transformations: first- and second-order transitions, critical points. Examples.

- The supercritical state: definition, thermodynamic properties, most widespread industrial applications.

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, definitions of ternary eutectic, first and second order peritectic, isothermal section, study of alloy cooling.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 13

TD: 7

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Replacing petroleum-based materials is becoming an increasingly important issue from both a technological and economic perspective. This module enables students to acquire skills in the field of agropolymers, bio-based polymers, degradable materials, and biocomposites. New, more environmentally friendly synthesis methods will be presented with a view to preparing synthetic degradable polymers.

The degradation, biodegradation, and recyclability of polymers will also be discussed.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11CM

            TD: 9 TD

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The EU themes are as follows:

A theoretical section dedicated to chemoinformatics

A theoretical section dedicated more specifically to modeling tools for drug design

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 3 p.m. 

Tutorial: 5 hours

A section dedicated to practical skills with computer work

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The development of materials involves numerous coupled phenomena, some of which are linked to the nature of the materials and their intrinsic properties, while others are linked to the processes used during material and/or energy transformation operations. Morphogenesis is therefore the result of interdependent, coupled mechanisms, whose relative kinetics will lead to one structure or another. Mastering and controlling these coupled mechanisms requires a good understanding of the transformation dynamics of the materials themselves, as well as a precise description of the transfer and transport phenomena involved in the process. Integration into the reactive environment will be addressed at the end of the course unit.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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Peptides and proteins are made up of chains of amino acid residues that give them specific properties. Their functionality depends on their sequence and therefore on the chemical functions they carry, and is also greatly modulated by their structure. In addition to conventional peptide synthesis, advanced options for functional modification, structures, and properties that can significantly alter or improve the properties of the resulting peptide will be developed. Significant biotechnological developments in both the chemical and biological fields will be addressed, leading to a wide range of applications in which peptides and proteins are used successfully.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 15

TD: 5

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One of the major issues related to the use of different materials in our daily lives is their durability and therefore their degradation. In this course, we will address issues related to the sustainability of materials (resources, reserves, criticality of materials, etc.) as well as methodologies for studying sustainability (types of surface/volume aging, temporal extrapolation, multi-scale, combination of effects, experimental representation, and industrial validation). This will then allow us to model the kinetics of aging using different models.

The different types of degradation affecting polymers will then be analyzed.

Finally, the aging of different types of materials will be illustrated by various concrete case studies (concrete, ceramics, metals, and elastomers).

Hours per week*: 11 hours CM:

                                    9 a.m. tutorial

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Knowledge of the major families of polymers used in the biomedical field.

1) Specificity of polymers for biomedical applications and major families of polymers used

2) Description of application families

3) Discussion on the concept of synthesis and the relationship between structure, properties, and specifications

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 3 p.m.

Tutorial: 5 hours

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This teaching unit is dedicated to presenting materials and nanomaterials intended for use in the biomedical field (imaging, therapy, implants, etc.). The aim is to provide a representative overview of health issues where materials and nanomaterials play an essential role in diagnosis, therapy, and well-being. Strategies for developing the materials and nanomaterials of the future will also be discussed.

The prerequisites for developing materials for healthcare and their behavior/interaction with living organisms will be explained. Examples of inorganic materials and nanomaterials (inorganic nanoparticles, various materials for implants, etc.), organic materials (polymers, liposomes, etc.) and materials of biological origin used as contrast agents for various types of imaging, as therapeutic agents, or as implants will be presented.

The EU offers courses taught through lectures and tutorials. 

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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This teaching unit is dedicated to the presentation of inorganic materials and nanomaterials intended for use in the biomedical field (imaging, therapy, implants). This teaching unit builds on the knowledge acquired in teaching unit HAC930C (Development of Materials for Health). It aims to develop health issues and inorganic materials and nanomaterials in diagnosis, therapy, and well-being. Strategies for developing the inorganic materials and nanomaterials of the future based on theranostics and multifunctionality, as well as smart materials, will also be addressed.

The EU includes lectures and tutorials. Students will be offered a group project on the (theoretical) study of inorganic materials or nanomaterials for health.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11

            TD: 9

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Membrane materials are usually divided into two families: polymer membranes and inorganic (or ceramic) membranes. Each of these families will be covered in this course unit. The first part will focus on the design of polymer membranes. In this part, we will mainly discuss phase inversion preparation techniques (NIPS, VIPS, TIPS) with an overview of research and innovation (SNIPS, aquaporin, etc.). In addition, additives (particularly porogens and hydrophilic agents), which play an important role in phase inversion approaches, will be described, and the various methods of chemical modification of post-synthesis membranes will be presented. The second part will be devoted to the design of inorganic membranes. In this part, we will present, on the one hand, wet processes, namely the main methods of liquid film deposition (dip-coating, spin-coating, spraying, tape-casting, screen printing-screen engraving) and deposition from solutions (electrolytic or chemical processes) or suspensions (electrophoresis, Langmuir-Blodgett), and dry processes (PVD techniques (evaporation and spraying), CVD techniques (thermal, PECVD, and ALD), MBE, surface treatment). Finally, to illustrate the two families of membranes, we will discuss case studies on membrane applications, particularly in the field of packaging.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11 a.m.

            Tutorial: 9 a.m.

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Understanding of screening techniques for bioactive molecules, and more generally in vitro tests used to measure a biological event in the context of drug discovery or diagnosis.

1) Pharmacological and biophysical fundamentals describing a biological event, target of biological tests:

2) Biological tests for the development of medicines or diagnostics

3) Applications, case studies, critical analyses.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 3 p.m.

Tutorial: 5 hours

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This EU will address the main conventional membrane technologies in liquid and gas environments. With regard to liquid environments, the focus will be on baromembrane technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, as well as technologies based on electrochemical potential gradients (electrodeionization) or temperature gradients (membrane distillation). In addition, gas permeation and pervaporation for the separation of gases and/or vapors will also be presented. For all technologies, the question of choosing suitable membrane materials will be addressed and representative examples of appropriate areas of use (related to current environmental and energy issues) will be given.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11 a.m.

            Tutorial: 9 a.m.

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This teaching unit is dedicated to deepening the foundations of organic chemistry and coordination chemistry covered in L3 and to acquiring concepts related to molecular engineering and molecular chemistry. The teaching unit consists of lectures and tutorials. Students will prepare for certain lectures and tutorials using course materials provided, enabling them to participate fully in the lectures and tutorials, understand the concepts presented, and acquire the necessary skills. The progression program and activities will be proposed. For students who have not studied the basics of coordination chemistry and organic chemistry, documents will be made available.

Coordination chemistry: The course will cover various aspects of transition metal and lanthanide complexes, molecular materials (polynuclear complexes and coordination polymers with extended structures (MOFs, etc.)) as well as their properties and applications. Structural aspects, bond descriptions, properties, and aspects related to stability and reactivity will be addressed. Emphasis will be placed on the complexation effect and the stability of metal, lanthanide, and actinide complexes with certain ligands for applications in the biomedical field (imaging and therapy), decontamination (nuclear field), etc. The electronic (relaxivity, magnetism) and optical (absorption, luminescence) properties of these complexes will be discussed and placed in the context of applications in various fields, such as imaging, electronics, sensors, etc.

Organic Chemistry: The course builds on the knowledge acquired in the Bachelor's degree and will use a reasoned study approach to address the main reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry, providing a common foundation for all students in the Master's in Chemistry program. The main processes (substitution, addition, elimination, transposition, etc.) and their essential characteristics and applications to mechanistic sequences will be examined. This course should provide students with general tools for analyzing mechanisms (ionic, radical, concerted) in order to understand these mechanisms in all their variety.

Hourly volumes:

CM: 1:00 PM

Tutorial: 7 hours

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It is now essential to design products that are environmentally friendly throughout their entire life cycle. It is widely accepted that as a product progresses through the manufacturing stages, the technical choices available become more limited and the opportunities to reduce environmental impacts diminish accordingly. It is therefore necessary to integrate environmental considerations from the outset, i.e., at the product design stage.

The method is based on analyzing a product's life cycle. It takes into account factors such as:

• The choice of materials and raw materials
• The technologies used during the manufacture, use, maintenance, and disposal of the product.
• The product's lifespan and the possibility of recovering materials at the end of its life (recycling, etc.).
• Analysis of user behavior.

Hourly volumes:

            CM: 11 a.m.

            Tutorial: 9 a.m.

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Knowledge of the limitations associated with the administration of an active ingredient (solubility, bioavailability, etc.).

General description of the enzyme systems involved in the biotransformation of nutrients and exogenous compounds.

Description of the main modes of membrane passage and transport systems for fundamental biomolecules (sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, etc.).

Examples of prodrug(s) and bioprecursor(s) design.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 3 p.m.

Tutorial: 5 hours

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