Chemistry L2S3 Profile 2

The organic chemistry module 1 covers the study of the major classes of organic compounds (organometallics, alcohols, amines, carbonyl derivatives) and their reactivity. Carboxylic acids and derivatives are also discussed in the chapters devoted to the reactivity of organometallics, alcohols, and carbonyl derivatives.

Particular emphasis is placed on understanding reaction mechanisms based on the fundamental concepts acquired in the first year.

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Use of basic principles in equilibrium thermodynamics to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it is spontaneous, and to determine the proportions of reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions (acid-base and redox reactions if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will address kinetic aspects and therefore reaction speed. Only simple reaction orders will be studied during this year. Number of hours: 7.5.

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The first part of the module will consist of presenting general information about materials: a review of the states of matter, chemical bonds, and the quantities associated with material properties (resistivity, transmittance, viscosity, Young's modulus, etc.). The concepts covered will be illustrated using polymeric and inorganic materials.

In a second stage, in a flipped classroom setting, students will learn about different materials through applications (varnish, paint, energy recovery, pollution control, etc.).

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The Organic Chemistry 2 module follows on from the Organic Chemistry 1 module. It focuses on further study of the reactivity of carboxylic acids and derivatives.

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 The "Color Measurement" course is an introductory course to colorimetry. It provides an understanding of how colors are perceived and classified in the various colorimetry systems currently in use. The course begins with a brief historical introduction tracing the most significant stages in the development of colorimetry, followed by a chapter providing some basic concepts of the "neurophysiology" of vision, describing how the eye and retina work. This is followed by a chapter on photometry introducing the quantities essential to colorimetry, in particular spectral luminance, and then a study of colorimetry systems such as RGB, XYZ, and L*a*b*. These first chapters focus on additive color synthesis, which enables colors to be produced on screens (computers, televisions, phones, etc.). The course continues with an introduction to spectrocolorimetry, which provides an understanding of the properties of color mixtures (subtractive synthesis) through its simplest models (Beer-Lambert, Kubelka-Munk, etc.). The course is illustrated by numerous exercises carried out in tutorials, which allow students to familiarize themselves with the various colorimetry systems and their advantages and disadvantages. It is also supported by practical work, which allows students to master color measurement devices (colorimeters, spectrocolorimeters) and the associated software. A significant part of the practical work is dedicated to comparing color observations and measurements.

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