Training structure
Faculty of Science
Language(s) of instruction
French
Presentation
Program
Select a program
M1 - Plant Biodiversity and Management of Tropical Ecosystems (BioGET)
Study of variability
4 creditsCHOICES1
2 creditsYour choice: 1 of 2
Advanced data processing
2 creditsDescription and inference
2 credits
Ecology 1: concepts, tools, and applications
8 creditsEvolution 1
8 creditsEnglish and professionalization
2 credits15hTropical plant biology
6 credits
M1 S2 internship
14 creditsCHOICES3
4 creditsYour choice: 1 of 2
Ecology and societies
4 creditsMacroecology / Biogeography
4 credits
Ethnoecology and biocultural interactions
4 creditsUE Project M1
4 creditsCHOICE2
4 creditsChoice of 1 of 3
Evolutionary genomics
4 creditsEXDIM: Multidimensional Data Mining
4 creditsIntegrative Ecophysiology
4 credits
M2 - Plant Biodiversity and Management of Tropical Ecosystems (BioGET)
M2 Project
10 credits3hCHOICES1
4 creditsYour choice: 1 of 2
Ecology: Issues and controversies
4 credits6hSoil ecology and biogeochemical cycles
4 credits
Ecology of tropical forests
2 credits15hProfessionalization and scientific writing
2 credits15hCHOICE2
4 creditsChoice of 1 of 3
CHOICES3
2 creditsChoice of 1 of 3
Agroforestry
2 credits15hBayesian approach to variability
2 creditsStrategic Environmental Management Analysis
2 credits
CHOICES4
2 creditsChoice of 1 of 5
Ethnoecology and sustainable development
2 credits15hPolicies of nature
2 credits15h
Professionalization & Integration
2 creditsM2 S4 internship
28 credits
Study of variability
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
"General linear models with 1 or more explanatory random variables: from translating the figure that answers the biological question to the statistical model, i.e., taking into account many effects and knowing how to interpret them
general properties seen through regression and 1-factor ANOVA (R2, F, ddl, least squares, likelihood, diagnosis, validation, goodness of fit, interpretation of effect sizes); nested and cross-factor ANOVA, multiple regression (notion of parameter and effects, and interaction)
incorporation of the dependence of explanatory random variables, confounding of effects (quantitative for multiple regression, and unbalanced designs for ANOVA)".
Advanced data processing
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Generalized linear mixed models + methodology and experimental protocols to take into account a biological reality: non-normal law and pseudo-replication
Protocol optimization, power and uncontrolled 1st order risk: variable transformation, polynomial regression, link function, likelihood, model selection
Deviance analysis and goodness of fit
Incorporation of blocks, repeated measurements over time, taking into account spatial and temporal correlation, over-dispersion
Graphical representation of predictions.
Description and inference
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to provide the necessary basis in statistics to follow all the more elaborate modules of the curriculum, so it is a general refresher. Descriptive statistics are reviewed (quantile, polygon of cumulative frequencies, estimators from samples), simple tests are presented, essential graphs for univariate and multivariate data are presented, the general principle of a statistical test, the hypothesis plan, the notion of p-value, first and second species risk are presented. In practical exercises, students are also brought up to speed in the R environment.
Ecology 1: concepts, tools, and applications
ECTS
8 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The general objective is to consolidate the basic knowledge of ecology acquired by the students, and to give them the tools to mobilize it in an integrative way to interpret the functioning of ecological systems. The courses include: 1) lectures on the concepts of ecology from the population scale to macroecological scales, with examples of applications that place the discipline in the current ecological and societal context; 2) practical and directed work focused on tools (sampling strategies, modeling, data analysis); 3) field courses during which students are invited to ask themselves relevant scientific questions based on observation in a situation, and to mobilize their knowledge in order to respond to them in an argumentative manner.
Synthetic content of the EU :
- CM: History of the emergence of concepts in ecology; Population dynamics / metapopulations; Biotic interactions and food webs; Community ecology, meta-communities; Ecology of ecosystems / functional ecology; Notions of macroecology / biogeography; Global changes and ecosystem functioning;
- Field: Integrative Analysis of Ecosystem Functioning in Situations;
- TD/TP: sampling and experimental strategies in ecology; modeling in population/meta-population dynamics, community/meta-community ecology, food webs; biodiversity metrics (alpha, beta, etc)."
Evolution 1
ECTS
8 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
"The general objective is to consolidate the students' bases in evolutionary biology, by approaching both (i) macro-evolutionary phenomena, and the general methods used for their analysis and (ii) micro-evolutionary processes by insisting on the population genetic approach. The objective of this course is to provide a common base of solid knowledge in evolutionary biology and to illustrate the applications of the discipline to the students' future fields of specialization. The teaching includes: 1) lectures on evolutionary concepts; 2) practical work in two main forms: 2a. sessions focused on the use of tools (phylogeny) and on the mathematical formalization of evolutionary processes (population genetics) as well as 2b: sessions built around group work, allowing students, depending on their career path and professional objectives, to go deeper into a particular theme (fundamental question or application of evolutionary biology)."
English and professionalization
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
English tutorials aimed at professional autonomy in the English language.
Tropical plant biology
ECTS
6 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to introduce students to the diversity of plants in tropical environments, from a botanical, morphological and functional point of view. Lessons include an introduction to tropical biodiversity and its observation, the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the major tropical families, the life forms of tropical plants (morphology and anatomy, architecture), their ecophysiology (diversity of phenolic compounds, link with adaptation and distribution), functional ecology (general notions, responses to environmental gradients, specializations, plant succession), the diversity of biotic interactions, notions of coevolution (symbioses, reproductive systems, dispersion).
M1 S2 internship
ECTS
14 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The individual internship in M1 lasts about three months and must be carried out, depending on the course, in a research laboratory or a structure in the non-academic sector. It allows the student to acquire professional experience in the field of biodiversity, evolution or ecology. It can be carried out in a local, national, or international structure, on a subject validated by the teaching staff in order to meet the objectives of the course followed by the student.
Evaluation: The preparation of the internship is a graded exercise based on a written document and a defense of the internship project. The internship work is evaluated during a public defense before a jury during which the content of the thesis and the quality of the answers to the jury's questions are evaluated. The behavior and dynamism of the student during the internship are evaluated by the internship supervisor.
Ecology and societies
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This teaching unit aims to link theoretical ecology, its operational implementation and the issues of territories as seen by society's actors. Built on a format combining theoretical courses recalling the elements necessary for the understanding of field issues (ecosystem dynamics, anthropization, resilience of socio-ecosystems, in situ conservation, etc.), this UE includes several field blocks (each consisting of a preparatory TD/TP and an "active" field trip). The territories visited will allow the students to meet actors from society (managers, elected officials, associations, shepherds, etc.) whose position allows them to understand how ecological issues govern their actions, and how in return their actions impact biodiversity, its dynamics and its distribution.
Macroecology / Biogeography
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
How is biodiversity distributed on Earth? What ecological, evolutionary and historical factors determine these patterns of biodiversity distribution? What are the changes induced by human activities on the global distribution of biodiversity? In this course, we will study the role of spatio-temporal variations in the global environment on the dynamics of biodiversity. In particular, we will examine the influence of long-term climate cycles on the past and present diversity of organisms. We will also address the impact of human activities and global changes on biodiversity at the planetary scale.
Ethnoecology and biocultural interactions
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The teaching of this module is an introduction to ethnobotany and ethnoecology in order to understand the material and immaterial dimensions of the relationships between humans and their environment, with a particular focus on the plant world. We will be particularly interested in local systems of nomenclature and classification, perceptions and representations of nature, uses and management practices of resources, biocultural, ecological and evolutionary interactions. Ethnobotany and ethnoecology are disciplines at the interface of anthropology, botany and ecology, which can also borrow tools and concepts from linguistics, archaeology, geography and agronomy. This module complements the "Ethnoecology and Sustainable Development" module (Master 2) by providing the theoretical and methodological bases of ethnobotany.
UE Project M1
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
"The objective of this course is to consolidate the students' knowledge of ecology and/or evolution by inviting them to define a research topic and question(s), by defining relevant hypotheses in an arguable manner, and by justifying a strategy for acquiring and analyzing data to test them.
Synthetic content of the EU:
- Independent tutored work: identification of a relevant scientific question; bibliographic synthesis allowing to realize the state of the art and to justify the scientific hypotheses; proposal and justification of a methodological approach (material and methods) to test the proposed hypotheses.
Type of topics:
The topics can be on any question identified by the students (in groups of 3/4), and validated by the teaching staff, and can be based on different approaches allowing to adjust to the expectations of the different courses. For example, students can propose a sampling strategy in the field or in experiments, a meta-analysis of data from the literature, an analysis of sequences retrieved from GenBank, an analysis of occurrence data retrieved from GBIF, etc.
In all cases, the projects must involve a real data acquisition strategy, identified, justified and described by the students in the material and method requested in M1S2, with a provisional timetable for the project and identification of the tasks that each student will carry out within each group as part of the implementation of the project in M2S3 The projects must also be financially realistic and propose a provisional budget, and must be able to be finalized in the time available in M2S3.
Methods of control of knowledge:
The teaching is based on a problem-based learning approach, and students are evaluated on the way they progress in building their approach (40% of CC), as well as on their ability to present and defend their project during a final oral (60% of the overall grade)."
Evolutionary genomics
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
This EU has three objectives:
1) deepen knowledge of concepts in genetics and evolutionary genomics such as linkage disequilibrium, selection, coalescent theory, detection of natural selection and evolutionary forces acting on genome evolution and the process of genomic speciation.
2) To propose a panorama of research themes in evolutionary genomics in the form of pedagogical seminars: molecular evolution, evolutionary genomics of endosymbioses, chromosomal evolution and molecular evolution.
3) Finally, the EU proposes a project of bioanalysis of an empirical dataset to understand the analysis in evolutionary genomics and to rub shoulders with the bioinformatics aspects increasingly developed in the discipline.
EXDIM: Multidimensional Data Mining
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
"This module presents table management and the link between multivariate and univariate: matrix manipulation and common operations; notion of projection and distance; translation of descriptive and univariate statistics with multiple regression/ACP/AFD as an example; (dis)similarity indices, distance; correlation"
Integrative Ecophysiology
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The aim of this course is to understand the adaptive biology of organisms by considering individual and population responses to environmental variation. Concrete examples in animal evolutionary ecophysiology will be discussed in the context of global change. The responses of organisms and populations to abiotic parameters (such as temperature, salinity, oxygen availability, pollutants) will be considered as well as their interactive effects. The course will show the implication of physiological mechanisms in ecology, from phenotypic and cognitive processes at the intra-individual level to functional variants between individuals and between species. Intraspecific variability, phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational effects will also be discussed. This course will be illustrated by examples of phenotypic trait analysis (including behavior) within populations. Links with genetic and epigenetic markers will also be discussed. Different approaches (-omics vs. target gene/protein), several experimental setups and various scales of organization of living organisms will be considered (molecule, gene, phenotype, individual, population, species).
M2 Project
ECTS
10 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
3h
The objective of this UE is to allow the implementation of projects defined in the framework of the UE project of M1S2.
Synthetic content of the EU:
- Tutor-led autonomous work by groups of students: readjustment of the project's objectives and methodology if necessary, acquisition of data, ecological and/or evolutionary analyses and interpretations according to the provisional schedule defined in M1S2, restitution of results in the framework of a conference common to the different courses.
Methods of control of knowledge:
As for the M1 project UE, the UE is based on a problem-based learning approach. Students are therefore evaluated as they go along on how they are progressing with their project (40% CC), and then at the end of the semester on their ability to present the results of their project and discuss them in an oral presentation at a general restitution conference (60% of the overall mark).
Ecology: Issues and controversies
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
6h
This course approaches the issues surrounding ecosystem management from the perspective of social sciences, and more particularly "science studies". It aims to contribute to the development of a general culture related to the relationship between ecological sciences and societies, and to equip participants to analyze social issues and underlying socio-scientific controversies. The first part of the course provides a conceptual and methodological framework for the presentation of a reflexive tool for analyzing the interplay of actors and arguments (epistemological, axiological) involved in socioscientific controversies, and illustrates this tool with current examples. Subsequently, thematic presentations by ecological researchers illustrate a variety of issues surrounding ecological sciences, and serve as a basis for the application and acquisition by students of the reflexive analysis tool. Students are evaluated on their ability to mobilize this analytical framework in order to position themselves in an individual and argued manner in controversies related to ecological sciences.
Soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The pedagogical objective of this course is to reposition the main types of soil on a global scale, to explain their formation and to identify the mineral phases or the main abiotic factors likely to regulate the biological activity of soils. Based on this analysis, the different soil organisms (micro-organisms, micro-, meso- and macro-fauna) will be presented as well as their relationships in order to reposition the cycle of organic matter and mineral elements in the soil at different temporal and spatial scales. The notions of recycling, looping of biogeochemical cycles and community assembly rules will also be addressed. The organization of this course is based on lectures and conferences as well as fieldwork.
Ecology of tropical forests
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
Module Objectives:
To acquire the knowledge necessary to understand recent advances and current debates in the field of tropical plant community ecology, as a basis for the evaluation of environmental policies and projects.
Module Content:
The module provides an introduction to the structure and functioning of tropical forest and savanna ecosystems. It discusses the determinants, characteristics and some of the implications for management and conservation. It also addresses some of the ecological controversies surrounding tropical forest ecosystems.
Teaching and Learning Methods:
- Course (6 hours)
- Thematic bibliographical analyses by groups (12 hours) and discussion during the restitutions with external experts (8 hours).
Professionalization and scientific writing
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
The objective of this course is to accompany the student in the construction of his professional project and his search for an internship, while beginning to prepare his integration into professional life by an exhaustive and personal vision of possible career paths.
In concrete terms, meetings with different speakers allow the presentation of the doctoral thesis (presentation of the GAIA doctoral school, presentations by thesis students) and the professional environment targeted by the different courses (research professions and the non-academic sector). Activities specific to each pathway then help to better target the scientific fields most closely related to the students' professional projects. Lastly, the course includes practical sessions designed to prepare students to write scientific articles in English.
Functioning and adaptation of tropical plants
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to explore the diversity of life forms and morphological and functional adaptations of plants living in tropical regions. Each of the major biological types will be analyzed (trees, grasses, lianas, epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, etc.) in order to understand their architecture and modes of development, and to study the particularities of their functioning.
A comparative reflection will attempt to define the nature of the adaptations that have allowed these plants to occupy all the available niches.
Particular emphasis will be placed, in an evolutionary perspective, on the study of the bio-mechanical and in situ conduction properties that characterize some of them.
Another focus will be put on tree ontogeny by addressing notions of architecture in relation to the processes involved in the establishment of large tropical tree crowns, including root strategies. The interaction between vegetative structures, reproduction and secondary growth will be addressed in practical work on tropical material.
The notions of growth and competition in a stand will be approached on simple cases with notions of growth modeling.
Mediation and Governance of Territories
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Qualitative survey methods in social sciences
ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
30h
This course introduces students to social science research (from the construction of the subject to the writing of a report), with an emphasis on qualitative methods. It is essentially composed of a field survey on the general theme of managing nature in the city. It aims to introduce students to the social dimensions of environmental management issues, as well as to the production and processing of qualitative data in the social sciences. In this respect, it trains students to develop diagnoses of environmental management situations by working on three main types of skills: (i) Producing and analyzing heterogeneous data (written, oral, observational), (ii) Analyzing multidimensional, complex and singular situations, (iii) Recounting the complexity of these situations to a public.
Agroforestry
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
Bayesian approach to variability
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
1. Bayesian inference: Motivation and simple example.
2. The likelihood.
3. A detour to explore priors.
4. Markov chains Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)
5. Bayesian analyses in R with the Jags software.
6. Contrast scientific hypotheses with model selection (WAIC).
7. Heterogeneity and multilevel models (aka mixed models.
Strategic Environmental Management Analysis
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA) is a theoretical framework that makes it possible to base an analysis of a management situation on a clearly expressed environmental concern. It allows for a precise clarification of the exercise of environmental responsibility in relation to the exercise of other collective responsibilities, within the framework of a pluralistic debate. By identifying the basic structures of environmental management situations, particularly in international contexts, it provides the criteria that explain the difficulties that public policies on the environment have in emerging in relation to other areas of public action - in particular development policies - and that make it possible to identify the room for manoeuvre to encourage changes to take greater responsibility for environmental problems. The module is based on two main elements: (1) the presentation of different research-intervention studies using this framework of analysis in order to explain the implementation of the ASGE work registers, (2) a supervised assignment that combines the critical analysis of environmental project documents with the development of an alternative research-intervention study proposal using the ASGE framework, which is presented and discussed collectively at the end of the module.
Tropical forests and climate change
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
Land use change is responsible for about 10% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Tropical forest ecosystems can participate in both pillars of addressing global warming, namely mitigation and adaptation:
-Tropical forests and plantations are important potential carbon sinks, their biomass can provide energy to replace fossil fuels, while reducing deforestation and forest degradation and improving forest management (REDD+) can significantly reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions
-The ability of human societies, which are still essentially rural, to adapt to climate change depends in part on the state of available natural resources, while the necessary adaptation of tropical ecosystems to climate change can be facilitated by human interventions.
In the context of the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, mechanisms such as the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) and REDD+, and voluntary markets, as well as ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change, provide a new opportunity for tropical forestry, as well as a potential lever for tropical forest protection or restoration. The module provides an understanding of the basic concepts of climate change, the role of tropical ecosystems in the global carbon cycle, and the technical, policy and economic responses to climate change issues.
Module Content:
This module provides basic knowledge on topics such as the carbon cycle, the mechanisms and consequences of climate change, and the technical and policy frameworks for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The potential of tropical agro-ecosystems is assessed based on scientific studies and existing operational projects.
Teaching and Learning Methods:
-Course (18 hours)
-TD (3 hours).
Management of trees and forest environments
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
9h
This course proposes notions of plant architecture and development of the whole plant (stem and root) in the context of a diagnosis of the state of trees and their functioning in view of a management adapted to the objectives. The consideration and management of trees meet different criteria depending on the contexts considered (forest, fruit trees or urban). The following topics will be addressed in a theoretical and practical manner with case studies. (1) Generalities on morphology and architecture of the whole plant, (2) Life trajectories of the tree, forms of expectation (3) Trauma (competition, pruning, bio-aggressors) and reactivity of architectures (4) Practical work on the diagnosis of forest, fruit and urban trees
Economics of Tropical Ecosystems: Understanding, Analyzing, Managing
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
Impacts of climate change on organisms, ecosystems and
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The goals of this course are to deepen the key concepts related to climate change, to illustrate important concepts in ecology and evolution in the light of climate change, in many different ecosystems, and to synthesize the different scientific and societal questions and issues raised by CC.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Accounting
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
"Businesses play a central role today in the dynamics of ecosystem degradation, and as such are increasingly called upon to contribute to their protection. How then can we improve the consideration of biodiversity issues by companies, and the involvement of companies in the territorial management of ecosystems? Moreover, if conservation sciences and ecology propose a growing number of indicators and data to evaluate biodiversity in its multiple forms, how can this information be structured so that it can be used for strategic and collective action and dialogue between stakeholders?
An ecological accounting approach as a management science discipline allows us to address these issues of structuring ecological indicators and information systems, the responsibilities of the various actors who interact with ecosystems, and the associated forms of accountability.
The field of ecological accounting and its recent developments on biodiversity aim to transform the accounting systems traditionally used by firms in order to better take into account the value of natural capital (biodiversity, ecosystems), and thus anchor it at the heart of management processes at different levels of corporate management. Innovation in ecological accounting also exists on other perimeters (national, at the scale of ecosystems) and can thus make it possible to create articulations at different scales of ecosystem governance.
The interactive lectures are punctuated by exercises of varying length that put the students in an active position:
- reading and facilitated discussion of scientific articles in the field;
- game for comparative analysis of natural capital accounting tools and models, etc.
-A case study of the mobilization of ecosystem accounting approaches
Ethnoecology and sustainable development
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
1 "The way in which the modern West represents nature is the least shared thing in the world" (Descola, 2005, p. 56). According to anthropologist Philippe Descola, the category of "Nature," as a reality separate from the human world, is an invention of Europeans that is only one of the possibilities available to societies to account for the living and non-living beings that surround them.
If Philippe Descola contributes to renewing questions about the relationship between society and the environment, he nevertheless draws on a long tradition in the human and social sciences. Numerous works have already explored the various forms of knowledge and social organization to which these relationships give rise: ethnoscience, anthropology of technology, economic anthropology, ethnoecology, sociology of science and technology, etc.
This issue is far from being confined to the academic sphere. It also arouses the interest of actors in conservation (biodiversity, natural resources, etc.) and industry (pharmacology). It also mobilizes so-called "indigenous" populations who claim, both locally and internationally, access to resources and the preservation of an intangible heritage.
2. Situated at the meeting point of the social sciences and the life sciences, these disciplines analyze how human societies use plants, animals, and other components of the environment, but also how their conceptions and representations of their environment(s) guide these uses. This research also explores how human societies organize themselves, perpetuate themselves, change to adapt to new contexts (globalization, global changes) and transmit knowledge about their relationships with nature.
For a long time, these disciplines focused more specifically on the interrelations between so-called "traditional" societies and their immediate environment. Subsequently, since the 1970s, researchers have reconsidered the distinction between so-called "traditional" and "modern" societies in order to better address new contemporary environmental and social transformations.
Indeed, on the one hand, local societies, even the most isolated, are affected by events that are decided and take place on different scales (international conventions, economic crises). Their immediate environment is also affected by global phenomena (climate change, erosion of biodiversity, etc.). In return, their actions can also have international ecological, social and economic repercussions, when, for example, these societies organize themselves to bring their claims to international arenas.
On the other hand, the relationship that modern societies have with their environment is being reconfigured in the face of the observation that the planet is increasingly "artificialized" and threatened by ruptures and serious crises. The place of fauna and flora is being reconsidered and is the subject of controversy as to their rights. Moreover, the entry into a new geological era, the Anthropocene, is invoked to challenge both the natural sciences and the human and social sciences on the need to consider differently a common history of the environment and societies.
3. The very work of scientists and engineers is apprehended in a new light. In this respect, a new scientific project in the humanities and social sciences aims at reconsidering the role of "non-humans" and calls for finding other analytical categories than those of Nature and Culture. New scales and methods of investigation are also envisaged to analyze global processes.
These recent changes in scale invite the researcher in the humanities and social sciences to (re)consider his or her approach through a reflexive approach: he or she is no longer a simple observer, but can also be a real actor in the processes, when not directly involved in a social movement.
4. The objective of this module is to introduce these different scientific and operational fields. It is to provide students with reference points and elements for reflection, in order to be able to construct scientific questions on the relationships between societies and the environment, in order to reflect on the ways in which current environmental and social issues can be dealt with. The varied geographical and disciplinary experiences of the speakers will make it possible to illustrate the approach through a wide range of ecosystem types, socio-cultural contexts and themes. In the time available, we will not pretend to cover all the themes, approaches and methods in an exhaustive manner. Any student wishing to delve deeper into this area will need to engage in a more in-depth training process.
Policies of nature
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Hourly volume
15h
"The general objective is to give students the basic knowledge necessary to understand international ecopolitics and the main paradigms that underlie them: international environmental agreements and commitments and their implementation in the Southern context; actors on the international scene the place and role of donors and the strategies of environmental NGOs; norms and instruments they tend to disseminate."
Professionalization & Integration
ECTS
2 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The objective of this course is to help students finalize their professional projects and prepare for the post-master's program.
The EU is organized at the level of the course, with regular discussion sessions between the teaching staff and the students.
M2 S4 internship
ECTS
28 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
The individual M2 internship lasts approximately 5 to 6 months and must be carried out, depending on the course, in a research laboratory or a structure in the non-academic sector. It allows the student to acquire in-depth professional experience in the field of biodiversity, evolution or ecology. It can be carried out in a local, national, or international structure, on a subject validated by the teaching staff in order to meet the objectives of the course followed by the student.
Evaluation: The internship is evaluated during a public defense before a jury during which the content of the thesis and the quality of the answers to the jury's questions are evaluated. The behavior and dynamism of the student during the internship are evaluated by the internship supervisor.
Admission
Conditions of access
Applications are made on the following platforms:
French & European students:
- For the M1, follow the procedure " My Master " from the website : https://www.monmaster.gouv.fr/
- For M2, students must submit their application via the e-candidat application: https: //candidature.umontpellier.fr/candidature
International students from outside the EU: follow the "Studies in France" procedure: https: //pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/etudesenfrance/dyn/public/authentification/login.html