Supplementary Material on Solution Chemistry

The purpose of this course on solution chemistry is to introduce the various concepts necessary for studying the complex liquid mixtures used in separative chemistry. The approach taken is primarily thermodynamic. In particular, the course explains the role of concentration effects, beyond the ideal laws that apply only to dilute solutions.

CM: 12:00 p.m.

TD: 8 H

: The goal is to equip future master’s degree graduates with a solid foundation of knowledge to describe complex solutions and interpret scientific data and the literature in the field of separative chemistry.

General chemistry at the undergraduate level in a bachelor's degree program in chemistry and/or physics.

Bachelor's Degree in Thermodynamics and the Structure of Matter.

Final exam, with a possible second session.

I General Thermodynamics Applied to Solutions

Donder's Criterion - LAM - Central Role of Chemical Potential - Ideal Solution - Ideal Mixture – Quantity Characterizing the Composition of a Mixture – Effects of Activity Coefficients – Experimental Measurement of Activity Coefficients - Gibbs-Duhem Equation -

Application: CMC measurement, a practical example of activity measurement for lanthanide salts—comparison of equilibria—micellization models

II Acid-Base Balances and the Role of Concentration

The Importance of pH in Species Formation—Experimental Methods—The Role of Solvents—The Case of Concentrated Solutions—The Case of Water: pOH and the Pivotal Role of Hydroxides

Applications: Separation of actinides using an acidic extractant; solubility of metal ions

III Redox Equilibria and Speciation Diagrams

Redox Reaction Review - Pourbaix Diagrams - Plotting and Use

Applications: the relatively simple case of the lanthanides, the much more challenging case of the actinides

IV. Complexation Equilibria

Ligands and Solvation - Successive Equilibria - Classification of Ligands - Enthalpy and Entropy Factors - pC

Applications: Transition Elements—Supramolecular Chemistry and Separative Chemistry—Generalized Speciation Diagrams

V Precipitation Equilibria

Solubility - Competition between ionic species - solid solutions - kinetic factors

Application: Berthelot-Nernst and Doerner-Hoskins coprecipitation.

Administrative contact(s):

Master's in Chemistry Office

https://master-chimie.edu.umontpellier.fr/