Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Use the basic principles of thermodynamics of equilibrium to predict whether a reaction is possible, in which direction it proceeds spontaneously, and to determine the proportions of the reactants at equilibrium based on the equilibrium constant. Application to homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and to specific cases of precipitation reactions. (Acid-base and redox reactions, if time permits). Number of hours: 19.5.

In the second part, we will discuss kinetic aspects and, consequently, reaction rates. Only first-order reactions will be studied this year. Total hours: 7.5.

Use thermodynamic data (enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, etc.) to determine, in cases of homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria, the direction of spontaneous change in a chemical reaction, to calculate the equilibrium constant of that chemical reaction, and to predict the quantities or proportions of the various reactants. Understand the influence of temperature, pressure, and composition on a chemical equilibrium and be able to use these parameters to shift the equilibrium in a given direction. Calculate the pH of acidic or basic solutions and mixtures. Interpret and/or calculate the change in pH of a solution during a titration.

Be able to calculate the rate of a simple chemical reaction and identify the factors that influence it.

Determine the spontaneous direction of a chemical reaction, calculate the equilibrium constant, determine the amounts of reactants at equilibrium, and calculate the rate at which they will appear in the solution.

You must have previously taken a thermodynamics course. It is essential that you be familiar with the terminology and know how to apply the first two laws of thermodynamics.

High school-level mathematics, with a particular focus on knowing how to use derivatives and common integrals.