L2 - Physics - Chemistry

The organic chemistry module 1 concerns the study of the main classes of organic compounds (organometallic compounds, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also covered in the chapters dedicated to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols and carbonyl derivatives.

A particular effort is given to the understanding of reaction mechanisms based on the basic notions acquired in the first year.

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This course is partly intended to generalize the knowledge acquired during the first semester of the first year (General Physics). In this perspective, we will deal with the location in a three-dimensional space, the associated kinematics and the mechanics in a non-galilean frame of reference. This course is also intended to broaden the scope of applications covered in L1S1. In this respect, the statics of fluids, the dynamics and energetics of the harmonic oscillator, and the motion of celestial bodies (Kepler's laws) will be covered.

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This course is the first step in the teaching of electromagnetism at the university. Electrostatics, stationary currents and magnetostatics are covered.

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The two main objectives of Physics are, on the one hand, to better understand -or to better know- the world in which we live, and on the other hand to contribute to the development of techniques and technologies. Its vocation is to elaborate theories and to confront them with experience.

In this module you will perform experiments that will illustrate concepts of mechanics, electricity and thermodynamics that were presented in the^1st year undergraduate modules.

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Use of the basic principles of equilibrium thermodynamics to be able to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous and determine from the equilibrium constant the proportions of reactants at equilibrium. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to the particular cases of precipitation reactions.(acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Hourly volume: 19,5 h.

In a second part, the kinetic aspects and therefore the speed of reaction will be discussed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Hourly volume: 7,5 h .

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This course is a continuation of the mathematics taught in L1. The mathematical tools necessary for the physicist in analysis will be studied, in particular functions of several variables, differential operators, generalized and multiple integrals and sequences and series, including integer and Fourier series.

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The aim of this course is to review various notions of wave physics (D'alembert's equation, progressive waves, standing waves, reflection, transmission) through the study of different physical systems: mechanical (spring, string, acoustic...), electrical (telegraph line, co-axial...) or electromagnetic, and to arrive at a general formalism for the study of linear wave phenomena

Then, in a second time, after having studied the stationary waves it will be a question of studying the interferences (wave tank and other devices) and the physical concepts which are related to them: phase shift, difference of march, condition of constructive interference, destructive interference

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This module is an introduction to the use of Python for students in the sciences. It will cover notions of algorithmics and the Python language, but the approach is primarily oriented towards a usefulness in Science. The examples will be based on problems related to the other first year subjects.

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The first part of this course aims to consolidate the notions of magnetostatics and to establish the relations of the electromagnetic field at the interface of a plane of charges or current. We also introduce the expression of Laplace forces (force and moment) acting on volumetric or filiform circuits. The second part is devoted to the properties of fields and potentials in variable regime. After introducing Faraday's law describing induction phenomena, we establish Maxwell's time-dependent equations. An energetic treatment allows us to define the electric and magnetic energies, as well as the Poynting vector. We apply these concepts to different examples such as electromechanical conversion or induction heating via eddy currents. A last chapter is devoted to the equations of propagation of fields and potentials, and to their application in vacuum-like systems, as well as in perfect conductors and insulators. The notion of skin depth is also introduced.

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The first part of this course presents the basics of quantum chemistry for chemists and physical chemists. It begins by reviewing the principles of quantum mechanics and its master equation, the Schrödinger equation. The resolution of the Schrödinger equation in simple cases and the notions of wave functions and quantization are presented and illustrated in simple cases. The hydrogen atom is then studied.

The teaching also focuses on approximation methods to determine the properties of complex systems where the Schrödinger equation cannot be solved directly. The effect of spin on the electronic properties of atoms and molecules will also be discussed.

The second part of this teaching focuses on the quantum description of molecular properties and reactivity. The qualitative construction of molecular orbitals using symmetry properties will be introduced and the link between molecular orbital diagram and chemical bonding is made. The link between molecular geometry and electronic structure will be discussed. This teaching will then focus on Huckel's method of obtaining molecular orbital diagrams of π systems. The classical notions of conjugation, delocalization, donor or acceptor character and aromaticity will be studied in this approach. The theory of boundary orbitals is used to rationalize molecular reactivity (cycloadditions, electrocyclisation) and molecular geometries.

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