L2 - Chemistry

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The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

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The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

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This module is a basic module on the physical properties of materials and on techniques for dimensioning mechanically simple components or systems.

The properties of materials are examined using tensile testing, binary diagrams, and microstructure analysis.

Component dimensioning involves choosing the most suitable material and defining the geometry to ensure static and fatigue resistance. The dimensional analysis process also makes it possible to determine the characteristics of a more complex system based on experiments conducted on a scale model.

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The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

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The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

See the full page

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

See the full page

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See the full page

The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

See the full page

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

See the full page

The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

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 The "Color Measurement" course is an introductory course to colorimetry. It provides an understanding of how colors are perceived and classified in the various colorimetry systems currently in use. The course begins with a brief historical introduction tracing the most significant stages in the development of colorimetry, followed by a chapter providing some basic concepts of the "neurophysiology" of vision, describing how the eye and retina work. This is followed by a chapter on photometry introducing the quantities essential to colorimetry, in particular spectral luminance, and then a study of colorimetry systems such as RGB, XYZ, and L*a*b*. These first chapters focus on additive color synthesis, which enables colors to be produced on screens (computers, televisions, phones, etc.). The course continues with an introduction to spectrocolorimetry, which provides an understanding of the properties of color mixtures (subtractive synthesis) through its simplest models (Beer-Lambert, Kubelka-Munk, etc.). The course is illustrated by numerous exercises carried out in tutorials, which allow students to familiarize themselves with the various colorimetry systems and their advantages and disadvantages. It is also supported by practical work, which allows students to master color measurement devices (colorimeters, spectrocolorimeters) and the associated software. A significant part of the practical work is dedicated to comparing color observations and measurements.

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The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

See the full page

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

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The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

See the full page

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

See the full page

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The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

See the full page

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

See the full page

The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

See the full page

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

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This course introduces electrochemistry, particularly through redox reactions. It complements the chemical thermodynamics and kinetics courses, some of whose concepts will be used.

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The organic chemistry module in S4 in L2 focuses on the electronic and acid-base properties and reactivity of aromatic compounds derived from benzene, phenol, and aniline. Reaction mechanisms involving nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions used in aromatic chemistry will be discussed in particular. This course builds on the foundations acquired in L1 and the first semester of L2.

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- Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

- Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 

- Infrared spectroscopy (IR)

- UV-visible spectroscopy

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Chemistry is an experimental science. The aim of this practical module is to illustrate through experimentation a number of theoretical concepts covered in the Bachelor's degree in Chemistry (particularly in the second year and early fifth semester), complementing the other experimental chemistry modules offered in the first and second years of the Chemistry program.

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The first part of this course presents the basics of quantum chemistry for chemists and physical chemists. It begins by reviewing the principles of quantum mechanics and its master equation, the Schrödinger equation. The solution of the Schrödinger equation in simple cases and the concepts of wave functions and quantization are presented and illustrated in simple cases. The hydrogen atom is then studied.

The course also examines approximation methods that can be used to determine the properties of complex systems where Schrödinger's equation cannot be solved directly. The effect of spin on the electronic properties of atoms and molecules will also be discussed.

The second part of this course focuses on the quantum description of molecular properties and reactivity. The qualitative construction of molecular orbitals using symmetry properties will be introduced, and the link between molecular orbital diagrams and chemical bonding will be explained. The link between molecular geometry and electronic structure will be discussed. This course will then focus on Hückel's method, which is used to obtain molecular orbital diagrams of π systems. The classic concepts of conjugation, delocalization, donor or acceptor character, and aromaticity will be studied in this approach. Frontier orbital theory is used to rationalize molecular reactivity (cycloadditions, electrocyclization) and molecular geometries.

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